水蒸汽对Mn-Na2WO4/SiO2催化剂上乙烷氧化脱氢的影响

在Ｍｎ－Ｎａ２ＷＯ４／ＳｉＯ２催化剂上,考察了水蒸汽对惭烷氧化掊氢制乙烯反应伯影响。结果表明加入适量水蒸汽对提高乙烯选择性有利。在催化剂装量１０ｍＬ,Ｖ（Ｃ２Ｈ６）：Ｖ（Ｏ２）：Ｖ（Ｈ２Ｏ）＝１：０．６５：３．８,ＧＨＳＶ＝１６００ｈ＾－１,７４０℃时,乙烯收率仍可以稳定在５２％以上,过多加入水蒸汽将使催化剂活性很快下降,反应后的催化剂经ＸＲＤ及ＸＰＳ表征表明,不仅单层Ｎａ２ＷＯ４有流失,而且载体     

甲烷氧化偶联Na-W-Mn/SiO2催化剂的喇曼光谱

By calcinating commercial silica gel at 1500℃or adding Na2C2O4 and then calcinating at 850℃,α-cristobalite was formed. On the basis of the vibration spectroscopy of silica support, Na-W-Mn/SiO2 catalyst was characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the structure of support and the interaction among metal components have significant effect on the dispersion and the structure of metal sites, and the tetrahedrally coordinated [WO4] formed on α-cristobalite surface is the most possible site of methane activation with high C2 selectivity.     

对甲烷氧化偶联W—Mn／SiO2催化剂Na2WO4的流失及其影响的考察

用ＸＲＤ，ＦＴ－ＩＲ，ＥＳＲ，Ｈ２－ＴＰＲ和ＴＯＰ等方法，对Ｎａ２ＷＯ４Ｍｎ２Ｏ３／ＳｉＯ２催化剂和其经水煮处理的一系列样品进行一表征。实验发现该催化剂中的结晶态ＮａＷＯ４易于流失，单层分布的Ｎａ２ＷＯ４在苛刻的处理条件下也有可能流失。     

2%Mn2O3-5%Na2WO4/SiO2催化剂上的甲烷氧化偶联反应动力学

在Ｍｎ２Ｏ３－Ｎａ２ＷＯ４／ＳｉＯ２催化剂上的甲烷氧化偶联反应可用Ｒｉｄｅａｌ－ｒｅｄｏｘ机理描述，它包括均相及多相两个步骤。甲基自由基的生成是一个多相过程，Ｃ２烃的生成是一个均相过程。催化剂的活性同氧化速率和ＣＨ４与表面氧种的反应速率有关，Ｃ２烃的选择性与甲基自由基氧化速率常数和甲基自由基偶联速率常数的比值有关，这些常数均可从实验中求得。     

水蒸汽对Mn-Na2WO4/SiO2催化剂上乙烷氧化脱氢的影响

水蒸汽对Mn-Na2WO4/SiO2催化剂上乙烷氧化脱氢的影响     

甲烷氧化偶联Na-W-Mn/SiO2催化剂的喇曼光谱

Ｎａ Ｗ Ｍｎ／ＳｉＯ２ 是甲烷氧化偶联反应的最好催化剂之一．该体系不仅具有良好的活化甲烷能力和Ｃ２ 烃选择性,且具有较好的稳定性并适合于加压反应 ［１ -３］．对于该催化剂,我们用不同的表征手段做了大量的研究,对各组分的作用及甲烷的活化机理都有了较深入的认识．我们也曾用Ｒａｍａｎ光谱对该体系进行过研究［４,５］,但由于焙烧过程中载体结构及伴随的振动光谱变化,使谱峰的解析出现错误,将载体结构变化出现的新峰归属成了钨氧四面体的畸变．最近我们在确认载体振动光谱及其变化的基础上又对该体系进行了细致的研究,确…     

Ce-promoted Mn/Na2WO4/SiO2 catalyst for oxidative coupling of methane at atmospheric pressure

A series of Ce-promoted Mn-Na2WO4/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method, and their catalytic performance for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) was investigated at atmospheric pressure in a micro-quartz-tube reactor. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature program reduction (TPR) and BET surface area. Ce promoter increased surface area and Na2WO4 species dispersion, which enriched the amount of the surface species. In addition, Ce promoter in...     

