NaHSO4·H2O催化合成苯甲酸甲酯

以 Na HSO4 · H2 O催化苯甲酸与甲醇的酯化反应 ,合成了苯甲酸甲酯。研究结果表明 ,Na HSO4 · H2 O具有较高的催化活性。考察了苯甲酸 /甲醇摩尔比、催化剂用量及反应时间对酯产率的影响。在优化反应条件 [n(苯甲酸 )∶n(甲醇 )∶n( Na HSO4 ·H2 O) =1∶ 2∶ 0 .2 9,回流8h]下 ,苯甲酸甲酯产率达 85.3 %。     

四羰基钴/咪唑离子液体在羰基化合成丙二酸二甲酯反应中的催化性能

采用原位法合成了不同类型的四羰基钴/咪唑离子液体催化剂, 并考察了其在氯乙酸甲酯羰基化反应中的催化性能. 研究了咪唑环上不同支链对催化活性的影响. 结果表明, 1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑羰基钴离子液体[Bmim][Co(Co)₄]不仅催化活性高, 选择性好, 而且对空气和水有较好的稳定性能. 在p_CO=2.0 MPa, 85 ℃, 反应3 h的条件下, [Bmim][Co(Co)₄]催化剂循环使用4次, 氯乙酸甲酯的平均转化率为94.3%, 丙二酸二甲酯的平均选择性和平均产率分别为98.5%和92.9%. 与传统的Na[Co(Co)₄]催化剂相比, [Bmim][Co(Co)₄]催化剂在保证高活性的条件下可以实现羰基钴催化剂的直接循环使用.     

4-N,N-Dimethylaminopyridine promoted selective oxidation of methyl aromatics with molecular oxygen

4-N,N-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as catalyst in combination with benzyl bromide was developed for the selective oxidation of methyl aromatics. DMAP exhibited higher catalytic activity than other pyridine analogues, such as 4-carboxypyridine, 4-cyanopyridine and pyridine. The sp3 hybrid carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds of different methyl aromatics were successfully oxygenated with molecular oxygen. The real catalyst is due to the formation of a pyridine onium salt from the bromide and DMAP. The onium salt was well characterized by NMR and the reaction mechanism was discussed.     

High‐Performance RuCl3 Catalyst Systems for Hydro‐Esterification of Methyl Formate and Ethylene

RuCl₃ catalyst system has many advantages for the hydro‐esterification of methyl formate and ethylene to methyl propionate. However, the unsatisfied performance restricts the development of this route. In this work, high‐performance RuCl₃ catalyst systems (RuCl₃‐[PPN]Cl‐Et₄NI and RuCl₃‐NaI) are firstly reported for this reaction. In RuCl₃‐[PPN]Cl‐Et₄NI catalyst system, the conversion of methyl formate and the selectivity to methyl propionate are 93.9% and 90.9% at mild reaction conditions (165°C, 2.5 MPa), respectively. Noticeably, a simple inorganic RuCl₃‐NaI catalyst system achieves 88.8% conversion of methyl formate and 97.6% selectivity to methyl propionate (86.7% yield) at same conditions. NaI, as a promoter, may inhibit the decomposition of methyl formate and be conducive to the formation of methyl propionate. The effects of solvents and promoters are investigated in detail. In addition, the reaction mechanism has been also analyzed. It is hoped to lay a certain foundation for further industrial application.     

Organotitanium-mediated stereoselective coordinative/insertive homopolymerizations and copolymerizations of styrene and methyl methacrylate

