隧道二次衬砌监测的非线性回归分析研究

隧道二次衬砌性能劣化是影响隧道健康运营的主要病害,利用光纤通信技术对二次衬砌进行结构安全性分析,是保证隧道工程健康运营的重要手段。以埋入式光纤Bragg光栅应变传感器对田心隧道二次衬砌监测的实际数据为依据,选择最佳的典型函数模型对隧道的监测数据进行非线性回归分析,得出能够反映应变发展变化趋势的回归曲线,预测支护结构(监测点)的应变趋势,判断支护效果,对隧道支护结构当前的和最终的稳定性进行分析,从而实现对隧道结构部的稳定性判断。     

隧道二次衬砌监测的非线性回归分析研究

隧道二次衬砌性能劣化是影响隧道健康运营的主要病害,利用光纤通信技术对二次衬砌进行结构安全性分析,是保证隧道工程健康运营的重要手段。以埋入式光纤Bragg光栅应变传感器对田心隧道二次衬砌监测的实际数据为依据,选择最佳的典型函数模型对隧道的监测数据进行非线性回归分析,得出能够反映应变发展变化趋势的回归曲线,预测支护结构(监测点)的应变趋势,判断支护效果,对隧道支护结构当前的和最终的稳定性进行分析,从而实现对隧道结构部的稳定性判断。     

掘进爆破过程中巷道顶板离层位移的光纤监测

掌握顶板离层的状态,对及时采取相应的措施阻止顶板失稳,避免突发性破坏具有重要意义。基于拉伸弹簧和悬臂梁组成的复合结构,煤矿发生顶板离层时,传动杆带动弹簧发生形变,弹簧拉动自由端的等强度悬臂梁发生挠度变化,粘贴于等强度悬臂梁上的光栅发生波长移位,实现对煤矿离层的测量。在试点处安装了四只光纤Bragg光栅位移传感器,分别位于煤矿巷道顶部,每个监测点间隔2m,监测结果表明:在监测的一段时间内四只传感器共出现三次数据突变。在2013年1月21日-2013年1月22日的监测时间内发生爆破施工,爆破对巷道围岩产生扰动作用,引起传感器在发生爆破时出现数据突变,监测的传感器表明,最大位移变化量分别为4.04mm,1.67mm,2.77mm。能实时反映爆破掘进对煤矿巷道顶板离层的变化趋势。     

隧道围岩压力监测的非线性回归分析研究

隧道围岩压力的变化是导致公路隧道岩块错动、掉块、甚至塌方的重要因素。结合田心隧道工程,将一种可以把压力转变成光纤Bragg光栅波长移位的FBG土压力传感器应用于隧道围岩压力的监测;将40支土压力传感器安装在20个代表性断面中。采用非线性回归分析统计方法对隧道的量测数据进行分析,比较了监测数据的处理分析方法,选取最优的非线性回归分析模型。监测数据与回归拟合数据分析表明,非线性回归分析预测方法不仅可以反映隧道围岩变形和压力变化过程,还能根据其变化趋势进行结构异常判断。     

薄板挠曲型光纤Bragg光栅土压力传感器设计与分析

根据土压力传感器与土介质的匹配原则,设计了一种圆平膜片薄板挠曲型FBG土压力传感器。通过在圆膜片上设计一组对称的光栅固定柱,有效避免了传感器在使用过程中产生谱峰分裂。同时,利用光栅固定柱张角引起的应变效应,大幅度地提高了传感器的压力灵敏度。理论分析了该结构的增敏机理并给出传感器灵敏度公式,计算结果表明,传感器的压力灵敏度可达1 374.3 pm/MPa。使用ANSYS建立薄板挠曲的有限元模型,通过提取固定柱中心点处在光纤方向上的位移,获得了有限元模型的压力灵敏度为1 360.8 pm/MPa。有限元分析和理论设计结果的相对误差为0.98%,具有很高的一致度,验证了理论设计和分析的正确性。     

槽式太阳能电站集热管热性能测试及回归分析

利用热平衡法对桑普生产的槽式太阳能电站集热管的热性能进行了实验测试。实验结果显示,集热管内金属吸热管温度为143.6℃、200.9℃、267.2℃和290.3℃时,集热管的漏热量为21.2 W/m、39.8 W/m、50 5 W/m、88.8 W/m。根据集热管漏热的热物理过程,提出了H=f(T_(abs),T_(amb))=aT_(abs)~4+bT_(amb)~4b+cT_(amb)形式的回归模型,并对所测试真空管漏热量进行了回归分析,得到漏热量的回归数学表达式H=9.376×10~(-10)T_(abs)~4-8.685×10~(-10)T_(amb)~4-2.309×10~(-7)T_(amb)将回归模型应用于美国国家可再生能源实验室所测试的两种集热管,回归值与实验值符合较好,说明所提出的回归模型较合理。     

