Luminescence of yttrium niobium-tantalate doubly activated by europium and/or terbium under X-ray and electron beam excitation

This paper reports the luminescence emission spectra of Y(Ta,Nb)O₄ activated by rare earth ions such as Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺. The influence of these rare earth ions on the luminescence of yttrium niobium-tantalate phosphors was investigated. The luminescent properties were studied under X-ray and electron beam excitations. Under these excitations, the emission centers of the rare earth activators (Eu³⁺,Tb³⁺) were found to contribute efficiently to the overall luminescence. Changing the mol concentration of the incorporated activators resulted in a broad variation of visible photoluminescence. Color cathodoluminescence images showed clearly the dependence of chromaticity on the different activators. With their various luminescence chromaticities, these rare earth activated phosphors are promising materials for solid-state lighting applications as well as for X-ray intensifying screens in medical diagnosis, providing a broad variation of visible photoluminescence from blue to red.     

Sensitivized photoluminescence of manganese in calcium sulfate phosphors

Although the sensitivization mechanism of the excitation of manganese in calcium sulfate phosphors is considered to be the most probable [1] it has not been sufficiently confirmed by direct luminescence measurements, and in certain cases, the results of these measurements contradict each other. In [4] the sensitivizing action of the WO ₄ ^?2 group on the luminescence of the Mn²⁺ ion was established for mixed phosphors based on calcium sulfate and tungstenate, but this effect was not studied in detail. Previously, we observed lattice-defect sensitivization of the radioluminescence of Mn²⁺ in radioactive CaSO₄·Mn phosphors [5]. On the other hand, the work of Rudolph and Ruffer [2] on the cerium sensitivization of Mn²⁺ luminescence is not confirmed by other researchers [3]. In the same work it was shown that Pb, Sn, and Bi also sensitivize Mn²⁺ luminescence in CaSO₄.     

Luminescent characteristics of LiCaBo3:M (M=Eu, Sm, Tb, Ce, Dy) phosphor for white LED

LiCaBO₃:M (M=Eu³⁺, Sm³⁺, Tb³⁺, Ce³⁺, Dy³⁺) phosphors were synthesized by a normal solid-state reaction using CaCO₃, H₃BO₃, Li₂CO₃, Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃, Eu₂O₃, Sm₂O₃, Tb₄O₇, CeO₂ and Dy₂O₃ as starting materials. The emission and excitation spectra were measured by a SHIMADZU RF-540 UV spectrophotometer. And the results show that these phosphors can be excited effectively by near-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UVLED), and emit red, green and blue light. Consequently, these phosphors are promising phosphors for white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Under the condition of doping charge compensation Li⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺, the luminescence intensities of these phosphors were increased.     

Er3+/Yb3+掺杂氟硅铅酸盐微晶玻璃的上转换发光

制备了微晶体尺寸大约在10—12 nm范围内的Er³⁺,Yb³⁺共掺杂透明氟硅铅酸盐微晶玻璃.相同功率激发下,纳米微晶玻璃中Er³⁺离子的²H_11/2,⁴S_3/2→⁴I_15/2的绿色上转换荧光和⁴F_9/2→关键词： 3+')" href="#">Er³⁺ 3+')" href="#">Yb³⁺ 能量传递 纳米微晶玻璃     

New fast-decaying green and red phosphors for 3D application of plasma display panels

Fast-decaying phosphors are essential for a 3D plasma display panel (PDP) with high image quality. However, conventional green and red PDP phosphors have slow-decaying characteristics. We present the luminescence properties of new phosphors for 3D PDP application. Decay times of Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺, (Y,Gd)Al₃(BO₃)₄:Tb³⁺, and (Y,Gd)₂O₃:Eu³⁺ were significantly shorter than those of conventional PDP phosphors. CIE chromaticity coordinates and luminescence efficiencies of the phosphors were also suitable for PDP application. The development of fast-decaying PDP phosphors has enabled commercialization of 3D/2D switchable PDP television for the first time in PDP industry.     

