北阿尔泰火山岩形成机制的稀土判别

研究了北阿尔泰地区泥盆纪及石炭纪火山岩的稀土元素特征,并应用稀土判据探讨了区内火山岩的形成机制。稀土元素与常量元素相关关系显示,北阿尔泰泥盆纪及石炭纪火山岩成岩过程中分离结晶作用不明显,其形成机制可能为部分熔融作用。多种稀土元素联合协变关系的研究进一步表明,北阿尔泰泥盆纪及石炭纪火山岩的形成机制为部分熔融作用。同时也显示区内泥盆纪及石炭纪火山岩的稀土元素继承了其源区物质的稀土元素特征。     

郯庐断裂带鲁皖段新生代玄武岩形成机制的稀土判别

根据郯庐断裂带鲁皖段早第三纪、中新世以及更新世玄武岩的稀土元素特征的研究，应用稀土判据探讨了区内玄武岩的形成机制。稀土元素和常量元素的相关关系显示，郯庐断裂带新生代3个阶段玄武岩成岩过程中分离结晶作用不明显，其形成机制应该为上地幔部分熔融作用。通过多种稀土元素联合协变关系也同样反映了这些玄武岩的形成机制为上地幔部分熔融作用，同时也显示区内新生代玄武岩的稀土元素特征继承了其源区物质的稀土元素特征。这一结论与区内Sr，Nd同位素研究的结果相吻合。     

我国某些富碱侵入岩的稀土元素地球化学

根据对40个富碱侵入岩体的近300个样品的稀土元素分析,较系统地研究了我国富碱侵入岩的稀土元素组成特征,分析了控制稀土元素分布的主要因素。根据稀土元素、微量元素组合及Sr,Nd同位素组成特征,探讨了富碱侵入岩的源区物质和成岩过程,用部分熔融、多阶段分离结晶和分离结晶混染模型计算了紫金山、赛马、碾子山、山海关等富碱侵入岩的成岩模型。     

闽西晚中生代基性脉岩稀土元素地球化学特征

利用稀土元素特征对闽西基性脉岩的成岩方式和岩浆演化机制进行探讨. 闽西基性岩脉的稀土元素参数与常量元素的协变关系表明岩浆在上升侵入过程中可能没有发生地壳混染作用,在成岩过程中结晶分异作用可能不明显;多种稀土元素协变关系表明闽西基性脉岩的成岩机制可能为上地幔部分熔融作用,基性脉岩的地幔源区可能曾经遭受过俯冲流体交代富集作用,这种交代可能与古太平洋板块俯冲密切相关,软流圈地幔上涌导致地壳拉张作用的发育.     

张八岭隆起南缘早白垩世火山岩稀土元素对比研究

张八岭隆起南缘早白垩世火山岩与北大别山东部、庐枞盆地、鲁西同期火山岩同属于中国东部岩石圈伸展减薄背景下形成的火山岩。然而稀土元素地球化学特征却反映出，张八岭隆起南缘火山岩来源于壳幔过渡带。而北大别山东缘同期火山岩与岩浆上升过程中地壳物质的混染有关，庐枞盆地火山岩岩浆来自与俯冲洋壳有关的富集地幔部分熔融，鲁西地区火山岩岩浆与俯冲的陆壳在地幔源区发生混染和交代形成的富集型地幔部分熔融有关。稀土元素研究的结果与构造背景、微量元素以及Sr，Nd同位索等研究相吻合，进一步表明稀土元素在火山岩岩浆来源方面有很好的示踪作用。岩浆的来源不同以及研究区大型断裂的作用正是张八岭隆起地区成为金矿成矿远景区的重要原因。     

