几何尺寸对圆对称环域Josephson结的准通量子激发的影响

本文研究几何尺寸对圆对称环域Josephson结的扰动SGE的环形准孤子波解的影响.数值计算结果表明,当圆对称环域结的内半径,r₀=7.5λ_J时,已出现对应于环域结准通量子激发的环形准孤子波解,同时在I-V特性曲线上出现第一零场台阶.零场台阶的范围剧烈地依赖于环域结的内半径r₀和结宽度(αr₀-r₀);然而几何尺寸对环形准孤子波解特性的影响则比较复杂. 关键词：     

小的内半径圆对称环域Josephson结中孤子行为的研究

环域结的位相差φ随时间演化的扰动Sine-Gordon方程(SGE)比in-line结的多出了与径向坐标ρ成反比的一项1/ρ (dφ)/(dρ),它的影响将随着ρ的减小而增大。我们的数值研究结果表明,不同的孤子行为出现在双孤子激发的状态:在内半径为7.5λ_J的环域结中,属于对称模式的双孤子激发只出现在低电流范围内,且在Ⅰ-Ⅴ曲线上呈现出迴滞现象;在内半径为50λ_J的环域结中,除了对称模式的激发外,还在高电流范围内出现串形模式的双孤子激发,在Ⅰ-Ⅴ曲线中也没有出现迴滞现象。     

强耦合一维电子-晶格体系中孤子激活能

计算了在不同电子-晶格耦合强度λ下,一维电子-晶格体系中孤子激活能ε₁(λ)及电子激发到禁带中央分立能级所需能量△(λ)。得到孤子激活能随λ增大而增大;但对不同λ,孤子激活能总是小于产生一个电子或空穴所需能量。 关键词：     

Josephson结中激发孤子的电泳脉冲方法—原理与数值实验

根据反射射理论讨论了电泳脉冲法产生磁通孤子的阈值条件。对甚长结作的数值实验与理论符合很好。对有限结，考虑到边界效应，电流台阶范围等因素，对孤子激发条件有额外的要求。对圆对称环域结用脉冲法激发了孤子，并分析了其中回波效应、外磁场等对激发条件的影响。所有结果表明，电流脉冲法是在Ｊｏｓｅｐｈｓｏｎ结中激发孤子态的有效方法，理论阈值条件可以提供有益的参考作用。     

Josephson结中激发孤子的电流脉冲方法──原理与数值实验

根据反散射理论讨论了电流脉冲法产生磁通孤子的阈值条件。对甚长结作的数值实验与理论符合很好。对有限结，考虑到边界效应，电流台阶范围等因素，对孤子激发条件有额外的要求，对圆对称环域结用脉冲法激发了孤子，并分析了其中回波效应、外磁场等对激发条件的影响。所有结果表明，电流脉冲法是在Ｊｏｓｅｐｈｓｏｎ结中激发孤子态的有效方法，理论阈值条件可以提供有益的参考作用。     

微扰Burgers-KdV方程的孤子解

对于一个其耗散项可看作微扰的Burgers-KdV(B-KdV)方程u_t+uu_x+βu_xxx=εu_xx,|ε|?1,考虑一级近似和行波情形,建立一套求通解的直接扰动方法,利用零级方程的单孤子解,获得一级方程的孤子型通解,它包含任意多个不同的孤子解,每个孤子解分别描述一个位于半无限空间的孤子阵列,分析表明,耗散使得“亮孤子”变矮变窄,“暗孤子”变浅变窄. 关键词：     

一维量子sine-Gordon模型的元激发谱

应用自洽量子微扰理论研究了由参量α₀及β₀所描述的一维量子sine-Gordon模型的元激发谱，并通过玻色化技术将所得结果与Thirring模型及半满的Hubbard模型的严格解比较．研究结果表明，导出的元激发谱描述了量子孤子及反孤子的配对激发，而自洽场给出的能隙在α₀＜1及4π≤β²₀≤8π时与严格解的结果符合较好 关键词：     