工作曲线法和偏最小二乘回归分析在XRF定量分析软玉样品中的应用

由于块状固体标准玉石样品的缺乏, 造成了便携式X射线荧光分析技术(pXRF)利用工作曲线法对玉石文物样品进行无损定量分析的困难。试图寻找一种pXRF可采用, 但不需要块状固体玉石标准样品的定量分析方法。选取24件软玉样品, 其中17件为校准样品, 7件为测试样品。所有软玉样品利用质子激发X射线荧光分析技术(PIXE)获得定量分析结果。根据校准软玉样品的PIXE定量分析结果建立兴趣元素的工作曲线, 利用工作曲线对测试软玉样品进行定量分析;然后, 利用pXRF对所有软玉样品进行定性分析, 获得其定性分析图谱, 利用校准软玉样品的定性分析图谱和PIXE定量分析结果, 采用最小偏二乘法对测试软玉样品兴趣元素含量进行分析。最后, 将工作曲线法、PLS方法和PIXE的定量分析结果进行了相互对比。通过误差分析, 评估了工作曲线法和PLS方法定量分析软玉样品的精确度。结果表明, PLS方法可以代替工作曲线法对玉石类样品进行定量分析。     

工作曲线法和偏最小二乘回归分析在XRF定量分析软玉样品中的应用

由于块状固体标准玉石样品的缺乏,造成了便携式X射线荧光分析技术(pXRF)利用工作曲线法对玉石文物样品进行无损定量分析的困难。试图寻找一种pXRF可采用,但不需要块状固体玉石标准样品的定量分析方法。选取24件软玉样品,其中17件为校准样品,7件为测试样品。所有软玉样品利用质子激发X射线荧光分析技术(PIXE)获得定量分析结果。根据校准软玉样品的PIXE定量分析结果建立兴趣元素的工作曲线,利用工作曲线对测试软玉样品进行定量分析;然后,利用pXRF对所有软玉样品进行定性分析,获得其定性分析图谱,利用校准软玉样品的定性分析图谱和PIXE定量分析结果,采用最小偏二乘法对测试软玉样品兴趣元素含量进行分析。最后,将工作曲线法、PLS方法和PIXE的定量分析结果进行了相互对比。通过误差分析,评估了工作曲线法和PLS方法定量分析软玉样品的精确度。结果表明,PLS方法可以代替工作曲线法对玉石类样品进行定量分析。     

Electrohydrodynamic stability of a fluid layer

Summary The electrohydrodynamic stability of a fluid layer bounded from above and below by two different fluids is studied. The dielectric fluids are stressed by gravity force and tangential electric field. It is shown that the two interfaces are governed by two simultaneous second-order differential equations. Stability conditions for the interfaces are obtained. The tangential field plays a stabilizing role and can be used to suppress the instability of the system at a given wave number. Some special cases are also discussed.

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Riassunto Si studia la stabilità elettrodinamica di uno strato di fluido limitato dall'alto e dal basso da due fluidi diversi. I fluidi dielettrici sono evidenziati dalla forza di gravità e dal campo elettrico tangente. Si mostra che le due interfaccie sono regolate da due equazioni differenziali simultanee di second'ordine. Si ottengono condizioni di stabilità per le interfacce. Il campo tangente svolge un ruolo stabilizzante e può essere usato per sopprimere l'instabilità del sistema ad un definito numero d'onde. Si discutono anche alcuni casi speciali.

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Резюме Исследуется электрогидродинамическая устойчивость слоя жидкости, расположенного между двумя различными жидкостями. Диэлектрические жидкости подвергаются действию гравитационной силы и тангенциального электрического поля. Показывается, что две границы раздела определяются двумя совместными дифференциальными уравнениями второго порядка. Получаются условия устойчивости границ. Тангенциальное поле играет стабилизируюшую роль и может быть использовано для подавления неустойчивости системы при заданном волновом числе. Также обсуждаются некоторые специальные случаи.

