有机磷农药酶生物传感器研究进展

酶生物传感器（EBS）以简单、廉价、易于微型化等优势成了有机磷农药（OPs）传统分析方法的最佳替代品。本文从识别OPs的酶及识别机理、电化学EBS、酶的固定化技术、高分子材料的酶固定载体不同角度综述了有机磷农药酶生物传感器研究近况,并重点介绍了一次性丝网印刷酶电极。     

酶生物传感器中酶的固定化技术

综述了近年来国内外酶生物传感器的进展,介绍了制作酶生物传感器的关键技术——酶的固定化。固定化方法主要有吸附法、包埋法、共价键合法和交联法。固定化材料分为无机材料、有机聚合物材料、凝胶以及生物材料等。探讨了固定化方法和固定化材料对酶的固定化及酶生物传感器性能的影响,并结合自己的工作展望了酶生物传感器的发展方向和趋势。     

全细胞生物传感器用于检测农药的研究进展

农药残留以多种形式存在于自然环境中,并通过迁移、生物积累等方式对各种环境基质和人类健康造成不利影响。全细胞生物传感器（WCBs）是一种新型的污染物分析装置,因其操作简便、低成本、高灵敏度和选择性好被广泛应用于环境监测领域。本文综述了近年来基于藻类、细菌和真菌的全细胞生物传感器在检测环境中各类农药的应用进展,并展望了全细胞生物传感器未来的研究重点和发展趋势。     

用于测量农药残留的小麦酯酶的选择

为研制探测农药残留的生物传感器，研究了农药乐果[O,O-二甲基S－（N－甲基胺基甲酰甲戎）二硫代磷酸酯]对各种小麦植物酯酶的抑制，从小麦中提取植物酶，以农药乐果为抑制剂，采用分光光度法研究了乐果对各种小麦酯酶活性的影响；研究显示，不同品种小麦酯酶对农药乐果的敏感度不同，在所研究的品种中，豫麦39和小麦周9对乐果较敏感，研究结果说明了选择小麦酶源的必要性。     

电聚高分子膜固定化酶生物传感器及其进展

本文将电化学聚合高分子膜固定膜酶制备的生物传感器分为以下三种主要类型，并分别 就其发展概况和发展方向进行了评述。即：以溶解氧为电子受体的的生物传感器（第一代电流型生物传感器）；以非氧介全为电子受体的生物传感器（第二代电流型生物传感器）和电子在酶和聚合高分膜之间直接进行转移的传感器（第三代电流型生物传感器）。     

用于农药残留快速检测的两种酶的比较

以商品乙酰胆碱酯酶(C3389,Ⅵ-S,从电鳗中提取)和自制鸡肝酶为农药检测用酶,比较了不同浓度的敌敌畏、敌百虫、马拉硫磷和西维因对这两种酶的乙酰胆碱酯酶活力和总酯酶活力的抑制情况。结果表明,鸡肝酶的乙酰胆碱酯酶活力较低,而其总酯酶活力对4种农药的灵敏度与商品乙酰胆碱酯酶活力的灵敏度相近,且总酯酶活力对除马拉硫磷外的其余3种农药的检出限都较乙酰胆碱酯酶低。同时对总酯酶活力测定的pH进行了优化,发现pH6．5(40mmol／L柠檬酸盐缓冲液)时总酯酶活力较高。     

纳米材料传感器在有机磷农药残留检测中的研究进展

有机磷农药（OPs）作为毒性大的农药之一,具有使用范围广、使用量大以及对人体健康危害大等显著特点。随着人们对健康生活的向往和不断追求,构建准确、灵敏、便捷和快速的OPs残留分析检测传感器显得尤为迫切和重要。由于纳米材料具有独特的光学、电化学和生物学等性质,基于纳米材料构建的OPs检测传感器具有灵敏、高效和经济等优点。本文综述了2015-2023年国内外基于稀土掺杂上转换纳米材料、金属纳米材料、金属氧化物纳米材料、碳纳米材料和量子点纳米材料检测OPs残留的传感器,为后续开发基于纳米材料的OPs多残留检测传感器提供思路和依据。     

酶抑制技术检测蔬果农药残留量研究进展

综述了国内外近年来酶抑制技术在农药残留检测中的应用研究状况，重点论述了酶抑制光度法的优点及存在的问题以及酶的固定化的应用研究，检测有机磷与氨基甲酸酯农药的酶电极的制备与应用是研究的热点．     

电化学生物传感器在农药检测中的应用

农药包括杀虫剂、杀菌剂、除草剂等,在种植业、养殖业、园林业等领域中有着广泛的应用。全球快速增长的农药使用量给环境、人的身体健康带来了潜在的危害。农药的种类繁多(多达几千种),结构各异,并且在样品中的含量极低(但毒性可能高)。针对这一问题,欧盟提出60多种使用量较大,     

有机磷类农药残留检测技术的应用

作为一类高效、广谱的杀虫剂,有机磷类农药被广泛用于农作物病虫防治领域,但它产生的危害也不容忽视。论述了近年来国内外有机磷类农药检测技术的应用,比较各种方法的优缺点,为农药残留检测的应用提供了参考。     

Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Enzymatic Reactors Filled by Various Types of Silica and Amalgam Powders for Measurements in Flow Systems