XAFS研究Ni-P和Ni-Ce-P超细非晶合金的退火晶化

采用原子配位分布函数为Gaussian函数Ｐ_G和指数函数P_E直积的非 对称模型进行拟合计算,XAFS定量地研究化学还原法制备的Ni-P和Ni-Ce-P超细非晶合金大 无序度体系中Ni原子的局域环境结构随退火温度升高而产生的变化.结果表明Ni-P和Ni-Ce-P 原样的Ni-Ni配位的平均键长Ｒ_j、配位数N、热无序度σ_T、结构无 序度σ_S分别为0271nm,100,00060nm,0028n 关键词： XAFS Ni-P Ni-Ce-P 超细非晶合金 局域结构     

化合物半导体中离子射程参数与化学键中离子特性间关系研究

本文基于分子轨道法线性组合理论,推导出不同原子组成的分子的久期方程,从而得出分子波函数线性组合的特征常数N和λ的定量关系式,以及成键合能量和反键合能量的方程式.并通过这两能量之差,使N,λ系数与晶体对称势V_共价所产生的平均能隙E_h,反对称蛰V_离子所产生的能隙C和其总能隙E_g等相联系起来,导出了λ与分数光谱离子性f_i和C/E_h比值间的关系式.由λ,N可导出f_i与化合物半导体中离子射程参数间的关系式.应用上述一些关系式结合闪锌矿和纤锌矿结构特性,可以很好地解释两种结构的偏离系数γ(即化合物半导体中实际电子阻止本领对Bragg电子阻止本领的偏离系数)间互成倒数和压电系数e_pol的符号相反的原因.因此从C/E_h,γ,e_pol,对fi三曲线转折点完全一致,可以清晰地看出半导体化合物的价键和晶体结构特性决定了它的一系列物理、化学特性. 关键词：     

槽中双孤子互作用的微扰求解

孤子运动的Miles方程是一个具特征的非线性Schrdinger型方程.借求孤子解的微扰法,导出所遵循的矩阵方程,和孤子解的修正量δu(x,λ).并据双孤子解,计算了它的周期互作用状态 关键词： Miles方程 微扰双孤子解     

高温超导体中约瑟夫森涡旋流阻的振荡效应

通过数值计算耦合sine-Gordon方程组研究高温超导体中约瑟夫森涡旋的运动,得到约瑟夫森涡旋电压和流阻随平面磁场和驱动电流的变化规律.固定驱动电流,约瑟夫森涡旋电压和流阻随着磁场的增大出现周期性的振荡行为,振荡周期与每层约瑟夫森结中进入一个磁通量子相对应.分析和阐明了产生这种周期性振荡的原因. 关键词： 约瑟夫森涡旋 涡旋格子 高温超导     

Solitons in Josephson junctions: An overview

The dynamics of the Josephson tunnel junction is approximately described by a perturbed sine-Gordon equation. The Josephson tunnel junction is thus a convenient experimental solid state device for the study of solitons and solitonlike phenomena. The physical manifestation of the soliton is a propagating magnetic flux quantum ( ₀=h/2e=2.064×10^–15 V sec). Basic properties of the soliton and its relation to observable experimental quantities (zero field steps, microwave radiation, etc.) are reviewed. Recent direct measurements of the actual soliton profile are also mentioned.     

Thermoelectric ac Josephson effect in SNS junctions

It was experimentally evidenced, that Josephson radiation from an SNS junction exists, when a heat flow across the junction exceeds a critical value P_c. The ac component of the thermoelectric voltage was observed directly. The heat-flux-voltage characteristic of a TaCuTa junction showed steps of constant voltage, when the junction was irradiated by an external electromagnetic field at frequenct ～ 10² Hz.     

