Absolutely convergent fourier series. An improvement of the Beurling-Helson theorem

We consider the space A(\mathbbT)A(\mathbb{T}) of all continuous functions f on the circle \mathbbT\mathbb{T} such that the sequence of Fourier coefficients [^(f)] = { [^(f)]( k ), k ? \mathbbZ }\hat f = \left\{ {\hat f\left( k \right), k \in \mathbb{Z}} \right\} belongs to l ¹(ℤ). The norm on A(\mathbbT)A(\mathbb{T}) is defined by || f ||_A(\mathbbT) = || [^(f)] ||_{l¹ (\mathbbZ)}\left\| f \right\|_{A(\mathbb{T})} = \left\| {\hat f} \right\|_{l^1 (\mathbb{Z})}. According to the well-known Beurling-Helson theorem, if f:\mathbbT ? \mathbbT\phi :\mathbb{T} \to \mathbb{T} is a continuous mapping such that || e^inf ||_A(\mathbbT) = O(1)\left\| {e^{in\phi } } \right\|_{A(\mathbb{T})} = O(1), n ∈ ℤ then φ is linear. It was conjectured by Kahane that the same conclusion about φ is true under the assumption that || e^inf ||_A(\mathbbT) = o( log| n | )\left\| {e^{in\phi } } \right\|_{A(\mathbb{T})} = o\left( {\log \left| n \right|} \right). We show that if $\left\| {e^{in\phi } } \right\|_{A(\mathbb{T})} = o\left( {\left( {{{\log \log \left| n \right|} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\log \log \left| n \right|} {\log \log \log \left| n \right|}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\log \log \log \left| n \right|}}} \right)^{1/12} } \right)$\left\| {e^{in\phi } } \right\|_{A(\mathbb{T})} = o\left( {\left( {{{\log \log \left| n \right|} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\log \log \left| n \right|} {\log \log \log \left| n \right|}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\log \log \log \left| n \right|}}} \right)^{1/12} } \right), then φ is linear.     

Integral points on quadrics with prime coordinates

Let f (x ₁, . . . , x _s ) be a regular indefinite integral quadratic form, and t an integer. Denote by V the affine quadric {x : f (x) = t}, and by \({V(\mathbb {P})}\) the set of \({{\bf x}\in V}\) whose coordinates are simultaneously prime. It is proved that, under suitable conditions, \({V(\mathbb{P})}\) is Zariski dense in V as long as s ≥ 10.     

Spectral theorem for multipliers on {L_{\omega}^{2}(\mathbb{R})}

We study the spectrum σ(M) of the multipliers M which commute with the translations on weighted spaces ${L_{\omega}^{2}(\mathbb{R})}We study the spectrum σ(M) of the multipliers M which commute with the translations on weighted spaces L_w²(\mathbbR){L_{\omega}^{2}(\mathbb{R})} For operators M in the algebra generated by the convolutions with f ? C_c(\mathbb R){\phi \in {C_c(\mathbb {R})}} we show that [`(m(W))] = s(M){\overline{\mu(\Omega)} = \sigma(M)}, where the set Ω is determined by the spectrum of the shift S and μ is the symbol of M. For the general multipliers M we establish that [`(m(W))]{\overline{\mu(\Omega)}} is included in σ(M). A generalization of these results is given for the weighted spaces L²_w(\mathbb R^k){L^2_{\omega}(\mathbb {R}^{k})} where the weight ω has a special form.     

Well-Posedness of Fractional Differential Equations on Vector-Valued Function Spaces

We study the well-posedness of the fractional differential equations with infinite delay (P ₂): D^a u(t)=Au(t)+ò^t_-￥a(t-s)Au(s)ds + f(t), (0 ￡ t ￡ 2p){D^\alpha u(t)=Au(t)+\int^{t}_{-\infty}a(t-s)Au(s)ds + f(t), (0\leq t \leq2\pi)}, where A is a closed operator in a Banach space ${X, \alpha > 0, a\in {L}^1(\mathbb{R}_+)}${X, \alpha > 0, a\in {L}^1(\mathbb{R}_+)} and f is an X-valued function. Under suitable assumptions on the parameter α and the Laplace transform of a, we completely characterize the well-posedness of (P ₂) on Lebesgue-Bochner spaces L^p(\mathbbT, X){L^p(\mathbb{T}, X)} and periodic Besov spaces B _p,q^s(\mathbbT, X){{B} _{p,q}^s(\mathbb{T}, X)} .     