Two enzymatic biosensors with amalgam powder reactors and twelve enzymatic biosensors with various silica powder reactors were fabricated and tested in this work. The enzymatic reactors based on silver amalgam powder provide high sensitivity and they are convenient for faster flow rates. Experiments with six silica materials showed that mesoporous silica SBA‐15 was the best one in terms of covering by enzymes, sensitivity and lifetime of biosensors. The current response of the SBA15‐glucose oxidase (GOx) sensor started to decrease only after 200 day testing and after 406 days the peak current was still 35.9 % of the initial value. The used amalgam tubular detector in a flow system allowed working at highly negative potentials, which significantly increased the sensitivity of determinations. Statistical results of parallel measurement of model solutions with the fabricated biosensors show their high accuracy (RSD=0.28–1.81 %) and sensitivity (6.2–14.3 µmol L^?1). The proposed SBA15‐GOx biosensor was successfully used for determination of glucose in commercial honey.     

串联质谱法在农药残留分析中的应用

农药残留问题已经成为全球关注的热点问题,尤其是农产品和食品中的农药残留更受到各国政府和公众的普遍关注。快速、准确、灵敏的农药残留分析和检测技术已经成为保障食品安全的有效手段,是当前农药残留分析研究和发展的方向。1983年,McLafferty等发明了串联质谱技术(MS-MS),目前已发展成为一种成熟的技术,在许多研究领域发挥了巨大作用。同样,在农药残留分析领域,串联质谱技术也越来越体现出其定性准确、排除干扰能力强以及灵敏度高的特点。     

Spectroelectrochemical Reactivities of Novel Polyaniline Nanotube Pesticide Biosensors

Summary: The preparation and characterisation of electrosynthetic polyaniline nanomaterials doped with phenanthrene sulphonic acid (PSA) is being presented. The polymeric nanomaterials prepared include processable poly(o-methoxy aniline) (POMA) and poly(2,5-dimethoxy aniline) (PDMA). Spectroelectrochemical reactivities of the electroactive polymeric nanotube systems as well as the nanobiosensor systems were studied by SEM, FTIR, UV-Vis and Subtractively Normalised Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (SNIFTIRS) techniques. Furthermore, cyclic and differential pulse voltammetric studies of the nanomaterials were also performed using platinum or thiol-modulated gold electrodes. The SEM studies confirmed the nanorod morphology of the polyanilines. The heterogeneous rate constant, k_o, for the nanopolymeric material and the diffusion coefficient of electrons, D_e, was calculated and found to be in agreement with values expected for electron hopping along conducting polymer chains. Organophosphate pesticide nanobiosensor devices were prepared by encapsulating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the nanopolymeric composite. The biosensor amperometric response to the organophosphate pesticide called diazinon and the carbamate pesticide called carbofuran were studied. The sensor responses to pesticides followed typical electrochemical Michaelis-Menten kinetics.     

毛细管电泳-安培检测法对甲基对硫磷、对硫磷、西维因和速灭威农药残留的测定研究

采用高效毛细管电泳-安培检测法对农药甲基对疏磷、对硫磷、西维因和速灭威水解产物酚类进行了测定研究,考察了影响水解和毛细管分离的各种因素：磷酸盐缓冲溶液的浓度、体系的pH值、分离高压、检测电位等．结果表明：在优化的实验条件下,标准样品15min内实现了基线分离,线性范围(mg／L)：间-甲酚、α-萘酚和对硝基苯酚均为0．05～10,信噪比为3时,测定检出限(mg／L)：间-甲酚0．04,α-萘酚0．02,对硝基苯酚0．03;对疏磷、速灭威和西维因回收率分别为91％,94％和101％,相对标准偏差分别为3．3％、2．5％和2．2％(n=6)。可用于对所选该类农药残留的快速测定。     

基质固相分散技术在农药残留分析中的应用

基质固相分散技术是1989年提出和发展起来的一种新的样品前处理技术,它能够直接处理固态、半固态和粘稠样品,大大减少了样品处理步骤和溶剂的使用量,缩短分析时间。本文主要介绍了其原理、影响因素及在农药残留分析中的应用。     

Recent Progress in Biosensors for Detection of Tumor Biomarkers

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with an increasing mortality rate over the past years. The early detection of cancer contributes to early diagnosis and subsequent treatment. How to detect early cancer has become one of the hot research directions of cancer. Tumor biomarkers, biochemical parameters for reflecting cancer occurrence and progression have caused much attention in cancer early detection. Due to high sensitivity, convenience and low cost, biosensors have been largely developed to detect tumor biomarkers. This review describes the application of various biosensors in detecting tumor markers. Firstly, several typical tumor makers, such as neuron-specific enolase (NSE), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), carbohydrate, antigen19-9 (CA19-9) and tumor suppressor p53 (TP53), which may be helpful for early cancer detection in the clinic, are briefly described. Then, various biosensors, mainly focusing on electrochemical biosensors, optical biosensors, photoelectrochemical biosensors, piezoelectric biosensors and aptamer sensors, are discussed. Specifically, the operation principles of biosensors, nanomaterials used in biosensors and the application of biosensors in tumor marker detection have been comprehensively reviewed and provided. Lastly, the challenges and prospects for developing effective biosensors for early cancer diagnosis are discussed.