Numerical research on RF induced zero-crossing steps of stacked Josephson junction in flux-flow state

RF responses of intrinsic Josephson junction stacks in the flux-flow state have been studied to explore vortex motion. We have reported various RF induced effects on flux-flow of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+y intrinsic Josephson junctions. In a pinning free state, a remarkable zero-crossing step appears at a certain voltage on I–V curve, which is closed to the voltage V = NΦ₀f, where N is the number of junction, Φ₀ is the flux quantum, f is the RF frequency, respectively. It is shown that vortex motion phase-locked to external microwaves play an important role in the responses. In this report, we have carried out numerical simulation by using the coupled sine-Gordon equations in order to compare with the experimental results. The numerical simulations reveal that the alternating magnetic field of microwaves drives vortices into the stack and generates the zero-crossing step.     

用于电压基准的Nb/NbxSi1-x/Nb约瑟夫森单结的研制

现代可编程约瑟夫森电压基准的核心器件是约瑟夫森结阵.目前最具有优势的约瑟夫森结阵是 Nb/Nb_xSi_1-x/Nb材料的结阵. Nb/Nb_xSi_1-x/Nb材料的约瑟夫森结 具有三层薄膜的制作过程简便, Nb和Nb_xSi_1-x刻蚀工艺相同以及Nb_xSi_1-x 势垒层成分可调等优点.中国计量科学研究院设计制作了Nb/Nb_xSi_1-x/Nb约瑟夫森单结. 通过在4.2 K低温下对所做单结进行直流电流-电压特性测量,观测到了清晰的超导隧穿电流和 从零电压态向电压态的跳变,最后就测量结果进行了分析讨论.此项工作属于国内首个开展 Nb/Nb_xSi_1-x/Nb材料约瑟夫森单结研究的工作.     

环形Josephson结中圆对称孤子解的微扰分析

本文用微扰方法,研究环形Josephson结中有扰动情形下sine-Gordon方程的圆对称孤子解,得到孤子的动力学方程的解析形式。所得的I—V曲线(第一零场台阶)与数值计算结果符合得很好。 关键词：     

On possibility of the spontaneous magnetic flux in a Josephson junction containing magnetic impurities

The Josephson junction containing localized magnetic moments in a dielectric layer between two superconductors is considered. Conditions are studied under which the phase difference between superconductors in the state with energy minimum is equal to π (such a junction we call π-junction). In addition we consider “one-dimensional” Josephson junction one part (2) of which is π-junction, the other (1) being the usual Josephson junction ( 0 - junction). Conditions are found under which in such a system there is a spontaneous vortex with the centre at the boundary between the parts 1 and 2 and magnetic flux associated with this vortex. The vortex appears by second order phase transition as temperature decreases for T_c.     

Ferromagnetic 0–<Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">π</Emphasis> Josephson junctions

We present a study on low-T_c superconductor-insulator-ferromagnet-superconductor (SIFS) Josephson junctions. SIFS junctions have gained considerable interest in recent years because they show a number of interesting properties for future classical and quantum computing devices. We optimized the fabrication process of these junctions to achieve a homogeneous current transport, ending up with high-quality samples. Depending on the thickness of the ferromagnetic layer and on temperature, the SIFS junctions are in the ground state with a phase drop of either 0 or π. By using a ferromagnetic layer with variable step-like thickness along the junction, we obtained a so-called 0–π Josephson junction, in which 0 and π ground states compete with each other. At a certain temperature the 0 and π parts of the junction are perfectly symmetric, i.e. the absolute critical current densities are equal. In this case the degenerate ground state corresponds to a vortex of supercurrent circulating clock- or counterclockwise and creating a magnetic flux which carries a fraction of the magnetic flux quantum Φ₀. PACS  74.50.+r; 74.78.Fk; 74.81.-g; 85.25.Cp     

Fiske steps in surface intrinsic Josephson junctions of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ single crystals

Current－voltage characteristics of the surface intrinsic Josephson junctions under a magnetic field parallel to CuO_2 planes have been studied experimentally. Fiske steps in such a junction have been observed. The Swihart velocity for the junction is found to be 7.2×10^5m/s, which corresponds to the velocity mode of a single junction.