磁性核壳纳米粒子的制备及其在分离和光谱检测中的应用

磁性及其核壳复合纳米粒子由于在不同领域中具有广泛应用而受到研究者的极大关注,总结了磁性及磁性核壳纳米粒子常见的制备方法及各自的特点,并重点讨论了其在磁分离及光谱检测方面的应用,也介绍了本课题组在纳米粒子合成及应用方面所做的一部分工作。最后对磁性纳米粒子中存在的问题进行了探讨,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

基于荧光分析的氨基甲酸酯类农药残留检测系统

通过对氨基甲酸酯类农药在紫外光照射下能够产生荧光的机理研究,设计了一种用于检测氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的荧光系统。该系统采用单光源、双光路结构,能够对测量信号和参考信号同时进行处理。采用所设计的筒式光纤探头激发并探测荧光,设计了相应的信号处理电路,实现了计算机管理。利用该系统和稳态光谱仪对西维因进行了对比实验。结果表明:在激发波长为319nm、荧光波长为654nm时,最小检测浓度为5×10-7μg/L。当西维因浓度范围在0.0～120.0μg/L之间时,系统具有较好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.9996(信噪比S/N=5)。该系统达到了荧光检测的指标。     

改进的合肥光源逐束团流强测量方案

 对于多束团运行的储存环,逐束团流强的测量是研究注入填充和束流不稳定性阈值等的重要内容。介绍了加速器常用的一些逐束团监测手段,在此基础上,利用HLS（Hefei Light Source）现有的逐束团测量设备,并配合相应前端信号处理电路,进行了HLS储存环逐束团流强测量。实验线路方面,在传统的高频频率倍频信号检波的基础上,尝试了新的与同步方波信号检波的方法。分别在多束团和单束团情况下对HLS的束团流强进行了连续检测实验,对实验结果进行线性拟合,得到了定标结果,结果表明系统的1阶线性拟合标准偏差均在1%左右;最后对其中非线性部分的物理本质进行了解释。     

节律性时间期待和空间期待对听觉目标辨别的影响

合理的推断和预期是加快辨别听觉目标的关键。通过听觉目标辨别的反应时任务,研究了听感知过程中节律性时间期待和空间期待对声音目标辨别的影响。实验中,听觉序列中各声音以规律或不规律的时间节奏、沿有序或随机的空间方位呈现,形成四种期待条件:时间和空间期待兼备、只有时间期待、只有空间期待和没有期待。被试对声音序列末尾随机呈现的听觉目标尽快做按键反应。结果发现:（1）节律性时间期待显著加快被试对目标声音的反应速度;（2）空间期待对目标辨别速度的促进作用仅在时间非规律条件下发生。可见,在辨别听觉目标时,听者优先使用时间期待,并在无有效时间预测信息时使用空间期待,以促成对声音目标的最优知觉加工。     

Multipoint parallel excitation and CCD-based imaging system for high-throughput fluorescence detection of biochip micro-arrays

We report the development and the characterization of a multipoint parallel excitation and CCD-based imaging system for high-throughput fluorescence detection of biochip micro-arrays. A two-dimensional array of (19×19) points with uniform intensity distribution, generated by a holographic array generator, was used for parallel excitation of two-dimensional micro-arrays of fluorescence samples. A CCD-based imaging system was used for high-throughput parallel detection and quantitative analysis of the fluorescence output. Micro-array samples of cyanine (Cy5) dye dots on silicon wafers and on glass substrates with varying concentration were used to evaluate the performance of the system. Results of fluorescence intensity measurements with varying concentration of dye and with different image acquisition time are presented. We have demonstrated that this novel approach will, in general, outperform the conventional approach in the excitation efficiency, the signal-to-noise ratio, and the throughput. The limitations and the potential improvements of the present method are discussed.     

An integrated phase-resolved fluorescence imaging system with sub-nanosecond lifetime resolution

In this paper, a novel configuration of an integrated phase-resolved (PR) fingerprint fluorescence imaging system is proposed and implemented. In this integrated PR imaging system, a current modulated 402 nm dual diode laser is proposed to be the light source, to obtain both high laser power and easy modulability. To estimate the lifetime resolution of this PR imaging system, a novel method of using distance-selective suppression of fluorescence signals from two identical fluorescing samples is proposed. Detailed theoretical and experimental analyses are presented. The experimental results demonstrate that this integrated PR imaging system has a lifetime resolution of 0.1 ns. Fingerprint detection experiments are also carried out using this system with latent fingerprints deposited on substrates of aluminum foil and currency.     

