杀线威在Fe_3O_4/Ag纳米磁粒上的吸附及表面增强拉曼光谱研究

采用共沉淀法合成了Fe_3O_4磁性纳米颗粒,进一步以柠檬酸三钠还原法制备出了具有SERS活性的Fe_3O_4/Ag磁性包覆修饰材料,用紫外可见吸收光谱、能谱及透射电镜对结构与形貌进行表征,发现所制备的Fe_3O_4/Ag纳米材料粒径约为30~60nm,形貌规整接近球形,经测试Fe_3O_4/Ag材料很容易被磁铁收集,能够满足分散萃取再收集的需要。根据密度泛函理论(DFT)对杀线威(Oxamyl)、Oxamyl-Ag和OxamylAg4进行了理论结构优化计算,得到了杀线威的理论拉曼光谱和与Ag表面增强拉曼光谱及其谱峰的归属,结合表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)测定,研究了杀线威在Fe_3O_4/Ag表面的吸附行为和增强效应,测算得到杀线威在Fe_3O_4/Ag表面上的增强因子为2.08×105。研究表明:理论计算的杀线威拉曼光谱与测定的拉曼光谱具有较好的一致性,DFT理论计算中发现研究分子与活性Ag原子作用越多,与实测值常规拉曼NRS越接近;杀线威以双键侧N原子和S原子与Fe_3O_4/Ag表面吸附作用为主;双键侧N优先与Ag吸附成键后,整个分子靠近Ag表面,最终使得双键侧N原子与S原子共同吸附在Ag表面;Fe_3O_4/Ag磁性纳米复合材料具有显著的富集吸附和拉曼增强作用;可利用其作为拉曼基底,以实现SERS光谱法对杀线威农残的快速分析检测。     

Fe3O4@Au纳米材料的制备和光谱性质

采用共沉淀法制备了Fe3O4纳米颗粒,并以其为晶种利用晶种生长法制备了Fe3O4@Au磁性复合纳米粒子。吸收光谱显示Au壳层成功包覆在了Fe3O4纳米核的表面。以结晶紫为探针分子的表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）光谱展示了Fe3O4@Au良好的SERS活性。     

2-噻吩甲酸在Fe3O4@Ag基底上的吸附及表面增强拉曼光谱

采用共沉淀法合成Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒,再以柠檬酸三钠还原AgNO₃获得了具有SERS活性的Fe₃O₄@Ag磁性纳米复合材料。基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的量子化学计算方法和表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术,从理论计算和实验测定表征探讨了2-噻吩甲酸(2-TCA)在Fe₃O₄@Ag表面的吸附行为和增强效应。结果表明:理论计算得到的拉曼光谱与实际测得的常规拉曼光谱基本一致,而在DFT理论计算中所键连的Ag原子数越多,与实测值就越接近。溶液的浓度和pH对拉曼增强效果有很大的影响,当溶液的pH=3且浓度为1×10^-4 mol·L^-1时有最大拉曼增强效应。峰强随2-TCA浓度的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,浓度过大会导致大量2-TCA分子吸附聚集在Ag表面形成局部"拥堵",阻碍了激发光尤其是光谱信号的散射通过,从而减弱了拉曼增强效应。pH的变化使溶液中2-TCA分子形态发生改变,结构形态不同,其在Ag表面的吸附方式也不同。中性C₄H₃SCOOH分子以环上S:形式垂直吸附键合在Ag表面,形成S—Ag配位键而产生SERS光谱。-1价C₄H₃SCOO^-离子以S—Ag配位和O—Ag共价"双键合"侧卧方式共同吸附在Ag表面而产生SERS光谱。在Ag表面,以单独S—Ag配位键吸附或键合的能力比S—Ag配位和O—Ag共价共同吸附方式要弱,但其产生的SERS信号更强,故2-TCA中性分子比2-TCA^-离子更有利于SERS的产生。随着pH值的增加,溶液中的2-TCA由中性分子逐渐转化为-1价的C₄H₃SCOO^-离子,因而在pH>3以后,拉曼增强效应逐步减弱。     

Fe3O4@Ag纳米粒子的制备与表征

采用共沉淀法制备了Fe3O4纳米颗粒,并以之为原料利用晶种生长法进一步制备Fe3O4@ Ag复合纳米材料.利用紫外-可见吸收光谱和表面增强拉曼散射光谱对复合纳米材料的性能进行表征,显示Fe3O4@ Ag复合纳米材料具有良好的SERS活性.     

磁流体SERS超灵敏检测鱼表面农药残留

将表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱与磁性流体的结合应用于SERS即时(POC)检测,首先将银纳米粒子修饰到磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子表面制备磁性等离子体(AgMNPs)。AgMNPs的强磁响应性能够快速分离和检测鱼皮表面的目标分析物。制备了具有不同腔体的微流体芯片,通过磁场限制磁流体在不同腔体内的分布,从而增强了SERS信号并将检测限提高了两个数量级。磁性流体POC传感器以优异的选择性和低至皮摩尔级的高灵敏度成功检测到鱼中的孔雀石绿(MG)。实现了一种无标记、无损的光学传感方法,具有检测食品或环境中各种有害成分的潜力。     

Fe2O3/Au/Ag磁性核壳纳米粒子的制备及其SERS研究

本文介绍了一种制备多功能磁性Fe2O3/Au/Ag纳米粒子的简捷方法, 制备的粒子直径大约在100 nm左右, 采用UV-vis和SEM对该结构进行了表征。并通过调节硝酸银的用量, 制备了一系列具有不同壳层厚度和表面结构的多重核壳纳米粒子。以苯硫酚(TP)为探针分子, 研究了不同银壳厚度的磁性纳米粒子的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性。结果表明随Ag:Au比例的不断增加, 其SERS活性呈现先增大后减小的趋势, 这与表面结构的改变有关。     

