水相钯催化Suzuki反应

钯催化的Suzuki反应是构建Csp2—Csp2键的主要方法之一,已广泛应用于医药、天然产物及先进功能材料等联芳类化合物的合成.近年来,水相Suzuki反应引起了人们的高度关注.对以纯水及水/有机混溶剂为介质的水相Suzuki反应的研究进展作一综述,特别是围绕如何解决水相Suzuki反应活性的问题,以催化体系为主线,重点介绍了水溶性配体/钯、表面活性剂、微波促进的非水溶性配体/钯及无配体钯等催化体系在水相Suzuki反应中的应用.     

低温Suzuki反应合成联苯及三联苯化合物

发展了一个低温下无配体钯催化溴代芳烃与芳基硼酸的Suzuki反应体系。该体系以醋酸钯为催化剂,无水碳酸钾为碱,乙醇水溶液为溶剂,无需加入任何配体,在0oC下即可高效催化溴代芳烃与芳基硼酸的Suzuki反应;反应的底物容忍性好,产品分离收率最高达97%。以溴代芳基N-甲基亚氨基二乙酸硼酸酯为砌块分子,通过调控反应温度,实现了砌块分子选择性Suzuki反应,从而一锅合成了不对称三联苯化合物,产品收率最高为81%。     

乙二醇中钯催化无配体的室温Suzuki反应

报道了一种在室温下醋酸钯催化乙二醇中无外加配体的Suzuki反应体系.以K3PO4·7H2O为碱,在该体系中可高效进行芳基溴代物和芳基硼酸的Suzuki交叉偶联反应,具有反应条件温和、无需惰性气体保护等特点.在n(ArBr)=0.5mmol,n(ArB(OH)2)=0.75mmol,x(Pd(OAc)2)=0.5mol%,n(K3PO4·7H2O)=1.0mmol,v(乙二醇)=2ml的优化条件下,4-溴苯甲醚和苯硼酸反应20min,分离收率即达95%.     

Phosphine-free Suzuki cross-coupling reaction: a mild and selective method for the carbon–carbon bond formation in aqueous tea extract

A mild and selective protocol has been developed for the palladium-catalyzed phosphine-free Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of aryl bromides with arylboronic acids in aqueous tea extract at room temperature. It is noteworthy that the aqueous tea extract plays an important role in the reaction, and various functional groups are tolerated under the optimized conditions. The reactions proceeded with very good chemoselectivity in favor of the bromo instead of the chloro group even at higher temperatures. Furthermore, this protocol could be applied to the cross-coupling of 4-bromoindole without protecting the base sensitive amine group with arylboronic acids in moderate to excellent yields.     

纯水中有氧条件下Pd/C催化的无配体Suzuki反应简

报道一种在纯水中Pd/C催化的高效Suzuki反应体系,该体系无需除氧,且无外加配体和添加剂,底物普适性广泛,含有亲水或疏水基团的溴代芳烃都能被高效活化. 此外,对部分杂环芳烃与芳基硼酸的偶联反应也有较好的催化效果. 该催化剂可高效循环使用三次,且性能无明显下降.     

聚乙二醇(PEG)桥连的新型双N-杂环卡宾-膦的合成及其在水相Suzuki反应中的应用

通过乙酸1-(2-二苯膦基二茂铁基)乙基酯与PEG-400衍生的双咪唑化合物反应,制得新型PEG桥连的双咪唑盐-膦配体,其结构经1HNMR,<31>PNMR和MS鉴定.初步催化研究表明,该PEG桥连的双咪唑盐一膦可作为支持配体在有机和水相中高产率地实现Pd催化的溴代芳烃和苯硼酸的Suzuki偶联反应.     

Simple amine/Pd(OAc)(2)-catalyzed suzuki coupling reactions of aryl bromides under mild aerobic conditions

A new palladium catalyst (DAPCy) made from Pd(OAc)(2) and commercially available, inexpensive dicyclohexylamine has been developed for the Suzuki coupling reaction of aryl bromides with boronic acids to give the coupling products in good to high yields. The air-stable catalyst was characterized and well-defined by X-ray crystallography. A catalytic system involving DAPCy in dioxane demonstrates a temperature-dependent reactivity toward aryl bromides with different electronic substituents, and selectively couples electron-deficient aryl bromides with boronic acids over electron-rich ones at room temperature. Another catalytic system employing DAPCy in EtOH provides a general and convenient method to prepare biaryls from aryl bromides and boronic acids with a broad range of functional groups at room temperature and under aerobic conditions.     

Ligand-free palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Heck reaction of secondary benzylic bromides

A facile ligand-free palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Heck reaction of β-hydrogen-containing secondary benzylic bromides was developed, which affords pyrroline derivatives with good regioselectivities.     

Arylation of pyridine N-oxides via a ligand-free Suzuki reaction in water

We report a practical and highly efficient protocol for the arylation of pyridine N-oxides with arylboronic acid through palladium-catalyzed Suzuki reaction in water.This ligand-free Suzuki reaction is performed in the presence of diisopropylamine and gives 2-or 3-arylated pyridyl N-oxide derivatives in good to excellent yields within 1 h.     

In situ generation of palladium nanoparticles: a simple and highly active protocol for oxygen-promoted ligand-free suzuki coupling reaction of aryl chlorides

An oxygen-promoted ligand-free Suzuki coupling reaction catalyzed by in situ generated palladium nanoparticles in PEG-400 under aerobic conditions has been demonstrated. The reaction was highly efficient for coupling aryl chlorides with phenylboronic acid in short times under mild conditions.     