This contribution describes coordinative/insertive stereoregular homopolymerizations and copolymerizations of styrene and methyl methacrylate (MMA) mediated by a highly active single-site organotitanium catalyst. The catalyst system used to effect these polymerizations of nonpolar and polar olefinic monomers is prepared by in situ Zn reduction of the precursor derived from the reaction (Me(5)Cp)TiMe(3) + Ph(3)C(+)B(C(6)F(5))(4)(-). The resulting catalyst produces polystyrene (>95% syndiotactic, 170 000 g/mol molecular weight; s-PS) by the established coordinative/insertive pathway. The same catalyst mediates polymerization of MMA to poly(methyl methacrylate) (>65% syndiotactic, >70 000 g/mol molecular weight; s-PMMA) by a group transfer protocol-like (GTP-like) pathway (1,4 insertion mechanism). Under optimal conditions, this catalyst also mediates the copolymerization of MMA + styrene (1:19 ratio) at 50 degrees C to yield random approximately 80% coisotactic poly[styrene-co-(methyl methacrylate)] (coiso-PSMMA) which contains approximately 4% MMA. Control experiments argue that a single-site Ti catalyst is the active species for the copolymerization. The catalyst formation process is quite general, and a variety of reducing agents can be substituted for Zn and still effect copolymerization. Control experiments also indicate that known noncoordination copolymerization mechanisms (i.e., ionic or radical) cannot explain this copolymerization. We suggest a new mechanism involving sequential conjugate addition steps to explain these copolymerization results.     

Immobilization of Carbonylcobalt Catalyst by Poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (P4VP) through N→Co Coordination Bonds: The Promotional Effect of Pyridine and the Reusability of Polymer Catalyst

A carbonylcobalt catalyst, immobilized by poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (P4VP) through N→Co coordination bonds, has been prepared by solvothermal method. It has been revealed that the pyridine fragments in the polymer catalyst act not only as promoters to improve the catalytic performance of the carbonylcobalt catalyst for alkoxycarbonylation of ethylene oxide to methyl 3‐hydroxypropanoate but also as stabilizers to enhance the reusability of the polymer catalyst. Furthermore, the polymer catalyst could be easily separated by filtration and reused with only a slight loss of catalytic efficiency.     

Pd(II)-catalyzed vinylic polymerization of norbornene and copolymerization with norbornene and copolymerization with norbornene carboxylic acid esters

The vinylic polymerization of norbornene and its copolymerization with norbornene carboxylic acid methyl esters were investigated. Norbornene was polymerized by us using di-μ-chloro-bis-(6-methoxybicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-endo-5σ,2π)-palladium(II) as catalyst. The polymerization time can be decreased by a factor of 100000 by activation of the catalyst with methylaluminoxane (MAO). With this palladium catalyst activated by MAO, 140 t of norbornene can be polymerized per mol palladium per h. This catalyst system was much more active than [Pd(CH₃CN)₄](BF₄)₂ ( I ). The polymerization of norbornene by (6-methoxybicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-endo-5σ,2π)-palladium(II) tetrafluoroborate was also possible but it was not as fast as the polymerization by Pd catalysts activated with MAO. We were also able to obtain copolymers of norbornene and 5-norbornene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (exo/endo = 1/4 or 2/3) containing between 15 and 20 mol-% ester units. The copolymerization of norbornene and 2-methyl-5-norbornene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (exo/endo = 7/3) was faster than the copolymerization mentioned before. In contrast the homopolymerization of 2-methyl-5-norbornene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester was 10 times slower than that of 5-norbornene-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (exo/endo = 1/4).     

An amide-linked chromophore-catalyst assembly for water oxidation

The synthesis and analysis of a new amide-linked, dinuclear [Ru(bpy)(2)(bpy-ph-NH-CO-trpy)Ru(bpy)(OH(2))](4+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; bpy-ph-NH-CO-trpy = 4-(2,2':6',2"-terpyridin-4'-yl)-N-[(4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridin-4-yl)methyl]benzamide) assembly that incorporates both a light-harvesting chromophore and a water oxidation catalyst are described. With the saturated methylene linker present, the individual properties of both the chromophore and catalyst are retained including water oxidation catalysis and relatively slow energy transfer from the chromophore excited state to the catalyst.     