石墨烯-银纳米颗粒复合结构制备工艺优化及表面增强拉曼光谱特性

在石墨烯-Ag纳米颗粒复合结构表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）基底常规制备工艺的基础上,提出了采用偶联剂吸附的方法来改善Ag纳米颗粒在目标基底上分布的均匀性;采用双层聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）来转移石墨烯,以减少石墨烯表面的缺陷;采用退火处理的方法来降低SERS基底的拉曼背景噪声,从而提高拉曼光谱的对比度。实验结果表明,采用优化制备工艺得到的复合结构SERS基底均匀性有较大提高,石墨烯G峰和2D峰的增强拉曼光谱对比度分别提高了54.9%和64.3%,罗丹明6G（R6G）分子在774和1 363 cm-1处的拉曼光谱强度随浓度变化关系的拟合优度（R2）分别达到了0.997 5和0.986 7。     

表面增强拉曼光谱研究胞嘧啶在银胶上的吸附行为

为探讨胞嘧啶(Cytosine,Cy)在基底银表面的吸附特性和规律,采用表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱对其吸附行为进行分析,并结合量子化学密度泛函理论(DFT)/B3LYP计算方法对Cy分子的常规拉曼光谱(NRS)及Cy与Ag团簇吸附的SERS光谱进行计算,与测定结果进行比对且对其拉曼峰进行系统指认及归属,理论计算结合实测值探讨了Cy在基底Ag上的增强效应和吸附行为。考察了Cy分子在Ag纳米粒子上的不同吸附时间、浓度、pH等条件对SERS光谱的影响及优化,发现pH影响最大,在中性和强碱性条件下的增强效应明显优于酸性。Cy分子存在2种不同的异构体和3种不同的存在形态,并随酸度变化相互转化而达动态平衡。基于Cy在不同pH时的形态分布和相应的SERS变化规律,结合DFT算得的Cy分子中的电荷分布及在银基底表面的吸附机制,详细探讨了酸碱对Cy分子的SRES光谱影响的内因和吸附机理,指出在中性和弱碱性时,是Cy中的N3和O与Ag形成配位吸附;在pH大于11时,N与Ag形成配位吸附,而O与Ag形成共价吸附。     

咖啡酸分子表面增强拉曼光谱的理论与实验研究

咖啡酸（CA）是一种具有很高的医学价值的药物成分,在抗菌抗病毒方面应用广泛,尤其是咖啡酸及其衍生物在抗肿瘤方面有着巨大作用,现在对咖啡酸的相关研究越来越多,但大部分都是关于咖啡酸医学性质的研究,所以对咖啡酸分子的微观结构研究是非常有必要的。目前关于CA在Ag表面上的表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）光谱的理论与实验结合的研究尚未见报道,而对其振动光谱及表面增强机理的研究可以为咖啡酸的各种药学机理的研究提供一种科学的物理解释,所以有必要将密度泛函理论（DFT）方法与表面增强拉曼散射技术相结合,对咖啡酸在Ag纳米颗粒上的吸附性质及表面增强机理进行全面的研究,这对推进它们在医药学等领域的相关研究有着重要的参考价值。采用SERS与DFT技术对CA分子在Ag纳米颗粒表面上的表面增强拉曼光谱进行了研究。在实验方面,利用热还原反应原理,使用柠檬酸三钠和硝酸银在加热搅拌情况下制备Ag纳米颗粒,并使用激光共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪测量了CA分子的常规拉曼散射（NRS）光谱及其表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）光谱。在理论计算方面,采用DFT的B3LYP方法,以6-31+G**和LANL2DZ分别作为C,H,O和Ag的计算基组来优化咖啡酸的分子构型,羟基与Ag₄的吸附构型,羧基与Ag₄的吸附构型,羟基与羧基共同与Ag₄吸附的构型,并以此为基础分析计算了CA分子的NRS光谱以及三种可能吸附模型的SERS光谱,并结合实验结果进行比较。同时对CA分子的振动模式进行了详细指认。根据实验数据和理论结果分析,在452 cm-1处的谱峰归属为环面外弯曲振动和O-H面外弯曲振动的耦合,这说明CA分子上的酚羟基是与Ag纳米颗粒表面作用的,不过相互作用较弱,推测CA分子平面可能与Ag基底表面不垂直;出现在1 338 cm-1处的谱峰归属于COO-伸缩振动,则可以说明CA分子上的羧基可能与Ag纳米颗粒垂直吸附。结果表明,CA分子是以羧基和酚羟基为吸附位吸附在Ag纳米颗粒表面上的。同时对CA分子的振动模式进行了详细指认。该工作对推进咖啡酸在生物医药等领域进一步的应用将起到重要作用。     

硫代水杨酸在银表面的化学吸附及其表面增强拉曼光谱研究

采用电化学法对Ag电极粗糙活化,进而对含巯基基团的硫代水杨酸(TSA)进行表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)研究。研究表明,溶液浓度与pH对增强效应影响显著,1×10-3 mol·L-1与pH 4分别为增强效应的最佳浓度与酸度。浓度增大由于空间位阻等因素影响而增强效应急速下降。由TSA化学吸附所产生的S—Ag峰位基本不随pH改变;但pH对峰强度有显著影响。经对TSA在不同pH下的分布和机理研究表明,TSA是通过中性C₆H₄(COOH)SH分子中的硫醇端基脱H后与活化的Ag表面进行吸附,形成S—Ag化学键而产生SERS光谱。在较强碱性条件下负一价的C₆H₄(COO-)SH 可能与OH- 形成竞争吸附而不易产生SERS;同时吸附基团巯基对羧基振动谱峰的变化以及对苯环共轭体系中的电子云分布有很大影响。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.