The affine preservers of non-singular matrices

When \mathbbK{\mathbb{K}} is an arbitrary field, we study the affine automorphisms of M_n(\mathbbK){{\rm M}_n(\mathbb{K})} that stabilize GL_n(\mathbbK){{\rm GL}_n(\mathbb{K})}. Using a theorem of Dieudonné on maximal affine subspaces of singular matrices, this is easily reduced to the known case of linear preservers when n > 2 or # ${\mathbb{K} > 2}${\mathbb{K} > 2}. We include a short new proof of the more general Flanders theorem for affine subspaces of M_p,q(\mathbbK){{\rm M}_{p,q}(\mathbb{K})} with bounded rank. We also find that the group of affine transformations of M₂(\mathbbF₂){{\rm M}_2(\mathbb{F}_2)} that stabilize GL₂(\mathbbF₂){{\rm GL}_2(\mathbb{F}_2)} does not consist solely of linear maps. Using the theory of quadratic forms over \mathbbF₂{\mathbb{F}_2}, we construct explicit isomorphisms between it, the symplectic group Sp₄(\mathbbF₂){{\rm Sp}_4(\mathbb{F}_2)} and the symmetric group \mathfrakS₆{\mathfrak{S}_6}.     

Numerical verification of condition for approximately midconvex functions

Let X be a normed space and V be a convex subset of X. Let a\colon \mathbbR₊ ? \mathbbR₊{\alpha \colon \mathbb{R}_+ \to \mathbb{R}_+}. A function f \colon V ? \mathbbR{f \colon V \to \mathbb{R}} is called α-midconvex if

Projective Freeness of Algebras of Real Symmetric Functions

Let \mathbb Dⁿ:={z=(z₁,?, z_n) ? \mathbb Cⁿ:|z_j| < 1,   j=1,?, n}{\mathbb {D}^n:=\{z=(z_1,\ldots, z_n)\in \mathbb {C}^n:|z_j| < 1, \;j=1,\ldots, n\}}, and let [`(\mathbbD)]ⁿ{\overline{\mathbb{D}}^n} denote its closure in \mathbb Cⁿ{\mathbb {C}^n}. Consider the ring

On the Translates of Powers of a Continuous Periodic Function

We characterize the set of real-valued, 2π -periodic, continuous functions f for which the translation invariant subspace V(f) generated by f ⁿ , n≥0, is dense in C(\mathbbT)C(\mathbb{T}). In particular, it follows that if f takes a given value at only one point then V(f) is dense in C(\mathbbT)C(\mathbb{T}).     

New Besov-type spaces and Triebel–Lizorkin-type spaces including Q spaces

Let ${s,\,\tau\in\mathbb{R}}Let s, t ? \mathbbR{s,\,\tau\in\mathbb{R}} and q ? (0,￥]{q\in(0,\infty]} . We introduce Besov-type spaces [(B)\dot]^s, t_p, q(\mathbbRⁿ){{{{\dot B}^{s,\,\tau}_{p,\,q}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}}} for p ? (0, ￥]{p\in(0,\,\infty]} and Triebel–Lizorkin-type spaces [(F)\dot]^s, t_p, q(\mathbbRⁿ) for p ? (0, ￥){{{{\dot F}^{s,\,\tau}_{p,\,q}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}}\,{\rm for}\, p\in(0,\,\infty)} , which unify and generalize the Besov spaces, Triebel–Lizorkin spaces and Q spaces. We then establish the j{\varphi} -transform characterization of these new spaces in the sense of Frazier and Jawerth. Using the j{\varphi} -transform characterization of [(B)\dot]^s, t_p, q(\mathbbRⁿ) and [(F)\dot]^s, t_p, q(\mathbbRⁿ){{{{\dot B}^{s,\,\tau}_{p,\,q}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}\, {\rm and}\, {{\dot F}^{s,\,\tau}_{p,\,q}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}}} , we obtain their embedding and lifting properties; moreover, for appropriate τ, we also establish the smooth atomic and molecular decomposition characterizations of [(B)\dot]^s, t_p, q(\mathbbRⁿ) and [(F)\dot]^s, t_p, q(\mathbbRⁿ){{{{\dot B}^{s,\,\tau}_{p,\,q}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}\,{\rm and}\, {{\dot F}^{s,\,\tau}_{p,\,q}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}}} . For s ? \mathbbR{s\in\mathbb{R}} , p ? (1, ￥), q ? [1, ￥){p\in(1,\,\infty), q\in[1,\,\infty)} and t ? [0, \frac1(max{p, q})￠]{\tau\in[0,\,\frac{1}{(\max\{p,\,q\})'}]} , via the Hausdorff capacity, we introduce certain Hardy–Hausdorff spaces B[(H)\dot]^s, t_p, q(\mathbbRⁿ){{{{B\dot{H}^{s,\,\tau}_{p,\,q}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}}}} and prove that the dual space of B[(H)\dot]^s, t_p, q(\mathbbRⁿ){{{{B\dot{H}^{s,\,\tau}_{p,\,q}(\mathbb{R}^{n})}}}} is just [(B)\dot]^-s, t_p￠, q￠(\mathbbRⁿ){\dot{B}^{-s,\,\tau}_{p',\,q'}(\mathbb{R}^{n})} , where t′ denotes the conjugate index of t ? (1,￥){t\in (1,\infty)} .     

