荧光小分子在有机薄膜中的固定化及其应用

将荧光小分子化学固定于基质表面是实现表面功能化的有效途径,是研究固体基质表界面性质的有效方法,也为设计制备荧光传感薄膜材料提供了新的思路。本文按高分子膜固定法、LB膜固定法和自组装膜固定法分类综述了荧光小分子在固体基质表面的固定化。讨论了膜表面固定化荧光小分子在表界面性质研究、阳离子和中性分子的化学传感以及表界面电子转移和能量转移研究等方面的应用,并对新的固定化方法进行了展望。     

酶生物传感器中酶的固定化技术

综述了近年来国内外酶生物传感器的进展,介绍了制作酶生物传感器的关键技术——酶的固定化。固定化方法主要有吸附法、包埋法、共价键合法和交联法。固定化材料分为无机材料、有机聚合物材料、凝胶以及生物材料等。探讨了固定化方法和固定化材料对酶的固定化及酶生物传感器性能的影响,并结合自己的工作展望了酶生物传感器的发展方向和趋势。     

电化学脱氧核糖核酸传感器

本文对电化学脱氧核糖核酸（ＤＮＡ）传感器的原理，ＤＮＡ在电极表面的固定化，杂交指示剂的研究和电化学ＤＮＡ传感器的性能、分析应用及电化学石英晶体微天平ＤＮＡ传感器等方面的研究进展作了评述。提出了今后研究工作的方向。     

次黄嘌呤微型传感器及其应用研究

将微机械加工技术应用于传感器研究,制备一体化薄膜生物传感器。本项研究实瑞 微电极表面进行黄嘌呤氧化酶的固定化,从而制备一体化薄膜次黄嘌呤微传感器,该传感器对次黄嘌呤具有良好的响应特性和较高的测定灵敏度,传感器应用于鱼肉中次黄嘌呤的分析,获得了满意的结果。     

一种新的压电免疫传感器中生物分子固定化方法的研究

生物分子固定化或传感界面设计技术是研制压电免疫传感器的关键之一。本文 结合自组装单分子膜（SAMs）和聚电解质静电吸附组装技术，提出了一种新的压电 免疫传感器中生物分子固定化方法，研制成一种检测补体C_3的压电免疫传感器。 先在石英晶振的金电极表面组装一层胱胺SAMs，再在膜上组装带相反电荷的聚苯磺 酸钠（PSS）单层膜，通过静电吸附作用固定抗体（抗原），实现对相应抗原（抗 体）的检测。利用扫描电镜技术，从形态上考察了晶振组装胱氨SAMs与PSS及固定 补体C_3抗体后的表面形貌。研究了抗体的固定化条件，探讨了传感器采用这种固 定化方法的响应与再生性能，并与戊二醛键合固定法进行比较。结果表明，这种固 定化方法不仅对蛋白质类生物分子的固定化具有普适性，而且对所固定的生物分子 的活性影响小，传感器的响应的频移值大，灵敏度高，选择性和再生性能均较好。     

化学发光生物传感器的研究进展

简要介绍了化学发光生物传感器在近几年取得的重要研究成果；内容主要化学发光生物传感器研究中生物组分的固定化方法及生物传感器在分析化学中的应用，引用参考文献49篇。     

用桑蚕丝素蛋白固定的葡萄糖氧化酶传感器

目前,常用的生物酶固定化方法在应用上各有优劣,简便、高效而又适用推广的酶固定化方法是人们所追求的目标。本文提供一种新型的酶固定化方法,即通过蚕丝素蛋白在甲醇中变性,使葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)固定在蛋白质中,得到葡萄糖氧化酶-丝素膜,与氧电极偶合,制成电流式葡萄糖传感器。在选定的实验条件下,电极的各项性能指标均较满意。 GOD由Boehringer Mannhen GmbH进口(10 kU/46 mg),试剂均为分析纯。家蚕(浙12×苏1)由浙江农业大学提供。氧电极和测氧仪由中国科学院上海冶金研究所制造。     