Intense blue-emitting Ca5Al8O14: Eu phosphor for mercury free lamp

The calcium aluminates doped with Eu ions, Ca₅Al₈O₁₄: Eu, phosphors are prepared by the combustion method. The formation of crystalline aluminates was confirmed by X-ray diffraction pattern. The prepared phosphors were characterized by SEM, TGA, DTA, particle size analyzer and Photoluminescence (PL) techniques. From the UV-excited luminescence spectra it was found that the Eu ions acts as a luminescent centre with luminescence at the blue (λ _max = 470 nm) region due to 4f ⁶5d ¹ → 4f ⁷ transition. The excitation spectra show the broad band at 355 nm wavelength (λ _em = 470 nm). The excitation 355 nm is a mercury free excitation and therefore Ca₅Al₈O₁₄: Eu may be useful for the solid state lighting phosphor in lamp industry.      

Effect of cation mixing on luminescence of Eu in SrCl2

SrCl₂ forms solid solutions of various compositions with BaCl₂ and CaCl₂. Orthorhombic and tetragonal phases are also known to occur in the SrCl₂-CaCl₂ system. Though efficient emission of Eu²⁺ in SrCl₂ and CaCl₂ is known, there are no reports available on Eu²⁺ luminescence in the solid solutions and other phases. Investigations on these lines were carried out and the results are presented in this paper. Very intense emission comparable to that of the commercial lamp phosphors was observed for the solid solutions while the intensities for the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases are an order of magnitude smaller. Emission wavelengths do not vary much while excitation spectra for the solid solutions are much enhanced in the near UV region (350-400 nm). It is suggested that these results will be significant for developing phosphors with near UV excitations needed in applications such as solid state lighting.     

Awakening the Dumb Site to Realize Ultra-Broadband NIR Phosphor

Near-infrared (NIR) light sources have gained immense popularity in recent years due to their wide range of applications in various fields, including spectroscopy and biomedical imaging. However, the limited emission bandwidth of NIR phosphors is a significant bottleneck in their development. Here, a novel strategy is reported to broaden the emission bandwidth of NIR phosphors by awakening the dumb site. Na₄M₃Ta(PO₄)₆: Cr³⁺ (M = Al³⁺, Ga³⁺, In³⁺) phosphor is synthesized, which exhibits a greatly broadened bandwidth from 134 to 232 nm. Structural and spectral analysis reveals that the NaO₆ octahedral site has a severe t_2g-type distortion, making it a dumb site for Cr³⁺. By introducing larger In³⁺ at the M site, the angular distortion at the NaO₆ site decreases to the normal range, enabling the luminescence of Cr³⁺ again. Along with the broadened bandwidth, the emission peak also redshifts from 802 to 977 nm, giving advantages in NIR spectroscopy applications. Interestingly, the awakened luminescence at the NaO₆ site shows even better luminescence properties than the original M/TaO₆ octahedral site. These findings reveal a novel insight into the luminescence of Cr³⁺ at the octahedral site, which could potentially revolutionize the design of NIR phosphors.     

红色LiMBO3 : Re3+(Re=Eu,Sm) 发光材料的特性

采用固相法制备了红色LiM(M=Ca, Sr, Ba)BO₃ : Re³⁺(Re=Eu, Sm)发光材料,研究了材料的发光性能。研究发现LiM(M=Ca, Sr, Ba)BO₃ : Eu³⁺材料呈现多峰发射,最强发射分别位于610,615,613 nm处,分别监测这三个最强峰,所得激发光谱峰值位于369,400,470 nm。LiM(M=Ca, Sr, Ba)BO₃ : Sm³⁺材料也呈多峰发射,分别对应Sm³⁺的⁴G_5/2→⁶H_5/2、⁴G_5/2→⁶H_7/2和⁴G_5/2→⁶H_9/2跃迁发射;分别监测602,599,597 nm三个最强发射峰,所得激发光谱峰值位于374,405 nm。研究了激活剂浓度对材料发射强度的影响,结果随激活剂浓度的增大,发射强度先增强后减弱,即,存在浓度猝灭效应。实验表明,加入电荷补偿剂Li⁺、Na⁺或K⁺均可提高LiM(M=Ca, Sr, Ba)BO₃ : Re³⁺(Re=Eu, Sm)材料的发射强度。     

