Correlation of normal neutrino mass ordering with upper octant of θ_(23) and third quadrant of δ via RGE-induced μ-τ symmetry breaking

The recent global analysis of three-flavor neutrino oscillation data indicates that the normal neutrino mass ordering is favored over the inverted one at the 3σ level, and the best-fit values of the largest neutrino mixing angle θ_(23) and the Dirac CP-violating phase δ are located in the higher octant and third quadrant, respectively. We show that all these important issues can be naturally explained by the μ-τ reflection symmetry breaking of massive neutrinos from a superhigh energy scale down to the electroweak scale owing to the one-loop renormalization-group equations(RGEs) in the minimal supersymmetric standard model(MSSM). The complete parameter space is explored for the first time in both the Majorana and Dirac cases, by allowing the smallest neutrino mass m1 and the MSSM parameter tanβ to vary within their reasonable regions.     

A simplest seesaw model of the TM1 and μ-τ reflection symmetries for the neutrino masses and leptogenesis

In this paper, following the Occam’s razor principle, we have put forward a very simple form of the Dirac neutrino mass matrix M_D in the minimal seesaw model with the right-handed neutrino mass matrix being diagonal M_R=diag(M₁,M₂); it has one texture zero and only contains three real parameters, whose values can be determined from the neutrino oscillation experimental results. Such a model leads to a neutrino mass matrix M_v? -M_DM<...     

Spontaneous U（1） symmetry breaking and Bose-Einstein condensation

Based on Bogoliubov's truncated Hamiltonian H_B for a weakly interacting Bose system, and adding a U(1) symmetry breaking term $\sqrt{V}(\lambda a₀+\lambda^*a₀⁺) to H_B, we show by using the coherent state theory and the mean-field approximation rather than the c-number approximations, that the Bose--Einstein condensation(BEC) occurs if and only if the U(1) symmetry of the system is spontaneously broken. The real ground state energy and the justification of the Bogoliubov c-number substitution are given by solving the Schr\"{o}dinger eigenvalue equation and using the self-consistent condition.     

Natural inflation and flavor mixing from Peccei–Quinn symmetry breaking

We propose a left–right symmetric model to simultaneously give natural inflation and flavor mixing from a Peccei–Quinn symmetry breaking at the Planck scale. Our model can be embedded into SO(10)$\mathit{SO}(10)$ grand unification theories.     

Lattice (Φ 4)4 effective potential giving spontaneous symmetry breaking and the role of the Higgs mass

We present a critical reappraisal of the available results on the broken phase ofλ(Φ ⁴)₄ theory, as obtained from rigorous formal analyses and from lattice calculations. All the existing evidence is compatible with Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking but dictates a trivially free shifted field that becomes controlled by a quadratic hamiltonian in the continuum limit. As recently pointed out, this implies that the simple one-loop effective potential should become effectively exact. Moreover, the usual naive assumption that the Higgs mass-squaredm _h ² is proportional to its “renormalized” self-couplingλ _R is not valid outside perturbation theory: the appropriate continuum limit hasm _h finite and vanishingλ _R . A Monte Carlo lattice computation of theλ(Φ ⁴)₄ effective potential, both in the single-component and in theO(2)-symmetric cases, is shown to agree very well with the one-loop prediction. Moreover, its perturbative leading-log improvement (based on the concept ofλ _R ) fails to reproduce the Monte Carlo data. These results, while supporting in a new fashion the peculiar “triviality” of theλ(Φ ⁴)₄ theory, also imply that, outside perturbation theory, the magnitude of the Higgs mass does not give a measure of the observable interactions in the scalar sector of the standard model.     

Charge independence breaking and charge symmetry breaking in the nucleon–nucleon interaction from effective field theory

We discuss charge symmetry and charge independence breaking in an effective field theory approach for few-nucleon systems. We systematically introduce strong isospin-violating and electromagnetic operators in the theory. The charge dependence observed in the nucleon–nucleon scattering lengths is due to one-pion exchange and one electromagnetic four-nucleon contact term. This gives a parameter free expression for the charge dependence of the corresponding effective ranges, which is in agreement with the rather small and uncertain empirical determinations. We also compare the low energy phase shifts of the nn and the np system. We present a classification scheme for corrections to the leading order results and show that power counting explains previously made phenomenological observations.     

Universal seesaw from left–right and Peccei–Quinn symmetry breaking

To generate the lepton and quark masses in the left–right symmetric models, we can consider a universal seesaw scenario by integrating out heavy fermion singlets which have the Yukawa couplings with the fermion and Higgs doublets. The universal seesaw scenario can also accommodate the leptogenesis with Majorana or Dirac neutrinos. We show that the fermion singlets can obtain their heavy masses from the Peccei–Quinn symmetry breaking.     