     

Fiber-wireless (FiWi) access network: Performance evaluation and scalability analysis of the physical layer

The fiber-wireless (FiWi) access network is a prestigious architecture for next generation (NG) access network. NG access networks are proposed to provide high data rate, broadband multiple services, scalable bandwidth, and flexible communication for manifold wireless end-users (WEUs). In this paper, the FiWi access network is designed based on a wavelengths division multiplexing/time division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM/TDM PON) at the optical backhaul with data rate of 2.5 Gb/s and wireless fidelity-worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiFi–WiMAX) technologies at the wireless front-end along a 50 m–5 km wireless links with data rate of 54–30 Mb/s, respectively. The performance of the optical backhaul and the wireless front-end, in the proposed FiWi access network, has been evaluated in terms of bit error rate (BER), error vector magnitude (EVM), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the physical (PHY) layer. The scalability of the optical backhaul based on maximum split ratio of 1/32 for each wavelength channel and a fiber length of 24 km from the central office (CO) to the access point (AP) is analyzed with bit error rate (BER) of 10⁻⁹.     

煤矿巷道采空区煤自燃导致的温度变化在线监测研究

采空区煤自燃在矿井火灾中约占70%,50%以上国有煤矿矿井存在煤层自燃发火危险,因此对采空区温度进行在线监测十分重要。一种把煤矿巷道温度变化转变成光纤Bragg光栅波长移位的温度传感器被应用于煤矿巷道的温度检测。根据朱仙庄煤矿巷道煤层分布及煤粉扩散的特点,在煤矿巷道顶部沿巷道方向每隔2m进行分布式安装本安型光纤Bragg光栅温度传感器,实现了对采空区温度实时监测。     

围岩压力在煤矿爆破中的光纤在线监测

围岩压力状况的在线实时监测,特别是在煤矿爆破过程中,对及时采取安全支护措施和预防顶板失稳具有重要意义。利用ANSYS有限元仿真分析顶板的受力分布,将一种双膜式光纤Bragg光栅土压力传感器通过全锚锚杆使传感器均匀地承接来自直接顶的压力作用。在试点处,通过螺母与锚杆伸出端的螺纹连接,用托盘将土压力传感器紧紧顶靠在围岩顶板上。采集数据显示,监测数据的曲线走势出现三次峰值突变,分别为128kPa、87kPa和134kPa,反映出煤矿爆破对围岩压力产生的扰动作用。实现了在爆破过程中对围岩压力的实时监测,为进一步的顶板失稳预报提供了可靠的数据支持。     

Influence of porous-coating thickness on the stability and transition of flat-plate supersonic boundary layer

In the present study, we examined, both experimentally and theoretically, the influence of porouscoating thickness on the stability and laminar-turbulent transition of flat-plate supersonic boundary layer at free-stream Mach number M_∞ = 2. A qualitative agreement between the data calculated by the linear theory of stability and the experimental data on the transition obtained for models with different porous-coating thicknesses was established. We show that with decreasing (within a certain interval) the porouscoating thickness the boundary layer becomes more stable to perturbations, and the laminar-turbulent transition, more delayed.     

The electric double layer effect on the microchannel flow stability and heat transfer

The effect of the electric double layer (EDL) on the linear stability of Poiseuille planar channel flow is reported. It is shown that the EDL destabilises the linear modes, and that the critical Reynolds number decreases significantly when the thickness of the double layer becomes comparable with the height of the channel. First results coming from direct numerical simulations on the non-linear effects show also that the by-pass transition is much more rapid in the presence of EDL. There is an acceptable qualitative correspondence between the estimated transitional Reynolds numbers and some experiments, showing that early transition is plausible in microchannels under some conditions. Several questions remain however unanswered such as the surface conduction effect on EDL.     

Improving the stability of organic light-emitting devices using a solution-processed hole-injecting layer

The stability of organic light-emitting devices with a spin-coated film of 4,4′,4″-tris(3-methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA) as hole-injection layer (HIL) was investigated. The lifetime of this device is increased to 40 900 h (with an initial luminance of 100 cd/m²), which is 2.7 times as large as that of the control device with a vacuum-deposited film of m-MTDATA as HIL. A significant feature with this method is that the performance and the operational stability of the device with spin-coated HIL are little attenuated by the rough substrate coated by the indium-tin oxide film. The surface morphology of the solution-processed m-MTDATA thin film is quite even and uniform, and it acts as a smoothing layer in the device, which leads to the stability enhancement of the device.