担载镍催化剂上乙炔与甲酸甲酯加氢酯化合成丙烯酸甲酯:担载量和焙烧温度的影响(英文)

以ＮｉＯ担载量为０．０８ｗｔ％～１８．７ｗｔ％及焙烧温度为６２３ Ｋ～８７３ Ｋ的ＮｉＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂进行乙炔与甲酸甲酯的加氢酯化反应,并结合ＴＰＲ、ＸＰＳ、ＸＲＤ和ＢＥＴ技术对催化剂进行表征。催化剂在制备过程中,镍离子与载体氧化铝间的相互作用产生两种不同的镍物种,ＮｉＯ晶相和ＮｉＡｌ２Ｏ４类物种,它们间的比例随担载量及焙烧温度而异,因而表现出其对乙炔与甲酸甲酯加氢酯化不同的反应性能。实验结果表明,在７７３ Ｋ焙烧的１０Ｗｔ％ＮｉＯ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３最适合乙炔与甲酸甲酯的加氢酯化反应。     

Theoretical investigations on Ziegler-Natta catalysis: Alkylation of the TiCl4 catalyst

Theoretical ab initio methods have been used to study the alkylation reaction of the MgCl₂-supported TiCl₄ catalyst. Investigation of the reaction path indicated that the Al(CH₃)₃ co-catalyst inserts into the coordination sphere of the titanium atom of the catalyst so that a methyl group of Al(CH₃)₃ interacts with the titanium. The methyl group migrates from Al(CH₃)₃ to the vacant coordination site of the catalyst. When the catalyst loses one of its chlorine atoms to the co-catalyst during this reaction, the catalyst maintains its vacant site, but the position of the vacant site changes. The presence of the external electron donor coordinated to the co-catalyst makes the alkylation reaction energetically more favourable.     

Preparation and application of SBA-15-supported palladium catalyst for Heck reaction in supercritical carbon dioxide

A new method for the preparation of SBA-15-supported palladium catalyst for Heck reaction in supercritical carbon dioxide was presented.The newly formed SBA-15-supported palladium catalyst（Ph-SBA-15-PPh₃-Pd） exhibited high catalytic activity for the Heck reaction of 4-nitrobromobenzene with methyl acrylate.The catalyst can be reused several times without a loss of activity.     

Preparation of N-Acetyl-2-arylglycin Esters by N-H Insertion Reaction of Aryldiazoacetates with Acetamide

The intermolecular N-H insertion reaction of methyl α-diazo α-arylacetate with acetamide has been investigated using transition-metal complexes as catalysts. The Cu(II) complex Cu(hfacac)₂ (hfacac represents hexafluoroacetylacetonate) has proven to be the most active catalyst to yield methyl N-acetyl-2-phenylglycin in good isolated yield (73–80%) with 3 mmol% of catalyst loading in reflux toluene. The catalyst is also valuable to the substituted aryldiazoacetates at the 4-position on phenyl ring.     

聚氯乙烯三氯化铁树脂催化合成肉桂酸甲酯

在聚氯乙烯三氯化铁催化下由肉桂酸和甲醇发生酯化合成了肉桂酸甲脂,当０．０２ｍｏｌ．肉桂酸,０．１０ｍｏｌ甲醇和１．５ｇ催化剂一起回流加热７．０ｈ时,产品收率达８４．４％。     

Selective synthesis of (2Z,4E)-dienyl esters by ene-diene cross metathesis

[reaction: see text] Cross metathesis of terminal alkenes with methyl (2Z,4E)-hexadienoate and related dienyl esters provides substituted (2Z,4E)-dienyl esters in good yields. Small-scale reactions are effectively promoted by the standard second-generation Grubbs-Hoveyda catalyst (GH-II), while a new fluorous GH-II catalyst is used for separation and recovery in gram-scale reactions. The transformation is featured in a rapid synthesis of the bottom fragments of the potent anticancer agents (-)-dictyostatin and 6-epi-dictyostatin.     