Friedberg-Lee neutrino model with μ-τ reflection symmetry

In this letter, we make an attempt to embed the μ-τ reflection symmetry (which predicts maximal atmospherical mixing angle and Dirac CP phase) in the Friedberg-Lee neutrino model (which employs a translational flavor symmetry and keeps one neutrino mass vanishing) and study the consequences of such a combination.     

具有整体代对称性的左右对称模型中的中微子质量

本文基于具有整体U(1)代对称性的SU(2)_L×SU(2)_R×U(1)模型推导了轻子的味混合矩阵,对中微子的质量问题进行了研究.在本文的模型中,产生轻子Dirac质量的汤川耦合拉格朗日密度具有整体U(1)代对称性,所以,模型中的带电轻子质量矩阵和中微子Dirac质量矩阵是Fritzsch形式的.但是,中微子除了具有Dirac质量,一般还具有Majorana质量,在这种一般情况下, 关键词： 中微子质量 轻子味混合矩阵 左右对称模型 代对称性     

Linear seesaw model with T7 symmetry for neutrino mass and mixing

We propose a low-scale Standard Model extension with begin{document}$T_7times Z_4 times Z_3times Z_2$end{document} symmetry that can successfully explain observed neutrino oscillation results within the begin{document}$3 sigma$end{document} range. Small neutrino masses are obtained via the linear seesaw mechanism. Normal and inverted neutrino mass orderings are considered with three lepton mixing angles in their experimentally allowed begin{document}$3sigma$end{document} ranges. The model provides a suitable correlation between the solar and reactor neutrino mixing angles, which is consistent with the begin{document}${rm{TM}}_2$end{document} pattern. The prediction for the Dirac phase is begin{document}$delta_{rm CP}in (295.80, 330.0)^circ$end{document} for both normal and inverted orderings, including its experimentally maximum value, while those for the two Majorana phases are begin{document}$eta_1in (349.60, 356.60)^circ,, eta_2=0$end{document} for normal ordering and begin{document}$eta_1in (3.44, 10.37)^circ, , eta_2=0$end{document} for inverted ordering. In addition, the predictions for the effective neutrino masses are consistent with the present experimental bounds.     

离散变质量完整系统的Noether对称性与Mei对称性

本文研究离散变质量完整系统的Noether对称性与Mei对称性.首先用差分离散变分的方法,建立起离散变质量完整系统的运动方程和能量演化方程.然后给出该系统的Noether对称性和Mei对称性的定义及离散Noether守恒量的形式.得到系统的Noether对称性与Mei对称性导致离散Noether守恒量的条件.最后举例说明结果的应用.     

Magnetic rotation and chiral symmetry breaking

The deformed mean field of nuclei exhibits various geometrical and dynamical symmetries which manifest themselves as various types of rotational and decay patterns. Most of the symmetry operations considered so far have been defined for a situation wherein the angular momentum coincides with one of the principal axes and the principal axis cranking may be invoked. New possibilities arise with the observation of rotational features in weakly deformed nuclei and now interpreted as magnetic rotational bands. More than 120 MR bands have now been identified by filtering the existing data. We present a brief overview of these bands. The total angular momentum vector in such bands is tilted away from the principal axes. Such a situation gives rise to several new possibilities including breaking of chiral symmetry as discussed recently by Frauendorf. We present the outcome of such symmetries and their possible experimental verification. Some possible examples of chiral bands are presented.     

On the possibility to determine neutrino mass hierarchy via supernova neutrinos with short-time characteristics

In this paper, we investigate whether it is possible to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy via a high-statistics and real-time observation of supernova neutrinos with short-time characteristics. The essential idea is to utilize distinct times-of-flight for different neutrino mass eigenstates from a core-collapse supernova to the Earth, which may significantly change the time distribution of neutrino events in the future huge water-Cherenkov and liquid-scintillator detectors. For illustration, we consider two different scenarios. The first case is the neutronization burst of emitted in the first tens of milliseconds of a core-collapse supernova, while the second case is the black hole formation during the accretion phase for which neutrino signals are expected to be abruptly terminated. In the latter scenario, it turns out only when the supernova is at a distance of a few Mpc and the fiducial mass of the detector is at the level of gigaton, might we be able to discriminate between normal and inverted neutrino mass hierarchies. In the former scenario, the probability for such a discrimination is even less due to a poor statistics.     

Spontaneous symmetry breaking of arbitrage

We introduce the concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking to arbitrage modeling. In the model, the arbitrage strategy is considered as being in the symmetry breaking phase and the phase transition between arbitrage mode and no-arbitrage mode is triggered by a control parameter. We estimate the control parameter for a momentum strategy with real historical data. The momentum strategy aided by symmetry breaking shows stronger performance and has a better risk measure than the naive momentum strategy in U.S. and South Korean markets.