基于电聚合膜和纳米金自组装的生物分子固定化新方法的研究

结合电聚合膜和纳米金自组装技术,提出了一种新的生物分子固定化方法,研制成一种检测抗胰蛋白酶的压电免疫传感器。通过在石英晶振金电极表面电聚合邻苯二胺膜,再在膜表面自组装一层纳米金粒．以静电吸附作用固定抗体(抗原),实现对相应抗原(抗体)的检测。利用扫描电镜技术,从形态上考察了晶振金电极上自组装纳米金后的表面形貌。研究了抗体的固定化条件,探讨了传感器的响应与再生性能结果表日月．这种固定化方法对所固定的生物分子的生物活性影响小,传感器的测定灵敏度高．响应性能和再生性能较好。     

用于农药残留检测的酶生物传感器

酶生物传感器在农药残留检测方面具有传统检测方法不可比拟的优势.本文介绍了胆碱酯酶和有机磷水解酶在生物传感器中的应用,重点介绍了用于有机磷等农药残留分析的酶生物传感器的种类和研究现状,讨论了几种酶固定化方法存在的优势和局限,指出了目前研究需解决的问题并展望了未来的发展方向.     

甲胎蛋白压电免疫传感器的研究

以合成的甲基丙烯酸甲酯和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯共聚作载体，在压电石英晶体表面涂覆共聚物涂层，经ＣＮＢｒ活化后固定ＡＦＰ抗体，研制成ＡＦＰ压电晶体免疫传感器，研究了固定化方法，载体量，抗原抗体结合时间，重现性选择性等实验条件和参数的影响，压电晶体的频移值与ＡＦＰ浓度在１００ｎｇ／ｍＬ～８００ｎｇ／ｍＬ的范围内有良好的线性关系，将此传感器初步用于人体血清样品的测定，并与放射免疫法对照，结果令人满意。     

Development of a Quartz Piezoelectric Crystal Immunosensor Based on Self-Assembled Monolayer

A novel method of immobilizing antibodies on piezoelectric crystal (P/Z) sensor was developed based on self-assembled monolayer (SAM) using alkanethiols for immunosensing. The assembly of SAMs on metal surface is relatively easy and they are closely packed, well ordered and stable in ambient conditions. Thus,SAMs are good candidates for immobilizing biomolecules onto ultrathin layers.     

Studying the interaction of alpha-gal carbohydrate antigen and proteins by quartz-crystal microbalance

The interaction of alpha-galacosyl antigen and its binding protein (anti-Gal antibody) has been studied by quartz crystal microbalance through a SAM immobilization technique which overcomes the nonspecific interactions and molecule trapping for current piezoelectric biosensors.     

Piezoelectric crystal for sensing bacteria by immobilizing antibodies on divinylsulphone activated poly-m-aminophenol film

A polymer sorbent formed at the surface of gold-plated piezoelectric crystal by anodic oxidation of m-aminophenol was investigated by voltammetric, FTIR techniques for antibody coupling after activation by divinylsulphone. A novel film with increased capacity for immobilizing antibodies was obtained using phloroglucinol to modify poly-m-aminophenol via divinylsulphone. Compared with the dip-coating methods using polyethylenimine and (gamma-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, this new technique gave more reproducible results for the immobilization of antibody from sample to sample due to the improved homogeneity and reproducibility of the coating. With present modification method, a piezoelectric immunosensor was developed for the detection of Salmonella enteritidis. A detection limit of 1x10(5) cells ml(-1) and an assay time of 25 min were achieved.     

Preparation of a piezoelectric immunosensor for the detection of Salmonella paratyphi A by immobilization of antibodies on electropolymerized films

 To obtain new coatings for the preparation of piezoelectric immunosensors, the anodic polymerization of o-aminophenol (oAP), o-phenylenediamine (oPD) and m-phenylenediamine (mPD) onto a gold-plated crystal has been studied. The possibility of immobilizing an antibody (anti-S. paratyphi A) onto the crystal via the electropolymerized films was investigated. The poly-mPD film gave the best results for immobilizing the antibody. With antibodies crosslinked on the poly-mPD film, a piezoelectric immuno-assay for the detection of S. paratyphi A was proposed. The shift (ΔF=F_20s−F_400s, Hz) between the frequency at 20 s after the addition of sample (F_20s), and that of 400 s (F_400s) was used to construct a calibration graph, and shortening of the assay time was achieved. The S. paratyphi A concentration in the range of 10^5–10⁹ cells/ml can be measured by this method. Received: 9 May 1996/Revised: 6 September 1996/Accepted: 19 September 1996     