Reaction Chemistry of W—Mn／SiO2 Catalyst for the Oxidative Coupling of Methane

Reaction chemistry of the OCM reaction on W-Mn/SiO2 catalyst has been reviewed in this account.Initial activity and selectivity,stability in a long-term reaction,reaction at elevated pressures and a modelling test in a stainless-steel fluidized-bed reactor show that W-Mn/SiO2 has promising performance for the development of an OCM process that directly produces ethylene from natural gas.A study on surface catalytic reaction kinetics and used cataly st structure characterization revealed a possible reason why C2 and COx selectivity changed during the long-term reaction.Further improvement of the catalyst composition and preparation metbod should be a future direction of study on OCM reaction over W-Mn/SiO2 catalyst.     

Oxidative coupling of methane over BaCl2-TiO2-SnO2 catalyst

The performance of BaCl2-TiO2-SnO2 composite catalysts in oxidative coupling of methane reaction has been investigated. A series of BaCl2-TiO2, BaCl2-SnO2, TiO2-SnO2, and BaCl2-TiO2-SnO2 catalysts were prepared, and characterized by BET, XRD, XPS, CO2-TPD and H2-TPR, respectively. The synergistic effect among BaCl2, SnO2 and TiO2 compositions enhances the catalytic performance. The best C2 selectivity and ethylene yield are obtained on the catalyst with the equal molar amount of the three compositions (BaCl2 : TiO2 : SnO2 molar ratio of 1 : 1 : 1). The optimal reaction conditions are as follows: 800°C, 44 mL·min-1 for methane, 22 mL·min-1 for oxygen and a space velocity of 5000 mL·h-1 g-1, and the C2H4 yield over the catalyst is 20.1% with the CH4 conversion of 43.8% and C2 selectivity of 53.3%.     

Scale up and stability test for oxidative coupling of methane over Na2WO4-Mn/SiO2 catalyst in a 200 ml fixed-bed reactor

The study of scale up for the oxidative coupling of methane （OCM） has been carried out in a 200 ml stainless steel fixed-bed reactor over a 5wt% Na2WO4-1.9wt% Mn/SiO2 （W-Mn/SiO2） catalyst. The effects of reaction conditions were investigated in detail. The results showed that, with increasing reaction temperature, the gas-phase reaction was enhanced and a significant amount of methane was converted into COx; with the CH4/O2 molar ratio of 5, the highest C2 （ethylene and ethane） yield of 25% was achieved; the presence of steam （as diluent） had a positive effect on the C2 selectivity and yield. Under lower methane gaseous hourly space velocity （GHSV）, higher selectivity and yield of C2 were obtained as the result of the decrease of released heat energy. In 100 h reaction time, the C2 selectivity of 66%-61% and C2 yield of 24.2%-25.4% were achieved by a single pass without any significant loss in catalytic performance.     

硫酸钠对Mn/SiO2催化剂结构及其甲烷氧化偶联反应性能的影响

 采用等体积浸渍法制备了Na2SO4改性的Mn/SiO2催化剂,考察了Mn-Na2SO4/SiO2催化剂中各组分对甲烷氧化偶联合成C2产物(C2H4+C2H6)的影响,并采用X射线衍射、 X射线光电子能谱、 Raman光谱和程序升温还原等手段表征了催化剂中的物相结构、表面组分价态与含量以及氧化还原性能. 结果表明,在Mn/SiO2催化剂中添加Na2SO4可使载体SiO2由无定形转变为α-方石英相,使催化剂表面的Mn物种由Mn3O4转变为Mn2O3, 从而大大提高了甲烷转化率和目标产物C2的选择性. 因此,推测Mn2O3物种在反应条件下构成了甲烷氧化偶联反应的活性中心.     

