双能隙介观超导体的涡旋结构模拟

本文运用了含时Ginzburg-Landau理论研究了双能带结构的介观超导体在外磁场作用下涡旋随时间的演化. 给出了实际温度在s波和d波的临界温度之间s波、d波以及磁场的分布, 从 理论上模拟得到涡旋进入和退出样品的磁场"过热"与"过冷"现象, 以及介观超导样品边界对涡旋结构分布的影响. 关键词： 涡旋结构 双能带 含时Ginzburg-Landau理论 超导     

锡烯超导中的第二类伊辛配对机制

正超导体在外加一定的磁场时会通过产生超流来保证磁力线不进入到体内,这个现象就是著名的迈斯纳效应。对于第二类超导体,当磁场超过一临界值——下临界磁场(B_(c1))——时,超导体体内会出现许多不再超导的"核",磁力线以量子磁通的形式穿过它们。超流环绕这些"核"而形成涡旋,这保证体内其他区域仍处于超导态。随磁场的增加,涡旋密度会逐渐增加。当磁场增大到上临界磁场(B_(c2))时,超导区域趋于零,整个材料将转变到正常态。可见,超导体的临界磁场是超导的基本性质之一,也是决定超导体应用的一项     

三维介观超导环的涡旋结构

在Ginzburg-Landan理论的框架下, 运用有限差分法研究了在圆环电流产生磁场下的介观超导圆环内的涡旋结构, 讨论了超导圆环尺寸和不同空间分布的磁场对涡旋形成的影响, 得到在一般超导圆环体内的基态多是巨涡旋态、而多涡旋态多以激发态形式存在的结论, 说明磁场一般从超导圆环的环孔穿过, 而很难穿过超导圆环体.     

在交变外磁场作用下处于迈斯纳态的超导体内的电磁场和能量变化（英文）

本文以一个无限大的超导平板为例,分析它在正弦外磁场作用下处于Meissner态时的电磁场以及能量变化的特征,计算结果表明在准静态外磁场作用下超导体内的磁场、电场以及感应电流都随着透入表面的深度迅速衰减而没有滞后现象.根据超导电流和穿透深度的定义以及London方程,分析了超导体内超导电流与感应电场乘积的物理意义.我们计算并分析了流入超导体的电磁能与内部的磁场能、电场能、超导电子动能之间的转化关系,结果表明这四种能量之间的转化是完全可逆的,超导体内不存在任何损耗.     

London磁场的物理机制研究

超导体在旋转过程中会在其内部产生磁场,称为London磁场.目前,包括London理论和G-L理论在内的多种理论都对London磁场的产生机理进行了解释.从本质上,这些理论解释大多认为旋转超导体最外层超导电子运动滞后并由此出现净余电流,而London磁场则是由旋转超导体表面的净余电流产生的.然而,关于旋转超导体最外层超导电子运动滞后的原因,目前仍没有明确的理论解释.本文通过对旋转系中带电粒子,以及旋转超导体中超导电子的贝里相位进行了理论分析,结果表明旋转状态下超导电子的贝里曲率与London磁场具有相同的表达形式,表明London磁场可视为A-B效应的逆效应,也即基于贝里相位的一种宏观量子效应.     

旋转超导体中的电流与电磁场

采用半经典理论方法,对旋转超导体内的电流和电磁场进行理论分析.在把非惯性力场等效为真实力场并假设其适用于量子力学的基础上,获得超导电子所满足的薛定谔方程和概率密度流表达式.发现超导电子的正则动量和空间相位的梯度有正比例的关系;发现在没有外电场和外磁场情况下,匀速转动的超导体内出现净电荷电场、磁场,表面出现净电荷及超导电流 关键词： 旋转超导体 超导电流 磁场 半经典理论     

无序二维约瑟夫森结阵列中磁场引起的涡旋玻璃态相变

采用电阻阻错结的无序二维约瑟夫森结阵列模型,数值研究超导薄膜中垂直磁场引起的涡旋运动.通过分析磁场激发产生的涡旋度Ne及低频电压噪声S₀的变化特性,得到如下结论：在无序超导体中固定温度不变,随着磁场的减弱涡旋液态经过准有序的布拉格相,涡旋玻璃相重新进入到低磁场下的钉扎稀磁液相. 由于在涡旋玻璃相中,电流驱动下的噪声值表现出一个峰,表明系统处于无序与有序相互竞争的亚稳态,并且临界电流应有峰值效应. 计算得到噪声值的变化与Okuma等得到的无序超导Mo_xSi_1-x膜实验现象一致,并能解释磁场降低引起的重新进入钉扎的稀磁液相行为. 关键词： 约瑟夫森结阵列 磁通玻璃 重新进入 峰值效应     