Preparation of a piezoelectric immunosensor for the detection of Salmonella paratyphi A by immobilization of antibodies on electropolymerized films

 To obtain new coatings for the preparation of piezoelectric immunosensors, the anodic polymerization of o-aminophenol (oAP), o-phenylenediamine (oPD) and m-phenylenediamine (mPD) onto a gold-plated crystal has been studied. The possibility of immobilizing an antibody (anti-S. paratyphi A) onto the crystal via the electropolymerized films was investigated. The poly-mPD film gave the best results for immobilizing the antibody. With antibodies crosslinked on the poly-mPD film, a piezoelectric immuno-assay for the detection of S. paratyphi A was proposed. The shift (ΔF=F_20s−F_400s, Hz) between the frequency at 20 s after the addition of sample (F_20s), and that of 400 s (F_400s) was used to construct a calibration graph, and shortening of the assay time was achieved. The S. paratyphi A concentration in the range of 10^5–10⁹ cells/ml can be measured by this method. Received: 9 May 1996/Revised: 6 September 1996/Accepted: 19 September 1996     

Piezoelectric immunosensor based on magnetic nanoparticles with simple immobilization procedures

A novel method for immobilizing antibodies (antigens) based on magnetic nanoparticles has been proposed for piezoelectric immunoassay. The goat-anti-IgG antibody (IgGAb) as the model analyte was first covalently immobilized to magnetic nanoparticles, which were surface modified with amino-groups. The magnetic bio-nanoparticles (MBN-s) formed were attached to the surfaces of quartz crystal with the help of a permanent magnet. The detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) was performed with the sensor prepared. The process of immobilization and immunoreaction was monitored by frequency recording. From the SEM images of the sensor surface before and after immobilization of MBN, one can see that the MBN was homogeneously adsorbed on sensor surface. The piezoelectric immunosensor can determine IgG in the range of 0.6-34.9 μg ml⁻¹ with a detection limit of 0.36 μg ml⁻¹. The MBN and immunocomplex layer can easily be removed simply by taking away the magnetic field, making the piezoelectric sensor easy to be regenerated.     

耗散型石英晶体微天平在生物医用高分子材料中的应用

石英晶体微天平(QCM)是一种基于石英晶体压电效应的分析检测技术,可实时在线提供石英晶体表面吸附层质量、厚度、粘弹性等信息,由此获得表面分子相互作用关系。 耗散型石英晶体微天平(QCM-D)因其独特的对粘弹性的解析,使其在高分子材料中的应用迅速发展,尤其是生物医用高分子材料领域,已用来评价生物医用高分子材料的表界面相互作用,力学和生物相容性等。 本文简单介绍了耗散型石英晶体微天平的基本原理及理论模型,重点综述了近几年QCM-D在高分子链构象、蛋白质吸附、生物大分子相互作用、药物释放以及水凝胶中的应用,并且展望了QCM-D的未来发展趋势。     

压电免疫传感器用于B因子的测定

B因子是一种不耐热的球蛋白,它参与机体的防御,在炎症过程、细胞和组织损伤中均起重要作用.B因子的检测方法常用的有单扩散法、火箭电泳法和溶血法,前者灵敏度不高,重复性差;后两者操作较复杂^[1,2].     

电化学噪音数据小波分析法研究

电化学动力系统演化过程中 ,其状态参量 (如电极电位、电解池电流等 )的随机波动现象被称为“电化学噪音”(ECN) .小波变换是近年来数学与信号处理领域获得突破性进展的一种数据处理方法 .本文首次用连续小波变换的方法对混凝土中钢筋腐蚀产生的“电化学噪音”信号进行初步研究 ,通过将原始的时域信号变换至时_频相平面来观察其结构特征 ,并揭示出电化学腐蚀过程的混沌动力学行为 .