Polysaccharides of iridaceae V. Characterization of the neutral fraction of the water soluble polysaccharide from Juno drepanophylla

From the WSPS-I of the bulbs with roots ofJuno drepanophylla, 15 fractions have been isolated by fractionation on DEAE-cellulose. Fractions 1 and 2 together made up 53% of the total weight of the fractions. Fraction 1 proved to be homogeneous on ultracentrifugation, on passage through Sepharose-4B, and on high-pressure LC. The results of the analysis of the methylated product of fraction 1 differed little from those for the initial polysaccharide.     

Polysaccharides of iridaceae IV. A xyloglucogalactan of the bulbs of Juno drepanophylla

Polysaccharides (WSPSs, PSs, and HMCs) have been isolated from various organs ofJuno Drepanophylla and their qualitative compositions have been characterized. ESPS-I from the bulbs has been studied and has proved to be a polydisperse high-molecular-weight and branched amyloid. In its physicochemical properties and composition, WSPS-I is close to amyloids of the first class known from the literature. On the basis of the results of methylation, oxidation with chromium trioxide, and IR and¹³C NMR spectra, it has been established that the glucopyranose residues are linked with one another by -(1 4) bonds, and the xylo and galactopyranose residues by (1 4) bonds with the C-6 position of the glucose residue.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 410–415, July–August, 1986.     

Polysaccharides of iridaceae IV. A xyloglucogalactan of the bulbs of Juno drepanophylla

Polysaccharides (WSPSs, PSs, and HMCs) have been isolated from various organs ofJuno Drepanophylla and their qualitative compositions have been characterized. ESPS-I from the bulbs has been studied and has proved to be a polydisperse high-molecular-weight and branched amyloid. In its physicochemical properties and composition, WSPS-I is close to amyloids of the first class known from the literature. On the basis of the results of methylation, oxidation with chromium trioxide, and IR and¹³C NMR spectra, it has been established that the glucopyranose residues are linked with one another by β-(1 → 4) bonds, and the xylo and galactopyranose residues by α(1 → 4) bonds with the C-6 position of the glucose residue.     

Characterization of a neutral polysaccharide having activity on the reticuloendothelial system from the rhizome of Curcuma longa.

A neutral polysaccharide, named ukonan D, was isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L. It produced a single band on electrophoresis and a single peak on gel chromatography, and its molecular mass was estimated to be 28,000. It showed remarkable reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test. Ukonan D is composed of L-arabinose: D-galactose: D-glucose: D-mannose in the molar ratio of 1:1:12:0.2, in addition to small amounts of peptide moiety. Methylation analysis, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and enzymic degradation studies indicated that its structural features include mainly both alpha-1,5-linked L-arabino-beta-3,6-branched D-galactan type and alpha-4,6-branched D-glucan type structural units. The influence of degradation with alpha-amylase followed by the elimination of glucan side chains on its immunological activity was discussed.     

小刺猴头菌子实体水溶性多糖HP Ⅱ的结构研究

小刺猴头菌子实体多糖经乙醇分级和Sepharose CL-6B柱层析，得到多糖HPⅡ．经Sephadex G-100柱层析，高压玻璃纤维纸电泳，比旋光度测定等方法鉴定：HPⅡ在相对分子质量大小和极性上都较为均一．经部分酸水解、高碘酸氧化、Smith降解、IR分析、甲基化分析、GC和GC／MS联机分析等方法，确定了其结构：（1→6）Glc构成主链的核心结构，在3-O处有分枝，平均每7个己糖残基有3个分枝残基；A，B为侧链结构，其构成成分为Glc和Gal；末端残基为（1→）Glc．     

沙棘果皮水溶性多糖H_n的结构研究

沙棘果皮水溶性多糖经酸性乙醇分级和DEAE -SephadexA - 2 5柱层析纯化 ,得到多糖Hn.经SepharoseCL - 4B柱层析、玻璃纤维纸电泳、比旋光度测定等方法鉴定Hn 为均一多糖 .经唾液淀粉酶解、部分酸水解、高碘酸氧化、Smith降解、甲基化分析及IR ,1 3C -NMR ,GC和GC -MS等方法 ,确定其基本结构中主链由 1→ 4Glc基、1→ 6Man基和 1→ 6Gal基构成 .三者摩尔比为nGlc∶nMan∶nGal=3∶1 .5∶1 ,分支点在 3—O处 ,分支率为 43% ,侧链由 1→ 6Gal基、1→ 4Glc基、末端Glc或末端Ara基构成 .     

