受激布里渊光纤陀螺拍频稳定性

受激布里渊光纤陀螺利用两束布里渊散射光的拍频来指明陀螺的旋转角速度,拍频的稳定性将直接影响到布里渊光纤陀螺的稳定性.在分析了受激布里渊光纤陀螺基本工作原理的基础上,详细分析了受激布里渊光纤陀螺中温度、克尔效应与光学泵浦游失效应对拍频稳定性的影响,分析了受激布里渊光纤陀螺拍频温度系数和产生模式跳变的温度间隔;实验测得单模光纤环的布里渊散射光频率随温度的变化率为1.26KHz/℃;给出了综合考虑克尔效应和泵浦游失效应影响的陀螺拍频输出曲线,这些结果为布里渊光纤陀螺的进一步实现提供了一定的理论和实验依据.     

布里渊光纤陀螺克尔效应误差消除方法

针对克尔效应对布里渊光纤陀螺输出结果的影响,建立了基于方波调制的布里渊光纤陀螺克尔效应理论模型.分析表明,由克尔效应引起的陀螺误差不仅与光纤环内两相反方向光束的光强差有关,还依赖于两路泵浦光频率调制的幅度.通过适当调节两光束的频率调制幅度,可有效实现克尔效应误差的消除.该方法实验装置简单,对调制频率要求低,是消除布里渊光纤陀螺克尔效应的有效方法.     

布里渊光纤环形激光器的发展与应用

随着光纤通讯和光纤传感技术的发展,布里渊光纤环形激光器迅速发展并得到了广泛应用。本文从光纤和几个主要光学器件的发展对布里渊光纤环形激光器的影响出发,综述了布里渊光纤环形激光器的发展历史,介绍了各种布里渊环形腔的特点,并探讨了它们的优点和存在的技术问题。布里渊光纤陀螺作为布里渊光纤环形激光器的主要应用,一经提出就受到了世界各国研究机构的普遍重视。与干涉型光纤陀螺相比,布里渊光纤陀螺采用的光纤长度要短得多,信号处理系统大大简化,在实现光纤陀螺高精度和小型化方面优势明显。文中还对布里渊光纤陀螺的原理和技术特点进行了分析,最后探讨了其发展过程中存在的技术问题及其发展前景。     

激光器光谱线宽对布里渊光纤谐振腔谐振特性的影响

针对激光器光谱线宽不可能严格为零的问题,在激光相干理论的基础上,采用光波场叠加的方法计算了布里渊光纤谐振腔的循环光强,详细分析了激光器光谱线宽对布里渊光纤谐振腔谐振谱线宽度和精细度的影响,并进一步分析了光谱线宽对谐振腔受激布里渊散射阈值的影响,最后,引入了线宽压缩的概念分析了布里渊光纤陀螺的灵敏度。分析表明,除了耦合器插入损耗外,激光器光谱线宽也是影响精细度的重要因素,具体影响程度与激光器光谱线宽及谐振腔本征谱线宽度间的相对大小有关,受激布里渊散射阈值随激光器线宽的增加而近似线性增加,另外在其他参数相同的情况下,布里渊光纤陀螺的灵敏度比谐振式光纤陀螺高大约三个数量级。本文为布里渊光纤陀螺的光源选择及光路参数的优化设计过程提供了理论依据。     

应用于三轴光纤陀螺中的双程后向ASE光源

根据三轴光纤陀螺的高精度需求,采用大功率高稳定性的高精度双程后向方案掺铒光纤光源。通过对ASE光源的理论分析建立数学模型,并根据所用掺铒光纤及泵浦光源的参数对光源进行谱型分析,确定光路方案。再以掺铒光纤和泵浦激光器的温度特性和补偿为研究重点,对掺铒光纤的长度和掺杂浓度以及泵浦功率和铒纤的匹配性进行试验,最终采用铒纤长度19 m,泵浦波长974.6 nm,泵浦功率140 m A,得到光源光功率为20 m W,平均波长变化量小于0.5′10~(-6)/℃,满足光纤陀螺对ASE光源的要求。     

有源再入式光纤陀螺的闭环实现

在实际应用中,陀螺动态范围一般要求在±100rad/s量级。为了达到如此大的动态范围,商用I-FOG普遍采用闭环工作方式。尽管RAI-FOG的精度比I-FOG高,可是动态范围小,因此需要闭环工作以实现大的动态范围。然而,由于RAI-FOG中有源再入式光纤萨格奈特环的光波循环再入干涉累加的过程远比I-FOG的普通光纤萨格奈特环中简单的双向光波干涉过程复杂,迄今为止,如何实现RAI-FOG的闭环工作仍是尚待解决的关键问题。本文研究了RAI-FOG的闭环原理和论证了利用方波调制阶梯波反馈方案实现有源再入式光纤陀螺闭环工作的可行性。设计、制作并调试成功了实现闭环有源再入式光纤陀螺的数字电路,建立了光纤环长为200m的闭环有源再入式光纤陀螺的实验系统。并利用闭环有源再入式光纤陀螺实验系统实现了0.67°/h的传感精度,比相同实验条件下的闭环干涉式光纤陀螺的精度提升了3倍。     

