周期场中非各态历经布朗运动

将自由状态下呈弹道扩散的非各态历经系统置于周期场中,进而将非各态历经布朗运动分为两类.第一类是阻尼核的Laplace变换的低频为零的系统,当温度远大于势垒高度时,系统平均能量的动能部分依赖粒子的初始速度分布;随温度降低,系统的各态历经性得到恢复.然后将第一类系统的稳定速度变量作为一个内部噪声,再去驱动一个自由布朗粒子,则阻尼核的Laplace变换在零频时为无穷大.结果发现,粒子扩散系数随温度的增加而趋于零,显示一种经典局域化特征,系统的渐进分布依赖于初始坐标分布.这是第二类非各态历经性运动,不能通过外加势而恢复. 关键词： 非各态历经 非Markov布朗运动 扩散系数 噪声谱     

具有涨落质量的线性谐振子的共振行为

Brown运动中,环境分子的吸附能力使Brown粒子的质量存在涨落. 本文将这一质量涨落建模为对称双态噪声, 以考察其对系统共振行为的影响. 首先,利用Shapiro-Loginov公式和Laplace变换推导系统稳态响应振幅的解析表达式, 并根据相应数值结果, 研究系统的共振行为; 然后, 通过仿真实验对理论与实际的符合情况进行对比分析, 验证理论结果的可靠性及其对实际应用的指导意义. 理论结果和仿真实验均表明: 1) 系统稳态响应为频率与外部驱动相同的简谐振动; 2) 稳态响应振幅随外部驱动频率、振子质量、噪声强度及相关率的变化分别相应出现真实共振、参数诱导共振、随机共振现象; 3) 质量涨落噪声导致系统共振形式出现多样化现象, 包括单峰共振、单峰单谷共振、双峰共振等. 关键词： 质量涨落噪声 随机共振 双峰共振     

非线性阻尼驱动的莱维飞行动力学性质

基于动力学连续时间无规行走方法,对受非线性阻尼驱动的莱维飞行在自由势场以及周期势场中的扩散行为进行了研究.非线性阻尼取代斯托克斯阻尼,通过动力学连续时间无规行走方法体现在莱维随机行走粒子的每一步跳跃中.结果显示,非线性阻尼的强阻尼耗散作用导致莱维飞行的超扩散行为衰减为正常扩散,粒子速度定态分布呈现双峰与单峰的相互转化.周期势场的束缚作用会导致粒子扩散达到一个稳定态,而莱维粒子自身性质会使粒子存在极小概率跃出周期势阱的跳跃行为,表现为方均位移随时间的演化出现跃迁现象.     

色噪声参激和周期调制噪声外激联合驱动的分数阶线性振子的共振行为

研究了色噪声参激和周期调制噪声外激联合驱动的分数阶线性振子及其共振行为, 利用Laplace变换和Shapiro-Loginov公式, 推导出了系统响应的一阶矩及稳态响应振幅的解析表达式. 讨论了系统阶数、摩擦系数、周期驱动力频率、色噪声强度和相关率等参数对系统稳态响应的影响, 发现系统稳态响应振幅具有非单调变化的特点, 即出现了广义随机共振现象. 并且在适当参数下, 稳态响应振幅还存在具有双峰的广义随机共振现象.     

自驱动杆状粒子在半柔性弹性环中的集体行为

在生物体系的活性系统中,杆状粒子在弹性半柔性边界中的受限行为极为常见.本文研究了二维情况下,自驱动杆状粒子受限在半柔性弹性环中的集体行为.改变系统的粒子数及噪声强度,系统显示明显的自驱吸附有序态、无序态及中间的过渡态.通过表征弹性环内部粒子的径向极性大小和空间分布的非球度性对这些状态进行了刻画.进一步对弹性环中心附近粒子密度的分析,发现环中心气态粒子分布存在一个与边界高密度区域共存的饱和平台,出现类似吸附转变的粒子分布.在过渡区间,体系内存在较大的涨落会导致弹性环出现异常形变.非对称的粒子分布对弹性环整体的迁移具有重要贡献,系统在过渡区间能获得相对较强的定向迁移.     