沙棘果皮水溶性多糖Hn的结构研究

沙棘果皮水溶性多糖经酸性乙醇分级和ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ－２５ｓｙｇｇ层析纯化,得到多糖Ｈｎ,经ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ－４Ｂ柱层析、玻璃纤维纸电泳、比旋光度测定等方法鉴定Ｈｎ为均一多糖。经唾液淀粉酶解、部分酸水解、高碘酸氧化、Ｓｍｉｔｈ降解、甲基化分析及ＩＲ,＾１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ,ＧＣ和ＧＣ－ＭＳ等方法,确定其基本结构中主链由１→４ｌｃ基,１→６Ｍａｎ基和１→６Ｇａｌ基构成。三者摩尔比为ｎＧｌｃ     

猴头菌发酵菌丝水溶性多糖HPA的结构确定

从被超声波破碎的猴头菌发酵菌丝细胞热水提取液中,经乙醇分级分离得到单一级分,HPA经SepharoseCL-6B柱层析测得其相对分子质量为4 56×105.经部分酸水解、高碘酸氧化、Smith降解和甲基化分析确定此多糖以(1→4)糖苷键连接,平均每8个残基上有1个分枝,分枝点在O-3上,分枝末端残基为Glc1—.     

Characterization of water in polysaccharide hydrogels by DSC

Water molecules in hydrogels were classified into three categories according to phase transition behavior; non-freezing, freezing bound and free water. Melting, crystallization, and glass transition of water in hydrogels reflected the state of the water interacting with polysaccharides. Freezing bound water formed metastable ice by slow cooling and formed amorphous ice by quenching. From the isothermal crystallization measurement, nucleation rate and crystal growth rate were obtained. The crystal growth rate of freezing bound water was about ten times slower than that of free water. The DSC characterization of water in hydrogels was summarized.

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Zusammenfassung In übereinstimmung mit dem Phasenum wandlungsverhalten werden Wassermoleküle in Hydrogelen in drei Kategorien eingestuft; nicht gefrierendes, gefrierendes gebundenes und freies Wasser. Das Schmelzen, die Kristallisation und die Glasumwandlung von Wasser in Hydrogen wiederspiegeln den Zustand von Wasser, welches in Wechselwirkung mit Polysacchariden tritt. Gefrierendes gebundenes Wasser bildet metastabiles Eis durch langsames Abkühlen und amorphes Eis durch Abschrecken. Anhand isothermer Kristallisationsmessungen wurden Keimbildungsgeschwindigkeit und Kristallwachstumsgeschwindigkeit erhalten. Die Kristallwachstumsgeschwindigkeit von gefrierendem gebundenem Wasser liegt zehnmal niedriger als die von freiem Wasser.

     

碱提猴头发酵菌丝体水溶性多糖HPP的结构确定

从猴头发酵菌丝体水提后残渣中用碱提出了水溶性粗多糖,对其分级纯化得到纯样HPP,SepharoseCL-6B柱层析测得其相对分子质量约为6 53×104,G C 分析表明,其单糖组成为Glc;经部分酸水解、高碘酸氧化、Smith降解和甲基化分析确定此多糖为多分枝结构,其中(1→6)Glc构成主链的核心结构;分支点为O-3;支链部分由(1→3)Glc构成,并连接一端基Glc.     

Polysaccharides of Matricaria chamomilla I. Monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide complex

Conclusions 1. A polysaccharide has been isolated from the inflorescences ofMatricaria chamomilla L. It has been established that it is composed of D-galacturonic acid (45%), D-galactose (12.2%), D-glucose (2.3%), L-rhamnose (5.3%), L-arabinose (10.2%), and D-xylose (20.8%).2. The information obtained permits the polysaccharide of the camomile to be assigned to the class of pectin substances.Academician I. P. Pavlov Ryazan' State Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 137–141, March–April, 1974.     

Composition of the neutral fraction from the oleoresin ofPinus sibirica

Conclusions 1. From the neutral fraction of the oleoresin ofPinus sibirica R. Mayr have been isolated new macrocyclic diterpene compounds-isocembrene (I) and isocembrol (VI).2. It has been shown that isocembrol is readily dehydrated into cembrene and isocembrene.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 10–14, 1969