Recombination luminescence of CaSO4:Tb3+ and CaSO4:Gd3+phosphors

A comparative study of the excitation of luminescence by VUV radiation as well as of thermally and photostimulated luminescence has been carried out for CaSO₄:Tb³⁺ and CaSO₄:Gd³⁺ phosphors, where Na⁺ or F⁻ ions are used for charge compensation. The distinction in hole processes for the phosphors with Na⁺ or F⁻ compensators is determined by the differing thermal stability of the holes localized at/near Tb³⁺Na⁺ and Gd³⁺Na⁺ (up to 100–160 K) or at/near Tb³⁺F⁻ V _Ca and Gd³⁺F⁻ V _Ca centers involving also a cation vacancy (up to 400–550 K). Tunnel luminescence in the pairs of localized electrons and holes nearby Tb³⁺ or Gd³⁺ has been detected. The mechanisms of electron-hole, hole-electron and tunnel recombination luminescence as well as a subsequent released energy transfer to RE³⁺ ions are considered.     

Low temperature quenching and high efficiency Tm, La or Tb co-doped CaSc2O4:Ce phosphors for light-emitting diodes

Low temperature quenching and high efficiency CaSc₂O₄:Ce³⁺ (CSO:Ce³⁺) phosphors co-doped with Tm³⁺, La³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions were prepared by a solid state method and the phase-forming, morphology, luminescence and application properties of these phosphors were investigated. The results showed that co-doping of Tm³⁺, La³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions can improve the luminescence properties and decrease temperature quenching of CSO:Ce³⁺ phosphor remarkably. High efficiency green-light-emitting diodes were fabricated with the prepared phosphors and InGaN blue-emitting (∼460 nm) chips. The good performances of the green-light-emitting LEDs made from co-doped CSO:Ce³⁺ phosphors confirm the luminescence enhancement and indicate that Tm³⁺, La³⁺ and Tb³⁺ co-doped CSO:Ce³⁺ phosphors are suitable candidates for the fabrication of high efficiency white LEDs.     

Novel red phosphors for solid state lighting; the system BixLn1−xVO4; Eu/Sm (Ln=Y, Gd)

Solid solutions of vanadates of formula Bi_xLn_1−xVO₄ (Ln=Y, Gd) doped with Eu³⁺ or Sm³⁺ ions have been synthesized by solid-state reactions. Intense red/orange-red luminescence is obtained in these samples on excitation in the broad charge-transfer band in the near UV. The excitation in the Eu³⁺ levels leads to much less intense red emission. These materials could find applications as red phosphors for solid-state white lighting devices utilizing GaN-based excitation in the near UV.     

Luminescent features of sol–gel derived rare-earth multi-doped oxyfluoride nano-structured phosphors for white LED application

Rare-earth doped oxyfluoride 75SiO₂:25PbF₂ nano-structured phosphors for white-light-emitting diodes were synthesized by thermal treatment of precursor sol–gel derived glasses. Room temperature luminescence features of Eu³⁺, Sm³⁺, Tb³⁺, Eu³⁺/Tb³⁺, and Sm³⁺/Tb³⁺ ions incorporated into low-phonon-energy PbF₂ nanocrystals dispersed in the aluminosilicate glass matrix and excited with UV light emitting diode were investigated. The luminescence spectra exhibited strong emission signals in the red (600, 610, 625, and 646 nm), green (548 and 560 nm), and blue (485 nm) wavelength regions. White-light emission was observed in Sm/Tb and Eu/Tb double-doped activated phosphors employing UV-LED excitation at 395 nm. The dependence of the luminescence emission intensities upon annealing temperature and rare-earth concentration was also examined. The results indicated that there exist optimum annealing temperature and activator ion concentration in order to obtain intense visible emission light with high color rendering index. The study suggests that the nanocomposite phosphor based upon 75SiO₂:25PbF₂ host herein reported is a promising contender for white-light LED applications.     