新型5-溴嘧啶衍生物的选择性合成

对甲苯磺酰氯与三甘醇单甲酯完成酯化反应,再与对溴苯酚缩合制得对溴苯基三甘醇单甲醚(3);3与硼酸甲酯完成取代反应、酸解后在Pd(PPh3)4催化下与5-溴-2-碘嘧啶(5)在甲苯中通过Suzuki偶联反应选择性地合成了5-溴-2-对(甲基三甘醇基)苯基嘧啶(1a),收率73%。以1-十二烯和5为主要原料,通过Suzuki偶联反应,一锅法选择性地合成了5-溴-2-十二烷基嘧啶(1b),收率82%。1a和1b未见文献报道,其结构经1HNMR,13C NMR和MS表征。     

二苯并噻吩类硫化物在非负载型NiMoW催化剂上加氢脱硫反应机理

研究了二苯并噻吩(DBT)、4-甲基二苯并噻吩(4-MDBT)和4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩(4,6-DMDBT)在非负载型NiMoW催化剂上的加氢脱硫反应产物分布及反应机理,给出了它们在非负载型催化剂上加氢脱硫反应网络.研究发现,由于甲基的空间位阻效应,二苯并噻吩类化合物加氢脱硫转化率顺序为4,6-DMDBT≈4-MDBT＜DBT,而非负载型NiMoW催化剂具有很高的芳环加氢活性,有利于烷基取代的芳环加氢,减弱空间位阻效应,使烷基取代的二苯并噻吩类化合物得到有效脱除.DBT的脱硫产物会被进一步加氢,其产物分布与联苯加氢产物相似.4-MDBT有两种预加氢脱硫反应路径,甲基取代的苯环由于甲基的供电子效应会被优先加氢.非负载型催化剂存在的L酸中心会使部分4-MDBT和4,6-DMDBT通过脱甲基反应生成DBT再进行脱硫反应.     

Emission Color Tuning with Polymer Molecular Weight for Dyes of 4‐Dicyanomethylene‐2‐methyl‐6‐{4‐[(2‐hydroxyethyl)(methyl)amino]styryl}‐4H‐pyran

A series of novel polylactide (PLA) polymers were synthesized initiated by 4‐dicyanomethylene‐2‐methyl‐6‐{4‐[(2‐hydroxyethyl)(methyl)amino]styryl}‐4H‐pyran (DCM) with Sn(Oct)₂ as catalyst. The color and emission of the polymer can be tuned just with polymer molecular weight.     

环己酮与丙烯酸甲酯及(S)-3-(2′-氧环己基)-丙酸与醇的酯化反应

在(R)TTCA·K催化下由环己酮直接与丙烯酸甲酯进行Michael加成反应得到了(S)-3-(2′-氧环己基)-丙酸甲酯, [α]20D-4.14(41.5% e.e.).     

水溶性salen-Co(Ⅲ)配合物催化的端炔水合反应

报道了一种用于端炔水合反应的水溶性salen-Co(III)配合物催化剂,在使用硫酸作为共催化剂的条件下能高效得到产物甲基酮.该催化剂用量少,反应结束后可利用简单的萃取实现产物与催化剂分离,简化了后处理过程.此外,催化剂还可回收重复使用,但催化剂活性会略有下降.     

Stereoregularity of poly(methyl acrylate)

The stereoregularity of poly(methyl acrylate) and poly(methyl acrylate-αd) was determined from the NMR spectra. A method of quantitative determination of stereoregularity of poly(methyl acrylate) proposed in this paper is based on the fact that in the 100 Mc./sec. NMR spectrum the absorption peaks due to methylene protons in syndiotactic configurations overlap absorptions due to only one of two methylene protons in isotactic configurations. The stereostructure of poly(methy1 acrylates) polymerized with anionic catalysts such as Grignard reagents, n-butyllithium, and LiAlH₄ is generally richer in isotactic diads than in syndiotactic diads. For example, poly(methyl acrylate) polymerized with phenylmagnesium bromide as catalyst at ?20°C. consists of 99% isotactic and 1% syndiotactic diads. In radical polymerization, the isotacticity of poly(methyl acrylate) is independent of polymerization temperature. Poly(methyl acrylates) polymerized with a Ziegler-Natta catalyst consisting of Al(C₂H₅)₂Cl and VCl₄ have configurations similar to those polymerized by radical initiators. The stereoregularity of poly(methyl acrylate-α-d) resembled that of poly(methyl acrylate) polymerized under the same conditions.