Aerobic ligand-free domino Suzuki coupling—Michael addition reaction catalyzed by in situ generated palladium nanoparticles in water: a general method for the synthesis of benzo[c]chromene derivatives

A general method has been developed for the synthesis of benzo[c]chromene derivatives via aerobic ligand-free domino Suzuki coupling and Michael addition reaction catalyzed by in situ generated palladium nanoparticles in water leading to C–C and C–O bond formations simultaneously.     

Efficient palladium-catalyzed homocoupling reaction and Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction of terminal alkynes under aerobic conditions

An efficient method for palladium-catalyzed homocoupling reaction of terminal alkynes in the synthesis of symmetric diynes is presented. The results showed that both Pd(OAc)(2) and CuI played crucial roles in the reaction. In the presence of 2 mol % Pd(OAc)(2), 2 mol % CuI, 3 equiv of Dabco, and air, homocoupling of various terminal alkynes afforded the corresponding symmetrical diynes in moderate to excellent yields, whereas low yields were obtained without either Pd(OAc)(2) or CuI. Moreover, high TONs (turnover numbers; up to 940 000 for the reaction of phenylacetylene) for the homocoupling reaction were observed. Under similar reaction conditions, cross-coupling of 1-iodo-4-nitrobenzene with phenylacetylene was also carried out smoothly in quantitative yield. However, the presence of CuI disfavored the palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions of the less active aryl iodides and bromides. In the presence of 0.01-2 mol % Pd(OAc)(2), a number of aryl iodides and bromides were coupled with terminal alkynes in good to excellent yields. It is noteworthy that this protocol employs mild, efficient, aerobic, copper-free, and ligand-free conditions.     

醚基化二茂铁基膦配体的合成及其对钯催化的Suzuki偶联反应的促进作用

通过乙酸1-(2-二苯膦基二茂铁基)-乙基酯和二甘醇反应,制得新的醚基化的二茂铁基膦配体2-二苯膦基二茂铁基-乙基-5-羟基-3-氧杂戊醚(产率77%),其结构经1H NMR、13C NMR、31P NMR及MS鉴定。 初步研究发现,该醚基化的二茂铁基膦可作为支持配体应用于钯催化的Suzuki反应中,可催化溴代芳烃及带吸电子基的氯代芳烃与苯基硼酸偶联反应制得相应的联芳烃。 催化反应数据表明,配体中的醚氧与Pd中心的配位作用对提高该Pd催化剂的催化性能有一定贡献。     

Stereodivergent zinc-mediated three-component synthesis of tri- and tetrasubstituted alkenes

Zinc simple: The loading-dependent zinc-mediated addition of benzyl bromides to alkynes is the key step for the formation of vinyl bromides. In combination with a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction with boronic acids, tri- and tetrasubstituted alkenes were obtained in good yields and stereoselectivities in a one-pot protocol.     

Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki couplings using a novel diaminophosphine oxide as ligand

A novel diaminophosphine oxide was synthesized and applied as ligand in palladium-catalyzed Suzuki couplings reaction of aryl bromides and chlorides.The coupling reaction proceeded smoothly at mild conditions using 2 mol%Pd₂（dba）₃ in the presence of BuOK.     

Ligand-free palladium catalysis of the Suzuki reaction in water using microwave heating

[reaction: see text] We report the ligand-free palladium catalysis of the Suzuki reaction in water using microwave heating. Our methodology uses low palladium loadings (0.4 mol %), is fast (5-10 min reaction time), and is useful for couplings involving boronic acids and aryl iodides, bromides, and chlorides.     

Alcoholic solvent‐assisted ligand‐free room temperature Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction

We have observed the enhancing effect of alcoholic solvents in palladium‐catalysed ligand‐free Suzuki–Miyaura reactions. No extra additives or ligands are required for the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction of aryl bromides with arylboronic acids when we carried out the reaction in alcoholic or aqueous alcoholic solvents. Moreover, ethanol or aqueous ethanol is found to be a very good solvent for the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction involving electronically diverse aryl bromides and arylboronic acids under mild and ligand‐free conditions with low catalyst loading. It is observed from Hg(0) poisoning tests that the in situ generated palladium(0) species is the actual catalytic species for the reaction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sterically demanding, water-soluble alkylphosphines as ligands for high activity Suzuki coupling of aryl bromides in aqueous solvents

[reaction: see text]. Sterically demanding, water-soluble alkylphosphines have been found to give highly active catalysts for Suzuki coupling of aryl bromides in aqueous solvents. A variety of aryl bromides and boronic acids were coupled in excellent yield. Turnover numbers up to 734 000 mmol/mmol Pd have been achieved under mild conditions.     

Synthesis of 5-arylthiazoles. Comparative study between Suzuki cross-coupling reaction and direct arylation

A facile synthetic route to the new thiazol-5-ylboronic acid pinacol ester was described herein. Its reactivity toward Suzuki cross-coupling reaction was studied to provide various 5-arylthiazoles. A comparative study between Suzuki cross-coupling reactions and palladium-catalyzed C5–H direct arylation on thiazole ring was achieved.     

醋酸钯催化甲苯中无配体的 Suzuki 反应

 报道了一种甲苯中醋酸钯催化无配体的 Suzuki 反应体系. 以 K₃PO₄·7H₂O 为碱, 在该体系中可高效进行芳基溴代物和芳基硼酸的 Suzuki 反应, 且具有反应条件温和、无需惰性气体保护等特点. 在 n(ArBr) = 0.5 mmol, n(ArB(OH)₂) = 0.75 mmol, x(Pd(OAc)₂) = 1 mol%, n(K₃PO₄·7H₂O) = 1.0 mmol, v(甲苯) = 2 ml 的优化条件下, 4-溴硝基苯和苯硼酸在 75 °C 反应 5 min, 分离收率即达 99%, TOF 高达 1 188 h?1.