Sol-gel method and luminescence properties of the ZrO<Subscript>2</Subscript>:Eu<Superscript>3+</Superscript> phosphors with different charge compensation

Eu³⁺-doped ZrO₂ phosphors with different charge compensators (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) were prepared by the sol-gel method. The properties of the as-obtained samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, photoluminescence spectra, and decay curve. The results show that ZrO₂:Eu³⁺ phosphors with different charge compensation are mixed phase of tetragonal and monoclinic phase, and the volume fraction of tetragonal phase of ZrO₂:Eu³⁺/Na⁺ phosphor is bigger than the other phosphors. The phosphors can emit strong red light at 606~616 nm (⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂) excited by ultraviolet light (395 nm). Compared with two charge compensation patterns in the ZrO₂:Eu³⁺, it has been found that ZrO₂:Eu³⁺ phosphors used Na⁺ as charge compensator show greatly enhanced red emission under 395 nm excitation and longer luminescence lifetime.     

Crystal structure and photoluminescence of (Y1−xCex)2Si3O3N4

Oxonitridosilicate phosphors with compositions of (Y_1−xCe_x)₂Si₃O₃N₄ (x=0−0.2) have been synthesized by solid state reaction method. The structures and photoluminescence properties have been investigated. Ce³⁺ ions have substituted for Y³⁺ ions in the lattice. The emission and excitation spectra of these phosphors show the characteristic photoluminescence spectra of Ce³⁺ ions. Based on the analyses of the diffuse reflection spectra and the PL spectra, a systematic energy diagram of Ce³⁺ ion in the forbidden band of sample with x=0.02 is given. The best doping Ce content in these phosphors is ∼2 mol%. The quenching temperature is ∼405 K for the 2 mol% Ce content sample. The luminescence decay properties were investigated. The primary studies indicate that these phosphors are potential candidates for application in three-phosphor-converted white LEDs.     

掺Er3+氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷的直接上转换敏化发光

研究了ErYb共掺的氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷的直接上转换敏化发光现象,发现其上转换机理主要是 Er³⁺与Yb³⁺离子间的能量传递上转换而不是Er³⁺离子 的步进多光子吸收.研究发现由于稀土离子优先富集到Pb_xCd_1-xF2微晶中,形成数个稀土离子组成的耦合团,使其存在强烈的团簇效应,一方面导 致了上转换荧光非常强,另一方面也导致了上转换荧光随抽运激光功率的对数变化F-P曲线 存在逐 关键词： 直接上转换敏化 氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷 上转换合作辐射荧光     

Encapsulating MAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ (M = Sr,Ca, Ba) phosphors with triethanolamine to enhance water resistance

Traditional aluminates phosphors with persistent luminescence are chemically unstable to water or moisture. Thus, how to improve the water-resistance of these phosphors is becoming a key issue in their practical applications. In this work, a series of alkaline earth aluminate phosphors including MAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺, Dy³⁺ (M = Sr, Ca, Ba) have been prepared by a co-precipitation synthesis and postannealing approach, using 8-hydroxyquinoline and sodium oxalate as precipitants. The samples before and after encapsulation were well characterized by means of XRPD, FESEM, FT-IR, TGA-DTG and PL techniques as well as water resistance measurements. The precipitants involved can react with Al³⁺ and Sr²⁺ (or Ca²⁺, Ba²⁺) to form complex compounds in aqueous solution, which further convert into porous phosphors by postannealing method under reducing atmosphere. Next, triethanolamine encapsulation at room temperature was conducted onto their surfaces to improve the water resistance. The results reveal that the encapsulation of aluminate phosphors with triethanolamine can effectively enhance the water resistance, and minimally affect on persistent phosphorescence.     