光纤陀螺抗辐照方案

为了提高光纤陀螺的抗辐照性能,满足空间应用的各种需要,对光纤陀螺光电器件进行了大量的辐射试验,尤其是对光纤陀螺的敏感器件-保偏光纤环进行了深入分析,采用光褪色心的方案,即向保偏光纤环中注入大功率激光,通过退色心的方法降低由于辐射而引起的光纤损耗的增加,从而增加了保偏光纤环的抗辐照性能。在此基础上,在光纤陀螺重量增加不大的前提下,提出了光纤陀螺主动抗辐射方案。试验表明该方案能够有效的提高光纤陀螺的抗辐射性能,能大大提高空间应用光纤陀螺的可靠性和使用寿命,能够起到抗辐照的作用。     

消除消偏光纤陀螺克尔效应的一种方法

研究了非线性克尔效应对光纤陀螺噪声的贡献,得到了可以通过采用宽谱光源和调制光路中的光功率来减小甚至消除克尔效应引起的非互易相位差的结果。采用调制光功率的方法消除克尔效应。为了避免因调制光功率降低探测器信噪比,通过分析探测器的噪声原理得到了保证足够信噪比的最小功率输入。设计了光纤放大器光源来实现这种光功率的调制。分别分析了泵浦光功率和泵浦方式对光源的影响,进一步协调了光纤放大器光源的输出功率和放大增益,首次证明了光纤放大器光源的优越性。在实验中,采用了光纤放大器光源的光纤陀螺的随机游走系数被减小到了原来的0.8。     

光纤陀螺用光纤光源的新型自动温度控制

光源良好的平均波长稳定性是保证光纤陀螺标度因子稳定性的重要条件。而光纤光源平均波长的变化主要源于环境温度的变化。为了使光源获得更好的输出特性,需要对光源泵浦温度进行精密控制。文中阐述了一种基于FPGA和MAX1968芯片设计的光纤陀螺用光纤光源泵浦温度自动控制(ATC)技术。控制过程中提出了一种新的控制算法--递进式PID。与传统PID算法相比,递进式PID算法的最大特点是其各个参数可以随外界环境而变化。经试验测定,泵浦的温度稳定性能够稳定在±0.03℃以内,因而泵浦具有很好的平均波长稳定性。     

基于等效输入的光纤陀螺带宽自主测试方法

针对光纤陀螺频带测试角震动台输入频率低的问题,通过在光纤陀螺反馈阶梯波上叠加正弦信号用于等效外部输入角速度,对陀螺解调输出信号按照幅值进行判断得到陀螺带宽。分析了输入等效正弦波幅值满足条件;针对正弦信号在相位调制器上调制产生的相位差随频率变化的缺点对相位差幅值进行补偿;提出了利用直接数字合成技术生成正弦波信号和极值搜索算法检测信号幅值的带宽检测方案,利用陀螺自身硬件基础实现自主检测。通过建立数字闭环光纤陀螺模型,利用Simulink进行了仿真分析。结果表明该检测算法能实现陀螺频带宽度的全频率范围测量,不受外部输入信号测试频率限制,能够用于光纤陀螺带宽测试。     

Determination of the third velocity component with PTA using an intensity graded light sheet

A new method for the determination of the velocity field with all three velocity components in a light sheet was demonstrated that combines conventional particle tracking anemometry (PTA) with an intensity analysis of the particle flecks. The correlation between intensity and the dimension perpendicular to the light sheet was obtained from the monotonous variation of the laser light intensity across the width of the light sheet.     

A simple method for the digital determination of the photoelastic fringe order

A new and simple approach to the digital determination of a photoelastic fringe order using two different loads is proposed. The relationships between the intensity values of light and the isochromatic fringe orders generated from two different loads are derived. The scheme used for the automated determination of the total fringe orders of a full-field photoelastic fringe pattern is described. The usefulness of this method is demonstrated using two isochromatic fringe patterns under two different loads. Extra filters are not needed in the proposed method as in the case of the two-wavelength method.     

离心式渣浆泵叶轮磨损规律研究

在实验室条件下对离心式渣浆泵叶轮的磨损规律进行了研究，并对泵轮叶片间流道的颗粒运动轨迹进行数值模拟。探讨了磨粒浓度、泵转速、叶片几何参数、运行时间及磨粒粒径对泵轮磨损的影响。研究表明：叶片的磨损强度与泵轮转速呈５次方关系，叶片进口角对磨损强度影响明显，出口角对磨损强度影响不大，研究结果对渣浆泵的设计具有重要的参考价值。     

Comparison of light transmission and reflection techniques to determine concentrations in flow tank experiments

Transmissive and reflective intensity measurements for visual concentration determinations in 2D flow tank experiments were compared and evaluated for their applicability in the study of flow and transport phenomena. A density-dependent heterogeneous flow experiment was conducted and transmission and reflection images of the dyed saltwater plume were analyzed. A single light source and dark curtains forced the light to pass through the porous media only, thus facilitating the transmission measurements. The reflection images delivered a more homogeneous spatial illumination than the transmission images. Major perturbations of the transmission images were lens flare effects and light dispersion within the bead–water–Plexiglas system which smear the front of the plume. Based on the conducted evaluation of transmissive and reflective intensity measurements, the reflection data delivered more reliable intensity values to derive solute concentrations in intermediate scale flow tank experiments.     

