反冲质子磁分析技术用于氘氚中子能谱测量研究

介绍了一种基于反冲质子法和磁分析技术的氘氚聚变诊断方法, 适用于稳态及脉冲条件下的等离子体温度、燃料密度和中子产额的精确诊断. 设计了小型的原理性装置, 磁分析器使用高性能钕铁硼二极永磁铁, 焦平面上使用CR-39固体径迹探测器或PIN探测器测量质子位置分布. 使用²³⁹Pu α 源对磁分析器进行了实验标定, 建立了配套的模拟程序. 利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟分析了装置整体性能, 并在K-400加速器上进行了中子实验研究.     

磁质子反冲谱仪磁分析系统的设计

磁质子反冲谱仪(MPR)是测量惯性约束聚变（ICF）实验和高功率聚变装置中子能谱的一种新型高性能诊断仪器,磁分析系统是其核心部分。通过2维束流输运和3维粒子输运模拟完成了紧凑型MPR谱仪磁分析系统的设计,对系统参数及系统性能进行了分析,分别根据能量分辨力、探测效率和计数率优先原则提出3种系统设计方案。结果表明:磁分析系统在1.5%～3.0%的能量分辨力范围达到10-5～10-4量级的探测效率,结构紧凑,符合MPR谱仪的设计目标。     

磁质子反冲谱仪磁分析系统的设计

磁质子反冲谱仪(MPR)是测量惯性约束聚变(ICF)实验和高功率聚变装置中子能谱的一种新型高性能诊断仪器,磁分析系统是其核心部分。通过2维束流输运和3维粒子输运模拟完成了紧凑型MPR谱仪磁分析系统的设计,对系统参数及系统性能进行了分析,分别根据能量分辨力、探测效率和计数率优先原则提出3种系统设计方案。结果表明:磁分析系统在1.5%~3.0%的能量分辨力范围达到10-5~10-4量级的探测效率,结构紧凑,符合MPR谱仪的设计目标。     

质子和中子在硅中位移损伤等效性计算

基于蒙特卡罗软件Geant4,探讨质子与硅的库仑散射和核反应及中子与硅的核反应产生反冲原子沉积非电离能量的过程,建立质子和中子在硅中的非电离能量阻止本领计算方法。在此方法中,描述了原子间库仑散射的物理过程,模拟带电粒子与晶格原子之间的屏蔽库仑散射。计算得到不同能量质子和中子在硅中因库仑散射和核反应产生反冲原子的非电离能量沉积及阻止本领的等效性,计算结果与中子ASTM标准及文献计算得到的质子数据符合很好。     

Study of an unfolding algorithm for D-T neutron energy spectra measurement using a recoil proton method

A proton recoil method for measuring D-T neutron energy spectra using polyethylene film and a Si(Au) surface barrier detector is presented. An iteration algorithm for unfolding the recoil proton energy spectrum to the neutron energy spectrum is investigated. The response matrices R of the polyethylene film at angles of 0° and 45° were obtained by simulating the recoil proton energy spectra from mono-energetic neutrons using the MCNPX code. With an assumed D-T neutron spectrum, the recoil proton spectra from the polyethylene film at angles of 0° and 45° were also simulated using the MCNPX code. Based on the response matrices R and the simulated recoil proton spectra at 0° and 45°, the respective unfolded neutron spectra were obtained using the iteration algorithm, and compared with the assumed neutron spectrum. The results show that the iteration algorithm method can be applied to unfold the recoil proton energy spectrum to the neutron energy spectrum for D-T neutron energy spectra measurement using the recoil proton method.     