一种光谱偏振成像系统设计及应用

为了获取目标和背景的偏振信息,提高地面目标识别的准确度,提出一种光谱偏振成像探测系统。该系统采用旋转偏振片的方式对入射光的偏振状态进行调制,通过旋转滤光片进行光谱选择,从而实现光谱偏振成像探测。通过对该系统偏振度的探测精度进行实验测试,结果表明,所设计的光谱偏振成像探测系统达到4%的探测精度。利用该系统对地物背景中的迷彩伪装板进行了探测实验,分析所得的偏振度图像发现,目标在背景中较为明显,与草地及土壤背景区域偏振度的差值分别达到0.292和0.283。     

多道检测-激光诱导荧光光谱分析装置研究

采用Nd∶YAG激光器为激发光源,与CCD光学多道分析系统联用建立了多 道检测-激光诱导荧光光谱分析装置,并对该装置的设计进行了优化,荧光光谱测量范围35 0～1 000 nm,波长精度0.3 nm,探测器光谱响应灵敏度0.1 LX。采集和检测了若丹明6G乙 醇溶液的高信噪比荧光谱,最低检出限达到10-8 mol/L。线性范围为10-6～10-8 mol/L。将所建立的装置用于若丹明B荧光淬灭法测定水中硒的含量,获得了满意 的结果。方法的线性范围为1～10 μg/L,检出限为0.5 μg/L,加标回收率为81.3%～112.5 %。     

Diclofenac and naproxen analysis by microbore liquid chromatography (LC) with native fluorescence detection

A microbore LC system applying native fluorescence detection is described for analysis of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents diclofenac and naproxen in pharmaceutical preparations, allowing the visualization of some diclofenac decomposition products. The suggested system is practical and specific and offers detection limits of 0.2 g ml^–1 for diclofenac and of 1 pg ml^–1 for naproxen (solutions to be injected). Moreover, the solvent consumption is reduced by a 10-fold factor compared to the classical HPLC setup.     

农药荧光寿命测试系统的原理与设计

介绍荧光的产生、荧光寿命的产生机理以及荧光寿命测量的基本原理。设计了一种利用直接记录法(光子计数法)测量农药荧光寿命的测试系统。该系统针对待测样品的特性，选用了相应的脉冲光源、光学元件和半导体探测器等器件，优化了各器件的工作参数，进行了简易而又科学的模块化设计，并对西维因农药的荧光寿命在无激励光干扰情况下进行了实际测试，测得了西维因溶液在500μg／L浓度时的荧光衰减曲线和荧光寿命(0.30～0.40ns)。结果表明，该系统具有结构简易、操作方便的优点，能测量100ps级的荧光寿命，适合于对能发荧光的农药进行荧光寿命的定量测量。     

Monte Carlo modeling of gold nanoparticles detection limits of benchtop three-dimensional L- and K-shell X-ray fluorescence mapping systems

This study aims to investigate the detection limits of gold nanoparticle (GNP) concentrations by Monte Carlo (MC) modeling of benchtop polychromatic K- and L-shell X-ray fluorescence mapping system. In Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP version 6.1) simulations, a 0.25-cm-diameter cylinder containing GNPs of various concentrations (i.e., 0.005%–1.0% gold by weight, wt%) was assumed to be located at the center of a cylindrical water phantom of various diameters (1.0–10 cm). Two different sets of incident pencil beam X-rays and detectors were modeled to stimulate X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of GNPs: (1) 62 kVp and silicon drift detector for L-XRF, (2) 105 kVp and cadmium telluride detector for K-XRF. The detection limits were calculated for given radiation doses to the center of phantom (375–1500 mGy). When the diameter of the phantom was 1 cm, the detection limits for L-XRF and K-XRF were an order of 0.001 wt% and of 0.01 wt%, respectively. The detectability of K-XRF turned out to be superior to that of L-XRF for the phantoms greater than or equal to 3 cm in diameter. The MC results will provide a guide for developing an optimal benchtop XRF imaging system for in vivo preclinical imaging, depending on the sizes of GNP-loaded objects, GNP concentrations, and radiation doses.     

一种使用高灵敏度荧光显微镜系统进行活细胞研究的方法

利用显微镜进行细胞观察和实验，一般的做法都是将细胞做成切片，细胞难免会受到损伤，从而影响实验及观察结果。为了使细胞研究更为准确，便于临床应用，开发、研制活细胞的观察工具是必由之路。以高灵敏度荧光显微镜为基础，合理设计了一种新型暗场照明器。这种新型暗场照明器的工作距离可达３００ｍｍ，完全可以满足为活细胞滴加试剂的需要，已采得经过荧光染色的活细胞图像。这一设计解决了一个非常实际的问题，为活细胞的医学研究奠定了坚实的基础。     

