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十二烷基硫酸钠对甲烷水合物生成过程影响研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据甲烷水合物含气率高、分解速度慢等特性,提出利用高压注水技术和表面活性剂促进作用促使矿井瓦斯水合化以预防煤与瓦斯突出的思路。进行了3·6~12℃、7·82~12·26MPa条件下两种浓度体系(10mmol/L和0·3mmol/L)中十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对甲烷水合物作用效果的实验研究,结合水合物诱导时间、生成速度及含气率等计算对实验数据进行了分析,并运用表面张力法测得8℃时SDS溶液的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为2·5mmol/L。结果表明,高浓度体系对水合物生成速度、含气率的影响较之低浓度体系的更强,但是低浓度体系中水合物生成的诱导时间却较短,表面活性剂溶液浓度超过其CMC后对水合物的生成影响显著。 相似文献
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不同制备方法对Cu-ZSM-5沸石分子筛上NO分解反应活性的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
不同制备方法对Cu┐ZSM┐5沸石分子筛上NO分解反应活性的影响*韩一帆汪仁(华东理工大学工业催化研究所,上海200237)关键词Cu-ZSM-5沸石分子筛,一氧化氮,催化分解,直接粘混法,离子交换法如何减少各类污染源所排放的氮氧化物(NOx)对环境... 相似文献
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Effect of different alkali metal salts on the crystal size and the crystallization rate of ZSM-5 zeolite was de-tailedly investigated in this paper. The samples prepared by adding the different alkali metal salts were character-ized by using XRD, TEM, TG-DSC, BET and IR techniques. The XRD results showed that, for the nanosized ZSM-5 zeolite, the characteristic peaks broadened on the XRD patterns in comparison with the microsized ZSM-5 zeolite. The SEM results verified that the crystal size of zeolites prepared by adding different alkali metal salts had different results, and adding NaCl, NaC2H3O2 and KCl showed the better effect of reducing crystal size, which are about of 40~60nm size. The crystallization curve of adding the different alkali metal salts suggested that the crystallization rate was significantly affected by the anions in the alkali metal salt besides the cations. Moreover, the crystal size likewise depended on the anion in the alkali metal salt. In addition, the BET results suggested that the nanosized ZSM-5 zeolite possessed a larger outer surface area in comparison with the microsized ZSM-5 zeolite. The thermostability of the samples was determined by TG-DSC technique, indicating that the nanosized ZSM-5 zeolite had a poor thermostability as compared with the microsized ZSM-5 zeolite. The possible difference of the samples with different crystal sizes on IR spectra was also given. 相似文献
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微波场中A型分子筛及分子筛膜合成的研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Effects of aging time and alkalinity as well as cation concentration(Na+) on the synthesis of A type zeolite and zeolite membrane were investigated in this paper. The results showed that aging time for synthesis of A type zeolite and zeolite membrane had remarkable influence and alkalinity could accelerate the formation of zeolite but was disadvantage to zeolite membrane synthesis. Cation concentration(Na+) also couldn′t accelerate the synthesis of zeolite and zeolite membrane but it was probable an important factor to accelerate crystal growth .Moreover, more compact zeolite membranes could be synthesized by this method while the thickness of membrane was thinner than that of convention. Zeolites and zeolite membranes were characterized by XRD, TEM as well as IR characterization techniques. 相似文献