Geant4在CR39叠层探测器中的应用

利用Geant4程序计算了多种不同组合CR39叠层探测器的中子能量响应函数,研究结果表明,中子能量响应函数曲线的半高宽和探测下限分别由聚乙烯的厚度和吸收片的厚度决定,峰值由聚乙烯和吸收片的厚度共同决定。利用加速器准单能氘氘中子源进行辐照实验,获得了4种不同叠层组合探测器的2.45 MeV中子探测效率,并与计算曲线进行了比较,结果吻合较好,验证了Geant4程序计算结果的可靠性。     

Estimation of the proton energy spectrum in knee region by analog read-out of ARGO-YBJ experiment

Based on the six months data set of ARGO-YBJ experiment with analog read-out and its Monte Carlo simulation,we study the difference between different primaries induced showers by using the space-time information of the charged particles in Extensive Air Showers.With five parameters which can efficiently pick out primary proton induced showers as inputs of an artificial neural network,the proton spectrum from 100 TeV to 10 PeV can be obtained.     

Estimation of the proton energy spectrum in knee region by analog read-out of ARGO-YBJ experiment

Based on the six months data set of ARGO-YBJ experiment with analog read-out and its Monte Carlo simulation, we study the difference between different primaries induced showers by using the space-time information of the charged particles in Extensive Air Showers. With five parameters which can efficiently pick out primary proton induced showers as inputs of an artificial neural network, the proton spectrum from 100 TeV to 10 PeV can be obtained.     

CCD质子辐照损伤效应的三维蒙特卡罗模拟

针对空间质子诱发CCD性能退化问题,开展了CCD质子辐照效应的三维蒙特卡罗模拟研究。采用三维蒙特卡罗软件Geant4模拟计算了不同能量质子在Si和SiO₂中的射程及Bragg峰,分析了不同能量质子在材料中能量沉积的过程,并将模拟结果与相关数据进行对比,模拟误差在5%以内。根据质子与材料相互作用的物理过程,选取了合适的Lindhard分离函数,添加合适的物理过程,模拟计算了不同能量质子在SiO₂中的电离能量损失和Si中的非电离能量损失,并将结果与国外相关数据进行对比。根据CCD的生产工艺参数,建立了单个像元的三维模拟模型,确定了质子辐照损伤的灵敏体积,模拟计算了不同能量质子在像元灵敏体积内的电离能量沉积与非电离能量沉积,分析了CCD不同能量质子的辐照损伤差异产生的机理。结合粒子输运计算结果与CCD质子辐照实验结果,分析了质子辐照诱发CCD辐射敏感参数退化的物理机制。     

Expected energy spectrum of cosmic ray protons and helium below4 PeV measured by LHAASO

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO) is a composite cosmic ray observatory consisting of three detector arrays: kilometer square array(KM2 A), which includes the electromagnetic detector array and muon detector array, water Cherenkov detector array(WCDA) and wide field-of-view Cherenkov telescope array(WFCTA). One of the main scientific objectives of LHAASO is to precisely measure the cosmic rays energy spectrum of individual components from 10~(14) eV to 10~(18) eV. The hybrid observation will be employed by the LHAASO experiment, in which the lateral and longitudinal distributions of extensive air shower can be observed simultaneously. Thus, many kinds of parameters can be used for primary nuclei identification. In this paper, high purity cosmic ray simulation samples of the light nuclei component are obtained using multi-variable analysis. The apertures of 1/4 LHAASO array for pure proton and mixed proton and helium(HHe) samples are 900 m~2 Sr and1800 m~2 Sr, respectively. Prospect of obtaining proton and HHe spectra from 100 TeV to 4 PeV is discussed.     

Calculation of prompt fission neutron spectrum for 233U（n,f）reaction by the semi-empirical method~

The prompt fission neutron spectra for the neutron-induced fission of ²³³U for low energy neutrons (below 6 MeV) are calculated using nuclear evaporation theory with a semi-empirical method, in which the partition of the total excitation energy between the fission fragments for the n_th+²³³U fission reactions is determined by the available experimental and evaluation data. The calculated prompt fission neutron spectra agree well with the experimental data. The proportions of high-energy neutrons of prompt fission neutron spectrum versus incident neutron energies are investigated with the theoretical spectra, and the results are consistent with the systematics. The semi-empirical method could be a useful tool for the prompt evaluation of fission neutron spectra.     