等离子体条件Cu/SiO2对甲烷偶联的催化作用

It has been reported that methane coupling by plasma techniques with catalysts, such as direct current corona discharge with a Sr/La2O3 catalyst[1], dielectric-barrier discharge with zeolites[2] and pulsed corona discharge with metal oxide catalysts[3], give C2 hydrocarbons under atmospheric pressure. But acetylene predominates over other C2 hydrocarbons in the products. Our recent work reported that good results can be obtained for methane coupling under a pulsed corona plasma in the presence of hydrogen[4]. The addition of hydrogen improves the conversion of methane and the yield of C2 hydrocarbons. A methane conversion of 57.1% and a yield of C2 hydrocarbons of 43.4% were obtained at lower power, but acetylene was inevitably the main product. With the introduction of a Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by a cold plasma into the plasma reaction, the distribution of C2 hydrocarbons changed, and the content of C2H4 was 66.1%[5].     

甲烷氧化偶联W-Mn/SiO2催化剂上O2-脉冲频率效应(PFE)的研究

采用频率脉冲反应方法,以Mn-Na2WO4/S iO2催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联为探针反应,通过实时、原位的四极质谱检测手段,研究氧物种对甲烷C-H键选择性活化的微观历程.首次发现了Mn-Na2WO4/S iO2催化剂上O2-脉冲频率效应,即脉冲反应产物量随氧脉冲注入频率的增加而增加.研究结果表明,在反应条件下,Mn-Na2WO4/S iO2催化剂上有两种活化甲烷的氧物种同时存在,它们活化甲烷的方式不同。     

Kinetic studies of the oxidative coupling of methane over the Mn/Na2WO4/SiO2 catalyst

Oxidative coupling of methane is a direct way to obtain C2 hydrocarbon,and Mn-Na-W/SiO2 catalyst is the most promising among all the catalysts.The 2%Mn/5%Na2WO4/SiO2 catalyst was prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method.A 7-step heterogeneous reaction model of the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons was conducted by co-feeding methane and oxygen at a total pressure of 1 bar over the catalyst.The kinetic measurements were carried out in a micro-catalytic fixed bed reactor.The kinetic data were obtained at the appropriate range of reaction conditions (4 kPa＜Po2 ＜20 kPa,20 kPa＜PCZH4 ＜80 kPa,800℃＜T＜900℃).The proposed reaction kinetic scheme consists of three primary and four consecutive reaction steps.The conversions of hydrocarbons and carbon oxides were evaluated by applying Langrnuir-Hinshelwood type rate equations.Power-law rate equation was applied only for the water-gas shift reaction.In addition,the effects of operating conditions on the reaction rate were studied.The proposed kinetic model can predict the conversion of methane and oxygen as well as the yield of C2 hydrocarbons and carbon oxides with an average accuracy of ±15%.     

氧化镧催化剂上的低温甲烷氧化偶联反应

 采用沉淀法制备了氧化镧催化剂,并考察其催化低温甲烷氧化偶联反应的性能. 催化剂性能测试结果表明,在723 K, CH4/O2摩尔比=3和GHSV=7500 ml/(g·h)的条件下,甲烷的转化率和C2的选择性分别达26.6%和40.8%, 比商品化氧化镧催化剂的启动温度低100 K. 催化剂的表征结果表明,沉淀法制备的氧化镧催化剂与商品化的氧化镧催化剂都为六方晶相的氧化镧,但前者具有较大的比表面积,并且在598 K处出现一个明显的O2脱附峰.     

CeO2-W-Mn/SiO2催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联反应性能的研究

报道了CeO_2-W-Mn/SiO_2催化剂常压和加压条件下的甲烷氧化偶联反应性能, 详细考察了反应条件对CeO_2-W-Mn/SiO_2催化剂反应性能的影响. 结果表明, CeO_2-W-Mn/SiO_2催化剂具有优异的催化活性, 常压下可得到29.7%的甲烷转化率和81.3%的C_2烃选择性, 低温活性高, 于710 ℃可得到甲烷转化率11.4%和C_2烃选择性86.7%的结果;该催化剂适宜于加压条件下的甲烷氧化偶联反应, 0.6 MPa下可获得37.2%的甲烷转化率和73.8%的C_2烃选择性. 催化剂表征结果显示CeO_2的加入增强了W-Mn/SiO_2催化剂的储氧能力.