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Cu-ZSM-5分子筛因具有高的催化脱除NO活性和对环境友好等优点而引起广泛关注。本文从NO分解反应、以NH3为还原剂选择性催化还原NO(NH3-SCR-NO)和以碳氢化合物为还原剂选择性催化还原NO(CH-SCR-NO)三个方面综述了Cu-ZSM-5分子筛催化脱除NO反应机理和催化剂改进方面的研究进展,并对该领域存在的问题和发展前景做了总结和展望。Cu-ZSM-5分子筛催化分解NO被认为是最具有吸引力的脱硝方法,其通过Cu+的氧化还原过程和N2O的生成来实现;Cu-ZSM-5分子筛上NH3-SCR-NO反应具有较高的NO脱除效率,NO首先被氧化为NO2,NO2再与NH3结合为NH4NO3,NH4NO3再进一步与NO反应生成N2;CH-SCR-NO反应是利用贫燃发动机尾气中未完全燃烧的碳氢化合物为还原剂,一般认为碳氢化合物与氮氧化物生成硝基烷或亚硝基烷,再经异氰酸酯或氰化物生成终产物N2。Cu-ZSM-5分子筛存在水热稳定性差和易发生二氧化硫中毒等缺点,通过引入第二金属组分和制备整体式催化剂方法可显著改善Cu-ZSM-5分子筛的催化性能。系统了解NO脱除反应机理和活性位的作用机制可为催化剂的改进奠定理论基础,同时也有助于设计合成新型高效、环境友好的脱硝催化剂体系。 相似文献
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多孔介质中甲烷水合物的分解特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用定容降压方法测定了在不同多孔介质中甲烷水合物的分解实验数据, 所使用的多孔介质平均孔径分别为9.03, 12.95, 17.96和33.20 nm, 其中孔径为12.95 nm的多孔介质采用了3个粒径范围, 分别为0.105~0.150, 0.150~0.200和0.300~0.450 mm; 其它孔径的多孔介质的粒径范围为0.105~0.150 mm. 在封闭的条件下测定了不同温度与不同初始生成压力下甲烷水合物的分解实验数据(实验温度范围为269.15~278.15 K, 初始生成压力范围为4.1~11.0 MPa), 结果表明, 水合物的分解速度随着初始生成压力的增加和水浴温度的降低而升高, 也随孔径的增加而升高, 但随多孔介质粒径的增大而降低. 在孔径较大和分解温度较低时, 多孔介质中水合物分解引起的温度降低会使水结冰, 从而减缓水合物的分解速度. 相似文献
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采用正则系综(NVT)分子动力学方法模拟研究277.0 K、11.45 mol·L-1的热力学抑制剂乙二醇(EG)溶液作用下甲烷水合物分解微观过程. 模拟显示甲烷水合物的分解从甲烷水合物固体表面开始, 逐渐向内部推移, 固态水合物在分解过程中逐渐缩小, 直至消失. 固态水合物的分解从晶格扭曲变形开始, 之后笼形框架结构破裂, 最后形成笼形结构碎片. 同时已经分解的甲烷水合物在外层形成水膜, 包裹里层正在分解的甲烷水合物, 增大里层甲烷水合物分解传质阻力. 相似文献
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Ai Bing CHEN Wei Ping ZHANG Xi Jie LAN Heng ZHENG Xiu Mei LIU Xiu Wen HAN Xin He BAO 《中国化学快报》2006,17(6):791-794
Gas hydrates are nonstoichionmetric ice-like solid. Three types of well-known structures, sI hydrate, sII hydrate, and sH hydrate, can be formed depending on the size of the guest molecules1. Most previous work focused on the equilibrium aspects of hydrat… 相似文献
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纳米分子筛ZSM-5的热稳定性研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Nanosized ZSM 5 zeolite was synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by XRD and TEM techniques. The specific heat of the nanosized ZSM 5 zeolite was measured in the temperature range from 79 to 370 K, and its enhancement in specific heat was observed as compared with the corresponding microsized zeolite, indicating that the nanosized ZSM 5 zeolite possesses higher surface activity. The thermostability of the samples was determined by differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) techniques. The DSC results showed that, for the nanosized ZSM 5, a broad exothermic peak is observed from 1?300 K; for the microsized ZSM 5, the corresponding exothermic peak begins at 1?400 K, and a distinct phase transition can be observed at 1?620 K. The TG results showed that, for the nanozised ZSM 5, the maximum mass loss ratio is 6 9%, and two mass loss stages can be observed in the temperature ranges of 298~663 K and 923~ 1?273 K, respectively; for the microsized ZSM 5, the maximum mass loss ratio is 6 5% and it is more stable than the nanosized ZSM 5. 相似文献
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向水合物储层注入盐类溶液是水合物常规开采技术之一,所以必须掌握储层压力条件下盐类溶液中水合物分解条件及其影响因素.本文研究了NaCl、MgCl2、CaCl2氯盐溶液中甲烷水合物分解条件,结果表明NaCl(2.0、1.0、0.5 mol·L-1)、MgCl2 (1.0、0.5 mol·L-1)和CaCl2 (1.0、0.5 mol·L-1)溶液中甲烷水合物的分解温度比纯水中分别降低了(4.8、2.4、1.0 K (NaCl))、(5.3、1.5 K (MgCl2))和(4.3、1.8 K (CaCl2)).以van der Waals 和Platteeuw 热力学模型为基础,结合电解质溶液中水的活度方程(Pitzer-Mayorga 方程),给出了氯盐溶液中水合物分解条件热力学模型,进而比较了模型计算值与实验值,结果显示两者非常吻合.分析表明,氯盐溶液中离子静电作用产生的水分子溶剂化效应和盐析效应降低了水的活度而导致水合物分解温度降低. 相似文献
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线团式纳米NaY分子筛复合材料的制备及形成机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过在偏高岭土水热合成NaY分子筛的晶化过程中加入乙醇的方法,制备了线团式纳米NaY分子筛复合材料,用XRD、SEM、ICP OES研究了晶化过程中固液相结构和组成的变化,初步探讨了其形成机理,提出了制备纳米NaY分子筛复合材料的条件. 相似文献