Threshold excitation of photoabsorption convection

The article considers questions of the stability of the equilibrium states of a liquid which absorbs light. Threshold values are found for the intensity of the light in the problem of the stability of the equilibrium of a liquid in a square cavity with three thermally insulated walls. A steady-state integro-interpolation scheme is presented for the numerical calculation of problems of photoabsorption convection. The propagation of light waves in absorbing media is accompanied by the dissipation of radiant energy. In heavy liquids, absorption heating of a substance in the field of a wave may be the reason for the appearance of convection [1–3]. It is important to study the conditions for the appearance and the special characteristics of this type of convection, and its inverse effect on the structure of the light field. The first problem is important when the light beams are regarded only as a source of convection [4], and the second in questions of the directed propagation of light [5] and of self-focusing phenomena [2, 3, 6–10]. For high-energy heat fluxes and a liquid with a strong temperature dependence of its dielectric permeability, the convective self-stress will be very considerable; in this case, both problems are mutually interconnected. The excitation of convection by the absorption of light, without taking account of the inverse effect on the structure of the light beam, was studied numerically in [1, 4]. Equations for photoabsorption convection, taking account of convective self-stress in the Boussinesq approximation and of the geometry of the optics, were formulated in [11]. Several economical finite-difference schemes for solving problems of photoabsorption convection problems in rectangular cavities are discussed in [12]. The present article is devoted to an investigation of the threshold intensities of light for the excitation of photoabsorption convection. The existence of critical intensities of light, above which the mechanically equilibrium states of the liquids absorbing the light become unstable, was demonstrated in [1, 4].Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 5, pp. 128–135, September–October, 1971.The authors thank A. V. Lykov for his continuing interest and aid, and G. I. Petrov and V. I. Polezhaev for their useful evaluation of the work.     

Dynamics of mutually coupled quantum dot spin-VCSELs subject to key parameters

A symmetric model based on optically pumped quantum dot (QD) spin-polarized vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (spin-VCSELs) subject to mutual coupling is proposed. Compared with the conventional solitary model, more plentiful dynamical regimes associated with different dynamical regions are displayed visually by numerous bifurcation maps, and the detailed direct numerical simulations accurately reveal the dependence of dynamical behavior on external and internal parameters through introducing mutual coupling scheme. We then find that the roles played by the mutual coupling strength and delay time are remarkably significant in intensifying the regime of complex dynamical oscillation. Beyond that, the crucial effects of capture rate, gain parameter, linewidth enhancement factor and frequency detuning on determining the evolvement of dynamical behavior in the mutually coupled QD spin-VCSELs model are shown evidently in the plane of the optical pump intensity and polarization. Through a comprehensive investigation of the dynamical behavior dependent on key parameters, the dynamical mechanism expressed in the current model can be adjusted and even controlled well. Therefore, the involved efforts are enlightening and foresighted to promote a deeply research in the field of QD lasers-based expansion.

     

Investigation of fluid dynamics within a miniature mixed flow blood pump

An oil dot flow visualization method was utilized in conjunction with a traditional light sheet particle tracer method to investigate internal flow dynamics of a miniature mixed-flow blood pump. The effects of the operating condition and impeller design on the internal fluid dynamics and hydrodynamic performance were studied. The oil dot method enabled analysis of separated and disturbed flow within the highly wrapped rotating-blade passages – previously imperceptible with light sheet methods. The blade wrap was found to be critical to providing a favorable fluid dynamics for blood pumping over a range of off-design conditions. The low flow operating conditions were found to have a detrimental effect on blood flow. Received: 13 september 2000 / Accepted: 3 April 2001     

某调距导管桨系泊工况水力性能和流激直发声预报

采用经验证的计算流体力学方法,对某艏辅推调距导管桨设计螺距和系泊工况螺距的水动力性能进行了有效预报,并对系泊工况装船桨流激噪声进行了分析。系泊工况下,由于导管桨的抽吸作用在导管外壁近壁面区域存在与导管内部流动方向相反的逆向流动,且导管桨尾流场速度梯度分布不均匀、流动紊乱,此时桨叶与导管的推力之比约为1.2∶1。系泊工况船+桨的瞬态流场脉动信息表明,导管桨各部件噪声源强度均表现出从1倍到4倍叶频依次下降的规律,最强幅值集中在桨叶导边和导管内壁;在远场声源级频谱曲线中轴向测点线谱较高峰值位置体现出导管桨进流流场的流动特性。对比分析该艏辅推整体和各部件宽带声源级指向性,可知旋转部件(桨叶、桨榖)对总噪声级的贡献较大,静止部件是径向测点噪声的主要贡献源。