攀西裂谷火成岩组合的微量元素地球化学

本文依据攀枝花-西昌裂谷四十几个火成岩的主要元素、过渡金属元素、稀土元素和其他微量元素的分析结果,探讨了这些岩石的成因和岩浆过程。从主要元素成分来看,明显地显示出双众数岩套的特征。过渡金属元素显示了Cr和Ni的强烈亏损与Ti的明显富集,反映了复杂的结晶分离作用历史。所有岩石的稀土元素分配型式都是富集型的,暗示出原始岩浆可能来自原始地幔的低程度部分熔融,玄武岩的亲石岩浆元素丰度经原始地幔值标准化后的分配型式,显示出一种介于碱性玄武岩与大陆拉斑玄武岩之间的图形,这支持了它们的裂谷大地构造环境,也暗示了原始岩浆来自深处的原始地幔区,可能是石榴二辉橄榄岩部分熔融的产物。     

浙东南山门地区早白垩世同源岩浆活动的稀土元素制约

对浙东南山门地区早白垩世中酸性火山-侵入杂岩进行了稀土元素含量的ICP-MS分析,对比研究了其稀土元素地球化学特征。不同类型岩浆岩的稀土元素除Eu外具有基本一致的轻稀土富集的右倾配分模式,以及稳定的Sm/Nd,La/Nd和La/Sm比值,表明它们具有一致的岩浆源区,只是分异演化程度不同。Eu/Sm比值(0.02～0.09和0.15～0.21)及一致的Nb/Ta比值(13.9～16.9),介于地壳和地幔值之间,表明其为壳幔岩浆混合作用的产物。稀土元素协变关系显示成岩过程可能以部分熔融作用为主。结合微量元素研究,山门地区早白垩世同源岩浆活动可能与古太平洋板块俯冲碰撞后岩石圈伸展引起的弧后引张构造有关。     

江南隆起带皖赣相邻区燕山期岩浆岩稀土对比研究

对比研究了江南隆起带皖南地区与赣东北地区燕山期岩浆岩的稀土元素地球化学特征，稀土元素特征反映出，皖南地区燕山期岩浆岩属于典型的壳源岩浆岩，而赣东北地区燕山期岩浆岩则具有幔源特征，这是赣东北地区燕山期与岩浆岩有关的多金属矿床发育、而皖南地区不发育的重要原因。稀土元素的研究结果同时得到地球物理、成岩构造背景、稳定同位素等研究的证实，也表明稀土元素在岩浆岩成岩物质来源方面有很好的示踪作用。     

姑婆山花岗杂岩体稀土元素地球化学特征及其岩石成因意义

系统地研究了姑婆山花岗杂岩体的稀土元素地球化学特征,计算了造岩矿物对全岩稀土元素的贡献率,论证了该杂岩体三个不同阶段花岗岩之间的成因关系,提出基底壳源岩石部分熔融作用早期阶段产生的花岗岩岩浆最富含稀土元素的地球化学模式。指出离子吸附型稀土矿床主要产生在该阶段花岗岩的风化壳中。第一阶段中粗粒钾长花岗岩的铷锶同位素等时年龄为145.6Ma,初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr=0.71198。     

辽西北票四合屯地区义县组高镁火山岩的稀土、微量元素特征及启示

辽西北票四合屯地区的义县组火山岩主要由高镁火山岩组成，其在稀土、微量元素特征方面有明显的特殊性。首先，具有高Mg^#，高相容元素含量的特点，反映了火山岩有明显的幔源岩浆的特征。同时该火山岩也具有明显的壳源物质的特征：稀土元素总量较高、稀土元素的分馏程度较高，高La／Nb，Ba／Nb比值；在蛛网图中击现为明显的Nb，Ta负异常和Pb正异常；在Sr-Nd-Ph同位素方而，（^87Sr／^86sr），的值较高，εNd（t）值区范围较大，显示出富集地幔的组分特征；结合该火山岩Sr，Ba，Y，Yb的古量，Sr／Y比值的分析，该高镁火山岩具有日本Setouchi岛弧的Sanukite火山岩的特征；说明了Sanukite不仅分布在板块边缘俯冲带附近的岛弧区，在板块内部也可同样存在。分析表明：该地区高镁火山岩是幔源岩浆和地壳物质共同作用的结果。说明辽西地区在早白垩世具有特殊的构造地球化学背景，在中国东部地区中生代火山岩的形成中具有特殊性，是进一步研究中国东部岩浆作用的特点，探讨壳-幔演化（物质交换）具体进程的理想研究地区。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。