阶梯型脉冲电压诱导连续能量质子谱数值仿真

热控涂层质子辐照的地面模拟研究中采用单一能量质子替代空间能量连续分布的质子,连续能量质子谱是其等效性研究的关键。提出了采用阶梯型脉冲负偏压鞘层加速技术在一个脉冲宽度内获得连续能量质子谱的方法,并利用质点网格法对所获得质子谱的剂量-能量关系进行了数值仿真研究,分析了连续能量质子谱的剂量-能量分布特征及连续能量质子谱的形成过程。结果表明:阶梯型脉冲负偏压鞘层加速能够产生连续能量的质子谱,连续谱是每微秒区间入射到样品的质子叠加而成的,且每个区间所产生质子的能量与该区间电压值相对应,连续谱中,随着质子能量的增加,其剂量总体上呈现下降的趋势。     

Comment to “Dynamics of supercooled confined water measured by deep inelastic neutron scattering”

We comment on the findings of “Dynamics of supercooled confined water measured by deep inelastic neutron scattering”, by V. De Michele, G. Romanelli, and A. Cupane [Front. Phys. 13, 138205 (2018)]. We show that the current sensitivity of the deep inelastic neutron scattering (DINS) method, cannot detect with confidence small differences in the proton kinetic energy, Ke(H), involved in a liquid-liquid transition in supercooled water confined in nanoporous silica. We also critisize the calculation of Ke(H) carried out in Front. Phys. 13, 138205 (2018).     

基于OTSU多阈值分割算法的激光线扫点云数据表达及精简方法研究

激光线扫方式获取的点云数据量庞大,不利于点云数据的存储、处理与分析。为了对激光线扫点云数据进行有效精简,提出了一种基于OTSU多阈值分割算法的激光线扫点云数据表达及精简方法。基于点云数据坐标与图像灰度值的映射,采用OTSU多阈值分割算法进行区域分割,并将分割后的各区域进行边缘提取及细化处理。根据原映射关系将细化的二值图像重新以点云方式表示,即得到精简的点云数据。在保持原有点云数据关键信息完整度的基础上,可有效地精简点云数据。实验结果表明:基于OTSU多阈值分割算法可有效地精简点云数据,同时能够有效地去除扫描过程中的背景干扰数据,具有较大的适用性和实际应用参考价值。     

Reply to “Comment to ‘Dynamics of supercooled confined water measured by deep inelastic neutron scattering’ by Y. Finkelstein and R. Moreh”

We reply to the comment [Front. Phys. 14(5), 53605 (2019)] by Y. Finkelstein and R. Moreh on our article Front. Phys. 13(1), 138205 (2018). We agree with some of their criticisms about our calculation of the temperature effect on the kinetic energy of hydrogen atoms of supercooled confined water; we also agree with their statement that, in view of the current sensitivity of the technique, possible effects of the liquid–liquid water transition are hardly detected with deep inelastic neutron scattering (DINS). However, we disagree with their use of the translational mass ratio of a single water molecule and, in general, with their underestimation of collective effects.     

利用Gupta势结合遗传算法研究ConCu55－n(n=0—55)混合团簇的结构演化及基态能量

采用半经验的Gupta多体势结合遗传算法对Co_nCu_55－n(n=0—55)混合团簇的基态结构和能量进行了研究,发现这些混合团簇的基态结构是在Co₅₅,Cu₅₅单质团簇(Mackay二十面体)的基础之上发生的畸变;从n=0(Cu₅₅)开始,Co原子从中心到表面,从棱到顶点依次、连续替换Cu原子;基态结构与键能较大键的数目及其平均键长有关;Co₁₃Cu₄₂具有最稳定的结构,13个Co原子全部位于团簇内部形成Mackay二十面体对整个团簇的稳定性有显著影响. 关键词： 团簇 结构和能量 Gupta势 遗传算法