超导线的表面区域处理提高其磁场下的输运能力

对超导体在外磁场中的特性进行了归纳,外磁场在超导体中有磁场穿透深度限制,超导体表面有超导壁垒效应和表面钉扎作用,造成了外磁场在超导线表层密度最大而芯部没有磁通穿过.表面钉扎和壁垒效应存在的竞争主要集中在表面刺入超导体的柱形空穴.为了提高超导线在外电场中的输运能力,在制备上常用提高钉扎性能,而这也有阻碍电流的作用,对超导线芯部区域没有提高钉扎作用的必要,反而因为它有害于电流传输.根据这些理论尝试设计出多层结构的超导线,内芯是致密的净超导体晶体结构,外面是与磁场穿透深度厚度相同的一层掺杂、取代等作用提高钉扎性能的外场渗透层,在超导材料表面与包套材料之间是纳米修饰或者其他手段提高表面钉扎能力的连接层,减少连接层的垂直超导线的柱形纳米空穴可提高壁垒效应.这种结构因为减少了常规制备中不考虑内部没有磁通而仍然有钉扎处理材料对载流子的散射作用,这种结构使超导线的输运能力得到了一定提高.     

体超导铟对一维锌超导纳米线超导电性的抑制效应

文章细致研究了超导体铟／一维锌超导纳米线阵列／超导体铟夹心结构的超导电性．实验发现，当锌纳米线的长度在2—6μm、直径等于40nm时，宏观尺寸的超导体铟电极对中间的锌纳米线的超导电性具有反常的抑制作用,即当铟处在超导态时，中间的锌纳米线则停留在正常态．如果施加一个磁场，使超导体铟电极变为正常态，锌纳米线则恢复其超导电性，这种奇异的现象与超导电极材料的类型及锌纳米线的直径和长度有关。     

均匀磁场中超导球的准静态磁化

在普通物理知识范围内,根据超导体的迈纳斯效应和磁场边值条件的唯一性,计算出了均匀外磁场中超导球表面的超导电流和磁场分布.     

薄介观超导环中的涡旋电荷分布

本文用Ginzburg-Landau理论研究在薄介观超导环中的涡旋电荷分布．对于巨涡旋态，我们发现随着外场的增加，内半径附近的电荷会从负号变为正号．本文表明，是顺磁迈斯纳效应和抗磁迈斯纳效应的竞争决定了涡旋电荷的分布．     

Vortex entry and nucleation of antivortices in a mesoscopic superconducting triangle

The nucleation of superconductivity in mesoscopic equilateral triangles is investigated by using the linearized Ginzburg-Landau equation (LGLE). The trigonal symmetry of the sample has a profound effect on the superconducting state in the presence of a magnetic field H leading, in particular, to the formation of antivortices in symmetry-consistent states. For the same given irreducible representation, vortices enter always by three via the middle of the edges, approach the center, and then are dispatched towards the corners of the triangle. The measured superconducting phase boundary T(c)(H) is in good agreement with the T(c)(H) line found from the LGLE.     

Mesoscopic samples: the superconducting condensate via the Gross-Pitaevskii scenario

Mesoscopic superconductors are routinely investigated with the Ginzburg-Landau equations, whereby the confinement is taken into account by imposing that the normal component of the superconducting current vanishes through the sample boundary. We argue that this approach gives misleading results when applied to micron- and submicron-sized devices, and we introduce modified Ginzburg-Landau equations that take the confinement potential into account on the level of the free energy functional. For devices much larger than the Ginzburg-Landau coherence length, both approaches agree, but deviations appear for samples of the scale of the coherence length. In the absence of a magnetic field, the modified Ginzburg-Landau equation for the order parameter reduces to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation.     