简谐速度噪声及其与势场之间的频率共振

为了描述复杂的噪声环境，考虑了一种具有频率结构的噪声——简谐速度噪声，包括它的产生、关联函数、功率谱以及作为热噪声时的频率特性所导致的一些行为.结果表明：在频谱空间中简谐速度噪声是一种带通噪声，存在一个峰值频率，且噪声带宽由参量Γ控制.当简谐势中的一个布朗粒子受热简谐速度噪声驱动时，粒子能量极大值出现在两种频率相等的情况下.这表明噪声和势场的频率之间存在动力学共振，决定着粒子能量的大小. 关键词： 简谐噪声 简谐速度噪声 功率谱 频率共振     

分数阶非对称耦合系统在对称周期势中的定向输运

在没有外力且周期势对称的情况下,对非对称耦合粒子链的运动,以具备更强刻画能力的分数阶微积分理论建立了分数阶模型,对其定向输运现象进行针对性研究,采用分数阶差分法进行数值求解并分析系统参数对定向输运速度的影响.相应仿真表明,分数阶非对称耦合系统在没有外力和噪声驱动的情况下仍能产生定向输运,且输运速度随阶数的增大而增大;当阶数固定时,粒子链平均速度随耦合强度和势垒高度非单调变化;当系统存在噪声时,粒子链平均速度出现了广义随机共振现象,且通过调节其他参数,可使得系统对噪声免疫甚至使噪声促进定向输运.     

具有质量及频率涨落的欠阻尼线性谐振子的随机共振

以往的研究大多考虑线性谐振子模型受频率涨落噪声的影响, 而当布朗粒子处于具有吸附能力的复杂环境时, 粒子质量也存在随机涨落. 因此, 本文研究具有质量及频率涨落两项噪声的二阶欠阻尼线性谐振子模型的随机共振现象. 利用Shapiro-Loginov公式和Laplace变换, 推导了系统响应一阶稳态矩及稳态响应振幅的解析表达式. 并根据稳态响应振幅的解析表达式, 建立了稳态响应振幅关于质量涨落噪声及频率涨落噪声各自的噪声强度能够诱导随机共振现象产生的充分必要条件. 仿真实验表明, 当系统参数满足本文所给出的充分必要条件要求时, 系统稳态响应振幅关于噪声强度的变化曲线具有明显的共振峰, 即此选定参数组合能够诱导系统产生随机共振现象.     

布朗马达的定向输运模型

将系统利用非平衡涨落能量做功，看作是布朗马达受到内外噪声作用的结果，并建立相应的含阻尼、双噪声的扩散模型．通过解析计算和数值模拟，在一维惯性锯齿势中，阐明了乘性噪声驱动布朗马达定向运动的机理，分析了黏滞阻力对定态流的影响．作为应用，解释了单个马达蛋白梯跳运动的实验现象． 关键词：     

瓮模型中多粒子动力学的研究

研究了处于热库中的多颗粒在两个和多个瓮中的运动.通过求解含噪声项的一维朗之万方程,获得颗粒的位置和速度,并分析了其运动状态.研究发现，在高温下系统处于对称态的时间较长,反之系统将会出现多个定态.所有运动颗粒的速率分布都满足Gauss分布,非对称态的有效温度T₂与弹性恢复系数r有良好的指数关系. 关键词： 多颗粒 多瓮 速率分布 有效温度     

Low-Resistant Band-Passing Noise and Its Dynamical Effects

We propose an n-order noise, which is realized by driving an n-order linear differential equation with a Gaussian white noise. The time-derivative noise is a low-resistant band-passing noise. If the derivative noise is regarded as a thermal one, the system has a vanishing effective friction and it should induce ballistic diffusion of a free particle at long times. The simulation method for the generalized Langevin equation driven by the n-order noise is discussed systematically. The features of three-order derivative noises are presented when they are applied to a ratchet system.     

Low-Resistant Band-Passing Noise and Its Dynamical Effects

We propose an n-order noise, which is realized by driving an n-order linear differential equation with a Gaussian white noise. The time-derivative noise is a low-resistant band-passing noise. If the derivative noise is regarded as a thermal one, the system has a vanishing effective friction and it should induce ballistic diffusion of a free particle at long times. The simulation method for the generalized Langevin equation driven by the n-order noise is discussed systematically. The features of three-order derivative noises are presented when they are applied to a ratchet system.     

一般n阶特征量泛函的Euler-Lagrange方程及与定量因果原理、相对性原理和广义牛顿三定律的统一

本文获得了有各种相互作用的一般n阶特征量泛函,其耦合系数反映了不同特征量泛函之间的耦合强度.依据定量因果原理,导出了一般n阶特征量泛函的变分原理,获得了一般n阶特征量泛函的Euler-Lagrange方程,它的不同系数可拟合不同的物理现实,如从线性到任意n阶非线性物理系统,使复杂难解的任意n阶非线性物理系统变得具体可解.并获得了该对称变换下不变的m个的守恒量,以及它们之间的关系和统一描述.依据定量因果原理导出了相对性原理,证明了绝对加速参考系、牵连参考系和相对参考系的力都有来自加速度和质量变化的贡献.利用定量因果原理自然导出了广义牛顿第一定律和广义牛顿第二定律,而且还导出了一个新定律,即广义牛顿第三定律,亦即平移不变性系统合力为零定理.进而将研究结论应用于对银河系的修正引力势、分子势、夸克禁闭势等,且其结果与物理实验一致.     