An inverse spectral theorem for Kre?n strings with a negative eigenvalue

A string is a pair (L, \mathfrakm){(L, \mathfrak{m})} where L ? [0, ￥]{L \in[0, \infty]} and \mathfrakm{\mathfrak{m}} is a positive, possibly unbounded, Borel measure supported on [0, L]; we think of L as the length of the string and of \mathfrakm{\mathfrak{m}} as its mass density. To each string a differential operator acting in the space L²(\mathfrakm){L^2(\mathfrak{m})} is associated. Namely, the Kreĭn–Feller differential operator -D_\mathfrakmD_x{-D_{\mathfrak{m}}D_x} ; its eigenvalue equation can be written, e.g., as

Multiplicative type functional equations arising from characterization problems

We give the general and the so-called density function solutions of equation

Asymptotic behavior of the generalized Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation

Cauchy’s problem for a generalization of the KdV–Burgers equation is considered in Sobolev spaces H¹(\mathbbR){H^1(\mathbb{R})} and H²(\mathbbR){H^2(\mathbb{R})}. We study its local and global solvability and the asymptotic behavior of solutions (in terms of the global attractors). The parabolic regularization technique is used in this paper which allows us to extend the strong regularity properties and estimates of solutions of the fourth order parabolic approximations onto their third order limit—the generalized Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers (KdVB) equation. For initial data in H²(\mathbbR){H^2(\mathbb{R})} we study the notion of viscosity solutions to KdVB, while for the larger H¹(\mathbbR){H^1(\mathbb{R})} phase space we introduce weak solutions to that problem. Finally, thanks to our general assumptions on the nonlinear term f guaranteeing that the global attractor is usually nontrivial (i.e., not reduced to a single stationary solution), we study an upper semicontinuity property of the family of global attractors corresponding to parabolic regularizations when the regularization parameter e{\epsilon} tends to 0⁺ (which corresponds the passage to the KdVB equation).     

On the means of Fourier integrals and Bernstein inequality in the two-weighted setting

The norm estimation problem for Cesaro and Abel–Poisson operators acting from L_w^p(\mathbbR){L_{w}^{p}(\mathbb{R})} to L_v^q (\mathbbR){L_{v}^{q} (\mathbb{R})} where 1 < p ≤ q < ∞ was investigated. These results were generalized to the multidimensional case and applied to obtain generalizations of the Bernstein inequality for integral functions of finite degree of one and several variables.     

Local–global divisibility by 4 in elliptic curves defined over {\mathbb{Q}}

Let ${\mathcal{E}}Let E{\mathcal{E}} be an elliptic curve defined over \mathbbQ{\mathbb{Q}} . Let P ? E(\mathbb Q){P\in {\mathcal{E}}(\mathbb {Q})} and let q be a positive integer. Assume that for almost all valuations v ? \mathbbQ{v\in \mathbb{Q}} , there exist points D_v ? E(\mathbb Q_v){D_v\in {\mathcal{E}}(\mathbb {Q}_v)} such that P = qD _v . Is it possible to conclude that there exists a point D ? E(\mathbb Q){D\in {\mathcal{E}}(\mathbb {Q})} such that P = qD? A full answer to this question is known when q is a power of almost all primes p ? \mathbbN{p\in \mathbb{N}} , but some cases remain open when p ? S={2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,37,43,67,163}{p\in S=\{2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,37,43,67,163\}} . We now give a complete answer in the case when q = 4.     

Smooth and strongly smooth points in symmetric spaces of measurable operators

We investigate the relationships between smooth and strongly smooth points of the unit ball of an order continuous symmetric function space E, and of the unit ball of the space of τ-measurable operators E(M,t){E(\mathcal{M},\tau)} associated to a semifinite von Neumann algebra (M, t){(\mathcal{M}, \tau)}. We prove that x is a smooth point of the unit ball in E(M, t){E(\mathcal{M}, \tau)} if and only if the decreasing rearrangement μ(x) of the operator x is a smooth point of the unit ball in E, and either μ(∞; f) = 0, for the function f ? S_E^×{f\in S_{E^{\times}}} supporting μ(x), or s(x ^*) = 1. Under the assumption that the trace τ on M{\mathcal{M}} is σ-finite, we show that x is strongly smooth point of the unit ball in E(M, t){E(\mathcal{M}, \tau)} if and only if its decreasing rearrangement μ(x) is a strongly smooth point of the unit ball in E. Consequently, for a symmetric function space E, we obtain corresponding relations between smoothness or strong smoothness of the function f and its decreasing rearrangement μ(f). Finally, under suitable assumptions, we state results relating the global properties such as smoothness and Fréchet smoothness of the spaces E and E(M,t){E(\mathcal{M},\tau)}.     