故障树知识在空分系统故障诊断推理中的应用

从某大型空分系统的故障诊断专家系统实例出发,提出了二叉故障树的概念,并结合膨胀机模块的某一故障现象,建立了二叉故障树的原型。以此为基础,着重研究了二叉故障树在专家系统中的计算机表示和基于故障树知识的诊断推理机制。     

基于FPGA的智能建筑湿度检测控制系统设计

在信息化社会,智能建筑越来越多的被提及,智能建筑是指对建筑内外信息交换、舒适性、便利性和节能性的要求;建筑物室内湿度是人们在其中生活、工作、生产的重要考量因素;而随着技术发展,以高效稳定的FPGA芯片为核心的控制系统开始向智能建筑领域应用部署;因此文章提出并设计了基于FPGA的智能建筑湿度检测控制系统方案;文中采用硬件分析和软件设计相结合的方法;硬件分析需要对系统做一个整体把握并寻找经济实惠、稳定可靠的芯片,硬件的可靠是系统稳定工作的前提;软件设计需要将系统的工作方式和实际可能遇到的问题考虑进去,提高系统的容错能力;最后软硬结合并实验实践操作验证系统的可靠性;在实验结果中,该系统可以有效的调节室内的湿度并根据遇到的问题发出警告提示;得出结论,以FPGA控制器为核心的系统,可以担起智能建筑的湿度检测控制任务,并稳定工作。     

差动共焦式纳米级光聚焦探测系统的研究

为解决纳米级大范围的非接触测量问题 ,提出了基于差动式共焦显微技术的光聚焦探测系统。介绍了系统的工作原理和结构装置 ,对系统中的关键技术进行了优化设计 ,通过对共焦光路的差动设计 ,可以有效地抑制光源的噪声和漂移对测量结果的影响。初步实验结果表明 ,该系统的轴向分辨率可达 2 nm     

Surface plasmon resonance in nano-gold antimony glass–ceramic dichroic nanocomposites: One-step synthesis and enhanced fluorescence application

A single-step melt-quench in situ thermochemical reduction technique has been used to synthesize a new series of Au° nanoparticles embedded antimony glass–ceramic (K₂O–B₂O₃–Sb₂O₃–ZnO) dichroic nanocomposites. X-ray and selected area electron diffractions manifest growth of Au° nanoparticles along (2 0 0) planes. The particle sizes obtained from X-ray diffraction patterns are found to vary in the range 4–21 nm. Dichroic behavior is attributed to the elliptical shape gold nanoparticles having aspect ratio 1.2, as observed from the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. The Au° nanoparticles exhibit surface plasmon resonance band (SPR) around 600 nm, which experiences red-shifts with increasing Au concentration. These nanocomposites when co-doped with Sm₂O₃ and excited at 949 nm, exhibit 2-fold intensification of 636 nm red emission transition (⁴G_5/2 → ⁶H_9/2) due to SPR induced local field enhancement of Au° nanoparticles and are promising materials for display applications.     

拉盖尔-高斯光束通过光阑-透镜分离系统的聚焦特性和焦移

 使用Collins公式推导了拉盖尔-高斯光束通过光阑-透镜分离系统的光强分布。利用数值计算详细分析和说明了其聚焦特性。分析得出光阑-透镜分离程度的大小影响相对焦移的大小和光强的分布，并引起焦移可能相反或消失。而且发现满足一定条件时在一段较大的轴向距离上光强几乎等于光强极大值，从而可获得一个较大的光强极大范围。     

拉盖尔-高斯光束通过光阑-透镜分离系统的聚焦特性和焦移

使用Collins公式推导了拉盖尔-高斯光束通过光阑-透镜分离系统的光强分布。利用数值计算详细分析和说明了其聚焦特性。分析得出光阑-透镜分离程度的大小影响相对焦移的大小和光强的分布,并引起焦移可能相反或消失。而且发现满足一定条件时在一段较大的轴向距离上光强几乎等于光强极大值,从而可获得一个较大的光强极大范围。     

拉索锚固系统隐蔽部分安防预警检测装置的设计

斜拉桥锚固区拉索索体隐蔽在预埋管内,肉眼无法检测其损伤情况。搭建了一套基于高分辨率的视频采集检测技术装置,实现了隐蔽段拉索索体的远距离观测和狭小空间内的外表损伤检测。系统主要由光学支架与精密机械支撑装置、光学成像系统、照明光源、驱动电机控制、IP摄像机视频采集系统等部分组成。设计了一套3个不同焦距（长焦、中焦和短焦）的望远物镜,通过转换器实现在不同监控距离上的适配选用,物镜系统与照明系统远分离,使成像光路有效地避开隐蔽部分的恶劣环境。实践证明,该装置能有效采集到清晰的索体外表面监控视频图像,可用于预应力构筑物安防预警等方面。