介观薄圆环中的间隙性超导

本文运用了唯象的Ginzburg-Landau 理论研究了介观薄圆环的间隙性超导, 给出了在外磁场作用下超导圆环出现间隙性超导现象的尺寸相图. 这种间隙性超导现象只出现在尺寸小圆环中, 而且是超导圆环区别于超导圆盘的一个特征.     

Dynamic and static phases of vortices under an applied drive in a superconducting stripe with an array of weak links

Static and dynamic properties of superconducting vortices in a superconducting stripe with a periodic array of weakly-superconducting (or normal metal) regions are studied in the presence of external magnetic and electric fields. The time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory is used to describe the electronic transport, where the anisotropy is included through the spatially-dependent critical temperature T _c . Superconducting vortices penetrating into the weak-superconducting region with smaller T _c are more mobile than the ones in the strong superconducting regions. We observe periodic entrance and exit of vortices which reside in the weak link for some short interval. The mobility of the weakly-pinned vortices can be reduced by increasing the uniform applied magnetic field leading to distinct features in the voltage vs. magnetic field response of the system.     

Maximizing critical currents in superconductors by optimization of normal inclusion properties

The movement of vortices in superconductors due to an applied current can induce a loss of perfect conductivity. Experimental observations show that material impurities can effectively prevent vortices from moving. In this paper, we provide numerical studies to investigate vortex pinning and critical currents through the use of an optimal control approach applied to a variant of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau model that can account for normal inclusions. The effects that the size and boundary of the sample and the number, size, shape, orientation, and location of the inclusion sites have on the critical current and vortex lattices are studied. In particular, the optimal control approach is used to determine the optimal properties of the impurities so as to maximize the critical current, i.e., the largest current that can pass through a superconductor without resistance.     

Vortex structure in superconductors with a many-component order parameter

Abstract

The phenomenological theory of superconductors with a many-component order parameter (OP) is developed. On the basis of a generalized Ginzburg-Landau functional, equations for a two-component-OP superconductor are derived. It is shown that such a superconductor is specified by three length dimensionality parameters—penetration depth λ, correlation length ζ, and width d of the boundary between two superconducting-phase domains. With λ ? d ? ζ, the equations for the OP of a superconductor in a magnetic field can be explored analytically. The transition from the superconducting to the mixed phase may occur not only by the formation of ordinary Abrikosov vortices, but also owing to vortices that have two cores, each transferring a half-integral flux quantum. The total flux transferred by a vortex certainly constitutes an integral quantum. The cores of such a dimer are interconnected by two domain walls, which exercise confinement within the dimer. The distance between the cores in the dimer is of the order of d. Within a domain wall that separates two superconducting-phase domains, a dimer may fall apart into two vortices with a half-integral flux quantum.

For many-component-OP superconductors in a magnetic field, vortex structures of a more complicated nature than a dimer may occur. An individual core may transfer a fractional flux quantum, but the structure as a whole transfers an integral flux quantum. Confinement of individual cores occurs owing to a complicated system of domain walls determined by the topological charges of these vortices.

Under certain conditions, on attaining field H _c1, vortices may arise first in the domain walls, carrying a fractional flux quantum, and then within the superconducting domains.     

Vortices in Landau-Ginzburg theories of anyonic superconductivity

We study in detail the structure and properties of vortices in a recently proposed effective Landau-Ginzburg theory of anyonic superconductivity. The theory is described by a Chern-Simons gauge theory interacting with a complex scalar field in a broken symmetry phase. We analyze the profiles for the magnetic field, charge density, electric fie]d and angular momentum in a wide range of parameters between the Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen and pure Chern-Simons limits. For small values of the statistical parameter the magnetic field nucleates near the normal core, but is localized away from the core and well into the superconducting region in the Chern-Simons limit. In all cases, the charge density, electric field and magnetic moment density are localized within a ring surrounding the normal core. The unusual properties and quantum numbers of these vortices are studied.     

The nature of the flux lattice in granular superconducting networks

By exploiting an analogy with electric circuit theory, we study the Ginzburg-Landau equations of a superconducting network in a uniform magnetic field. For the geometry of a Sierpinski gasket (which serves as a model of a granular superconductor close to the percolation threshold) general recursion relations are derived. By numerical evaluation we determine the distribution of vortices in the gasket and the resulting diamagnetic moment as a function of the applied field. The effect of the destruction of self similarity is also discussed.