Complex cycles on algebraic models of smooth manifolds

Every compact smooth manifold M is diffeomorphic to the set X(\mathbbR){X(\mathbb{R})} of real points of a nonsingular projective real algebraic variety X, which is called an algebraic model of M. Each algebraic cycle of codimension k on the complex variety X_\mathbbC=X×_\mathbbR\mathbbC{X_{\mathbb{C}}=X\times_{\mathbb{R}}\mathbb{C}} determines a cohomology class in H^2k(X(\mathbbR);\mathbbD){H^{2k}(X(\mathbb{R});\mathbb{D})} , where \mathbbD{\mathbb{D}} denotes \mathbbZ{\mathbb{Z}} or \mathbbQ{\mathbb{Q}} . We investigate the behavior of such cohomology classes as X runs through the class of algebraic models of M.     

Maximal Chains in Positive Subfamilies of P(ω)

A family P ì [w]^w{\mathcal P} \subset [\omega]^\omega is called positive iff it is the union of some infinite upper set in the Boolean algebra P(ω)/Fin. For example, if I ì P(w){\mathcal I} \subset P(\omega) is an ideal containing the ideal Fin of finite subsets of ω, then P(w) \IP(\omega) \setminus {\mathcal I} is a positive family and the set Dense(\mathbb Q)\mbox{Dense}({\mathbb Q}) of dense subsets of the rational line is a positive family which is not the complement of some ideal on P(\mathbb Q)P({\mathbb Q}). We prove that, for a positive family P{\mathcal P}, the order types of maximal chains in the complete lattice áP è{?}, ì ?\langle {\mathcal P} \cup \{\emptyset\}, \subset \rangle are exactly the order types of compact nowhere dense subsets of the real line having the minimum non-isolated. Also we compare this result with the corresponding results concerning maximal chains in the Boolean algebras P(ω) and Intalg[0,1)_{\mathbb R}\mbox{Intalg}[0,1)_{{\mathbb R}} and the poset E(\mathbb Q)E({\mathbb Q}), where E(\mathbb Q)E({\mathbb Q}) is the set of elementary submodels of the rational line.     

The Inverse Conjecture for the Gowers Norm over Finite Fields in Low Characteristic

We establish the inverse conjecture for the Gowers norm over finite fields, which asserts (roughly speaking) that if a bounded function f : V ? \mathbbC{f : V \rightarrow \mathbb{C}} on a finite-dimensional vector space V over a finite field \mathbbF{\mathbb{F}} has large Gowers uniformity norm ||f||_U^s+1(V){{\parallel{f}\parallel_{U^{s+1}(V)}}} , then there exists a (non-classical) polynomial P: V ? \mathbbT{P: V \rightarrow \mathbb{T}} of degree at most s such that f correlates with the phase e(P) = e ^2πiP . This conjecture had already been established in the “high characteristic case”, when the characteristic of \mathbbF{\mathbb{F}} is at least as large as s. Our proof relies on the weak form of the inverse conjecture established earlier by the authors and Bergelson [3], together with new results on the structure and equidistribution of non-classical polynomials, in the spirit of the work of Green and the first author [22] and of Kaufman and Lovett [28].     

On Dirichlet L-functions with periodic coefficients and Eisenstein series

We prove a Lipschitz type summation formula with periodic coefficients. Using this formula, representations of the values at positive integers of Dirichlet L-functions with periodic coefficients are obtained in terms of Bernoulli numbers and certain sums involving essentially the discrete Fourier transform of the periodic function forming the coefficients. The non-vanishing of these L-functions at s = 1 are then investigated. There are additional applications to the Fourier expansions of Eisenstein series over congruence subgroups of SL₂(\mathbbZ){SL_2(\mathbb{Z})} and derivatives of such Eisenstein series. Examples of a family of Eisenstein series with a high frequency of vanishing Fourier coefficients are given.     

Homogeneous Operators, Jet Construction and Similarity

In this paper we show, starting with the jet construction, how to construct all the irreducible homogeneous operators in the Cowen–Douglas class B_n(\mathbb D){\mathrm {B}_n(\mathbb {D})} whose associated representations are multiplicity-free.