Asymmetry of Coordinate and Velocity in Noisy Oscillator

The velocity variable of a noise oscillator as an internal or external noise is proposed, the spectrum of which is quite different from that of the coordinate variable of the same noise oscillator. The former leads to ballistic diffusion for a free particle in long time limit and the asymptotical results of the system are sensitive to the initial condition. However, diffusion process induced by the coordinate of noise oscillator is a normal one and depends on the initial condition only in the transient time. This allows us to classify two kinds of non-Markovian processes: normal one and strong one, just like the processes induced by the coordinate and the velocity of noise oscillator, respectively. Applying to a correlation ratchet, we have found that the steady current of a particle subjected to the velocity of noise oscillator is opposite to that subjected to its coordinate, thus the former shows greenness and the latter redness.     

随机双指数记忆耗散系统的非马尔可夫扩散

针对具有双指数耗散记忆核函数的两自由度耦合系统, 本文利用Laplace变换导出了热宽带噪声激励下该系统响应二阶矩的解析表达式. 并观察到位移二阶矩不同于单自由度情形下的反常扩散:<x²(t)> ∝ t^α (0<α<2, α≠1), 而是随时间及噪声等参数变化呈现普遍的振荡扩散现象.分析可得, 阻尼耦合因子B使粒子远离简谐势场的束缚, <x²(t)>随B的增大扩散加剧而摩擦系数增大却使其趋于平稳状态.进一步, 若两热噪声互关联时, 较小的互关联时间对二阶矩的影响较大, 反之作用较小. 伴随互关联强度递增, 位移二阶矩的扩散加剧, 位移间的相关性加强, 与物理直观相符. 关键词： 热噪声 非马尔可夫扩散 广义朗之万方程 关联性     

Correlated noise-based switches and stochastic resonance in a bistable genetic regulation system

The correlated noise-based switches and stochastic resonance are investigated in a bistable single gene switching system driven by an additive noise (environmental fluctuations), a multiplicative noise (fluctuations of the degradation rate). The correlation between the two noise sources originates from on the lysis-lysogeny pathway system of the λ phage. The steady state probability distribution is obtained by solving the time-independent Fokker-Planck equation, and the effects of noises are analyzed. The effects of noises on the switching time between the two stable states (mean first passage time) is investigated by the numerical simulation. The stochastic resonance phenomenon is analyzed by the power amplification factor. The results show that the multiplicative noise can induce the switching from “on” → “off” of the protein production, while the additive noise and the correlation between the noise sources can induce the inverse switching “off” → “on”. A nonmonotonic behaviour of the average switching time versus the multiplicative noise intensity, for different cross-correlation and additive noise intensities, is observed in the genetic system. There exist optimal values of the additive noise, multiplicative noise and cross-correlation intensities for which the weak signal can be optimal amplified.     

Effects of correlation time between noises on the noise enhanced stability phenomenon in an asymmetric bistable system

The effects of the correlation time τ between noises on the noise-enhanced stability (NES) phenomenon in an asymmetric bistable system driven by cross-correlated noise are investigated. The expressions for the average escape time from the left metastable state T_L and from the right metastable state T_Rare derived. The results indicate that: i) The NES effect is suppressed as the correlation time τ increases for two metastable states; ii) The increase in τ speeds up the escape process from the right state for positively correlated noise, whereas its role is reverses for negatively correlated; iii) In the escape process from the left state, the role of τ is opposite to that in escape from the right state.     

Delay induced steady-state transition and stochastic resonance for an ecological vegetation growth system subjected to multiplicative and additive noises

In this paper, our aim is to investigate the steady state properties and stochastic resonance (SR) phenomenon for an ecological vegetation growth system with time delay induced by the multiplicative and additive noises. Numerical results show that the SR phenomenon caused by time delay, different noise terms and a weak periodic signal occurs in the vegetation growth model under different values of system parameters. With regard to the stationary state properties of the vegetation system, the results indicate that the terms of different noises and time delay can all accelerate the shift from the substantial state to the barren one of the ecological system, restrain the development of the vegetation system and weaken the stability of the ecological system. On the other hand, the additive noise strength always enhances the SNR and the SR phenomenon, while the intensity of multiplicative noise often reduces the effect of the SR. In particular, time delay can play different roles in exciting the SR phenomenon in different cases.