点阵列标定模板图像特征点提取方法

在摄像机标定过程中,提取标定模板图像特征点的精度是影响摄像机内外参数标定精度的重要因素。本文根据条纹投影三维轮廓测量实验系统的要求制作了点阵列标定模板,在图像处理边缘理论的基础上,以圆的解析特性为依据,采用坐标转换思想,引进圆系描述点、圆对应关系,运用统计学理论,提出提取点阵列标定模板图像特征点的新方法,并通过实验验证了该方法的正确性和可行性。为下一步的摄像机内外参数求解做了铺垫。     

基于法线引导的激光中心线提取方法

在线结构光三维测量系统中,高精度激光条纹中心线提取是提高测量精度的关键。针对现有激光中心线存在提取精度不高、保留细节差等问题,提出了一种基于法线引导的激光中心线提取算法。该算法具体实现步骤为:首先,对图像进行预处理,结合边缘检测和几何中心法对激光线初步提取;然后,用主成分分析法(principal component analysis,PCA)求取其法线,在激光中心点处划分角度八邻域,通过法线角度引导搜寻有效点集;最后,利用灰度重心法对点集进行亚像素提取。实验结果表明:该算法均方根误差与灰度重心法相比提高了0.233 9像素,比Steger算法、方向模板法更好地保留了光条细节,可以更精确地提取光条中心,达到亚像素级的精度。     

航空航天装配基准孔鲁棒性精确检测方法

提出了一种鲁棒性基准孔检测方法。通过显著性检测对图像进行预处理,获得显著图,利用Hough圆检测算法提取显著图中基准孔感兴趣区域;基于双阈值进行轮廓分割,并利用主成分分析提取基准孔像素级轮廓,然后使用Bazen方法提取基准孔亚像素轮廓;基于随机采样一致性（RANSAC）原理实现基准孔高精度定位。实验结果表明,该算法的拟合精度高,对真实基准孔的定位误差为0.027 mm,检测性能优良,对于反光、刀具痕迹、光照不均匀、带倒角螺纹孔、内嵌轮廓、遮挡等情况下的基准孔检测仍具有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于激光透射法测量平板玻璃的厚度

为实现平板玻璃厚度的非接触检测,采用透射法由线激光光源组成双向对称的测量光路,以线阵CCD作为传感器,采用USB图像采集卡实时提取图像,根据自适应边界阈值定位,通过灰度重心法提取目标像素中心.结果表明该方法厚度测量值在误差允许范围内,满足测量要求.     

摄像机标定中栅格型标定点的亚像素提取的研究

介绍了一种新的摄像机标定用栅格型靶标标定点亚像素的提取方法。该方法先利用一个基于Hessian矩阵的形状算子判定栅格点的像素位置,然后对栅格点邻近区域内的图像灰度函数进行二阶泰勒展开,并通过计算该灰度曲面的局部极小值点来确定栅格中心点的亚像素位置。相对于传统的直线拟合求交点的方法,该算法计算过程简单,且具有较高的提取精度。     

基于图像处理的莫尔条纹测量的CCD亚像素标定

 Talbot-Moiré技术是目前长焦距测量研究的热点。利用Talbot-Moiré技术测量长焦距时,很多都需要测量莫尔条纹的宽度或斜率,而CCD的标定精度直接影响测量精度,因此需要对CCD精确标定。文中提出采用光栅作为系统的自基准进行标定,再用图像处理的方法标定CCD。为了检验该方法的精度,在MATLAB中生成一个标准条纹图案,用图像处理和灰度拟合对其进行亚像素定位。经过对标准条纹的标定,验证了采用该文的定位方法条纹中心定位误差小于0.1个像素。最后用光栅为自基准标定了CCD,并与量块的标定结果进行了对比,证明该文的标定方法不但简单可行,而且精度较高。     

基于傅里叶条纹分析的多摄像机标定方法

提出一种新的摄像机标定方法,该方法基于2D共面参照物摄像机标定方法和傅里叶条纹分析方法.将已知相位分布的平面二维正弦灰度调制条纹图作为平面标定靶,通过傅里叶条纹分析方法计算出两个截断正交相位分布,利用截断正交相位分布并结合二维正弦条纹图特点提取相应的图像特征点,建立像素坐标与2D平面坐标的对应关系.将该二维平面靶在摄像机成像空间中放置不同的位置,并完成相应的特征点提取,根据2D共面参照物摄像机标定方法即可完成摄像机标定.该方法利用平面相位测量的高准确度来提高标定特征点的提取准确度,从而提高标定准确度.实验对双摄像机系统进行了标定,标定后该系统对标定靶进行测量,标准偏差达到0.010 mm.     

基于点阵标定板的视觉测量系统的标定方法EI北大核心CSCD

在应用机器视觉技术进行测量时,测量系统的像素当量、系统误差和光源强度等因素均会对测量精度造成影响,因此必须对像素当量和系统误差进行标定,并分析光源强度对工件图像边缘位置的影响。提出一种基于点阵标定板的视觉测量系统综合标定方法,在提取标定圆圆心坐标的基础上,计算圆心距物理尺寸和像素尺寸的比值,得到像素当量;建立圆心实际坐标和理论坐标的二元三次误差模型,并利用最小二乘法拟合求解误差模型系数;通过确定光源强度引起的图像边缘位置误差补偿量,实现测量系统的综合标定。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效提高系统的测量精度。     

结构光三维测量系统标定的关键算法研究

系统参数标定是结构光三维测量系统的关键问题之一,标定板特征圆圆心检测精度与投影仪、相机镜头gamma效应引起的相位误差是系统参数标定的主要误差来源。采用Sobel算子粗定位标定板特征圆的边缘点,以正交傅里叶-马林矩(OFMM)算子对边缘点进行亚像素定位,用椭圆拟合法确定特征圆圆心的方法提高标定板特征圆检测精度。同时,推导结构光三维测量系统gamma非线性数学模型,将计算得到的系统gamma值的倒数作为投影正弦光栅的指数以降低gamma效应引起的相位误差。实验结果证明了该方法的准确性,与不采用亚像素边缘检测与gamma校正相比,X、Y方向的标定精度分别提高约3.5倍与5倍。     

船用星敏感器星点质心精确提取方法

从星空图像中提取星点质心是星敏感器工作的重要基础,针对船用星敏感器所获取的星空图像噪声情况复杂的特点,提出一种基于重心法的星点质心精确提取方法。通过块扫描的阈值分割和星象连续性的噪点剔除,引入灰度信息参考的星象提取以及重心法质心坐标计算等步骤,从星空图像中提取星点质心。对于30幅海上实拍星图实验,该方法能够100%提取出至少10颗星点,质心坐标提取精度达到1/20像素,并且可以实现对视频图像的实时处理,满足船用星敏感器的应用需求。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.