Solvothermal synthesis and luminescence properties of Tb-doped gadolinium aluminum garnet

Different concentrations of Tb³⁺ ion-doped gadolinium aluminum garnet (GAG) nanophosphors have been synthesized by solvothermal reaction method and sintered at 1300 °C. The XRD patterns confirm that the GAG phosphors sintered at 1300 °C have a garnet structure with single cubic phase. The calculated crystallite size is about 92 nm. The SEM images of the phosphors show the spherical morphology agglomerated with many small particles. The luminescence properties of these phosphors have been carried out by the emission and excitation spectra along with lifetime measurements. The excitation spectra of GAG:Tb³⁺ phosphors consist of three broad bands due to the 4f⁸→4f⁷5d¹ transition and some sharp peaks due to the 4f⁸→4f⁸ transition. The emission spectra of the phosphors reveal two colors, such as blue due to ⁵D₃→⁷F_J transitions and green due to the ⁵D₄→⁷F_J transitions. The dynamics of the phosphors have been investigated by decay curves and the cross-relaxation process and is observed at 0.5 mol% Tb³⁺ concentration.     

Photoluminescence and gamma-ray irradiation of SrAl2O4:Euand Y2O3:Eu phosphors

Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ phosphor is a very attractive material for use as a red phosphor in many fields. SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺ belongs to long lasting phosphor (LLP) and it is a useful bluish-green luminescence material, which can also be a promising candidate as a simple and easy-to-use radiation detection element for visual display of two dimensional radiation distributions. In the present study, both these two kinds of phosphors were synthesized using high temperature solid state reactions. In our work, the influence of gamma-ray irradiation on the properties of these two kinds of phosphors was studied by comparing photoluminescence, brightness and the decay curve of unirradiated and gamma-ray-irradiated samples. Conclusions from the present work can be briefly summarized as follows. In irradiated samples, the brightness is decreased without sensible change in the wavelength distribution of the luminescence spectrum and in the decay kinetic upon gamma exposure. Moreover, the emission due to Eu³⁺→Eu²⁺ conversion in Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ phosphors was not observed in our sample after irradiation to high exposure. Also the brightness of SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺ phosphor turned out to decrease after the exposition to ionizing radiation while the luminescence wavelength distribution remained unchanged. The reason for the effect of gamma-ray irradiation on the properties of phosphors is also discussed in the paper.     

Luminescence and evaluation of trapping parameters in NaMgSO4Cl: X (X=Cu or Ce) phosphor

Thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of recently developed high sensitive mixed halosulphate phosphors, NaMgSO₄Cl: Cu and NaMgSO₄Cl: Ce were studied in comparison with CaSO₄: Dy in order to assess the possibility of their use in personal monitoring and TLD phosphors at very low dose of 5 Gy. It was found that NaMgSO₄Cl: Cu is 5.59 times and NaMgSO₄Cl: Ce is 6.18 times more sensitive as compared to standard CaSO₄: Dy. UV photo-excited luminescence from Cu to Ce doped NaMgSO₄Cl halosulphate phosphors has been investigated. The intense emission of the spectrum is assigned to electronic transitions 3d⁹4s¹→3d¹⁰ in monovalent copper ion and 5d→4f in Ce³⁺ ions. Increase in PL peak intensity suggesting that Cu and Ce play an important role in PL emission in the present matrix. These phosphors were synthesized by the wet chemical method. XRD, photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) characterization of phosphors has been reported in this paper. The preparation of an inexpensive and high sensitive NaMgSO₄Cl: Cu and NaMgSO₄Cl: Ce with TL glow peaks for different concentrations are observed between 160 and 195 °C and between 200 and 225 °C, respectively, exposed to gamma-rays of ⁶⁰Co for their thermoluminescence (TL) properties. The glow curves have been recorded at a heating rate of 2 K s^?1 and irradiated at a dose rate of 0.995 kGy h^?1 for 5 Gy. In present study the trapping parameters such as order of kinetics (b), activation energy (E) and frequency factors (s) have been calculated for the 195 and 200 °C glow peaks of NaMgSO₄Cl: Cu and NaMgSO₄Cl: Ce, respectively by using Chen's method. The paper discusses the luminescence of Cu⁺ and Ce³⁺ by simple method of incorporation in NaMgSO₄Cl host.