胶束电动毛细管色谱法同时测定复方化学消毒剂及日化产品中邻苯二甲醛、对氯间二甲基苯酚及三氯生

建立了邻苯二甲醛(OPA)、对氯间二甲基苯酚(PCMX)和三氯生3种杀菌剂同时分离测定的胶束电动毛细管色谱(MEKC)新方法。详细研究了影响上述3种杀菌剂同时分离与准确定量的因素: 如分离缓冲溶液的浓度及pH,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)浓度、样品缓冲溶液等。以40.2 cm (有效长度: 30 cm)×50 μm未涂层熔融石英毛细管为分离柱,20 mmol/L硼砂-80 mmol/L SDS(无需调pH)为分离缓冲溶液,2 mmol/L硼砂-8 mmol/L SDS (含体积分数为10%甲醇)为样品缓冲溶液,检测波长为214 nm。3种杀菌剂的校正峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.1%～ 3.8%范围内,迁移时间的RSD均小于0.9%, OPA、PCMX和三氯生的检出限(LOD,信噪比为3)分别为4.0、0.4、0.4 mg/L,定量限(LOQ,信噪比为10)分别为12、1.2、1.2 mg/L,校正峰面积与相应的质量浓度分别在12～2 000 mg/L、1.2～200 mg/L和1.2～200 mg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9994、0.9993和0.9995。该法前处理简单,可快速、准确地同时测定3种组分,非常适合常规实验室分析。     

Separation and determination of flavonoids using microemulsion EKC with electrochemical detection

A selective and sensitive method of microemulsion EKC (MEEKC) with electrochemical detection (ED) was developed for separation and determination of 14 flavonoids. In order to obtain the better stability for the studied flavonoids, oil (ethyl acetate) with low interfacial surface tension was employed as organic solvent. A running buffer composed of 0.9% (w/v, 30 mM) SDS, 0.9% (w/v, 21 mM) sodium cholate (SC), 0.9% (w/v, 121 mM) butan-1-ol, 0.6% (w/v, 68 mM) ethyl acetate, and 98.2% v/v 10 mM Na(2)B(4)O(7)-20 mM H(3)BO(3) buffer (pH 7.5) was applied for the separation of flavonoids. Under the optimum conditions, the relationship between peak currents and analyte concentrations was linear over about 1.3 and 1.7 orders of magnitude with detection limits (defined as S/N = 3) ranging from 0.02 to 0.5 microg/mL for all analytes. This method was applied for the determination of flavonoids in real samples with simple extraction procedures, and the assay results were satisfactory.     

Validated method for bioactive lignans in Schisandra chinensis in vitro cultures using a solid phase extraction and a monolithic column application

A simple and rapid method for determination of six lignans found in plant cell cultures of Schisandra chinensis was developed and validated. The lignans were extracted from plant samples with methanol and the extracts were effectively cleaned by solid‐phase extraction using Strata C18‐E (Phenomenex) cartridges. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a Chromolith Performance RP‐18e monolithic column (100 × 4.6 mm, Merck) using an isocratic mobile phase of acetonitrile and water in a 50:50 (v/v) ratio. The eluent was monitored at 220 nm. The baseline separation of schizandrin, gomisin A, deoxyschizandrin, γ‐schizandrin, gomisin N and wuweizisu C was achieved in a relatively short time period (20 min), which was made possible by the relatively high flow rate of the mobile phase (2 mL/min). The lower limit of quantitation was 0.1 mg/L for schizandrin and gomisin A, 0.3 mg/L for deoxyschizandrin, γ‐schizandrin, and gomisin N and 1 mg/L for wuweizisu C. The analysis of spiked samples containing six lignans provided absolute recoveries between 93 and 101% in all cases. The validated method was successfully applied to the determination of lignans in embryogenic plant cell cultures of Schisandra chinensis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

毛细管电泳-间接紫外检测法测定蜂蜜中的氨基酸

采用毛细管电泳-间接紫外检测法同时分离测定蜂蜜中的赖氨酸、色氨酸、谷氨酸等9种氨基酸。考察了磷酸浓度、进样方式和缓冲液pH对分离效率和重现性的影响。在分离电压为-15 kV、检测波长为220 nm条件下,以含有0.5 mmol/L十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、20 mmol/L烟酸、10%甲醇的10 mmol/L磷酸二氢钠缓冲溶液(pH 10.2)为运行缓冲液,9种组分在11 min内达到基线分离;检出限最低可达到0.3 mg/L;线性范围为1.0~1000 mg/L;日间及日内精密度为0.64%~5.83%。实际样品中除甲硫氨酸外的8种氨基酸的加标回收率为60.00%~118.37%。将该方法应用于不同蜜源植物和产地的蜂蜜样品的测定,在市售的5种蜂蜜中均检测到脯氨酸、丝氨酸和天冬氨酸,而只在荔枝蜜中检测到苏氨酸。该方法可以为蜂蜜的蜜源鉴别及质量评估提供借鉴方法。     

毛细管电泳法同时测定复方化学消毒剂中醋酸洗必泰和苯扎氯铵

建立了复方化学消毒剂中常用有效成分醋酸洗必泰和苯扎氯铵(C12-BAC、C14-BAC及C16-BAC)同时分离测定的毛细管电泳(CE)方法。以37 cm×50 μm未涂层熔融石英毛细管为分离柱,以150 mmol/L磷酸二氢钠-62.5 mmol/L磷酸(pH 2.5)缓冲液(含体积分数为40%的乙腈)为分离缓冲溶液,50 mmol/L醋酸-乙腈(体积比为1:1)为样品介质,检测波长为214 nm。方法的日内及日间精密度分别小于3.0%及3.7%。醋酸洗必泰、C12-BAC、C14-BAC及C16-BAC的检出限(信噪比为3)分别为0.3、0.5、0.5、0.5 mg/L,定量限(信噪比为10)分别为1.0、1.5、1.5和1.5 mg/L,在1.0～400、1.5～200、1.5～200和1.5～200 mg/L范围内,4种有效成分的校正峰面积与相应质量浓度均具有良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9995、0.9998、0.9997和0.9998。加标回收率为93.83%～104.97%。将该法用于实际样品分析,并与液相色谱的分析结果进行比对,获得满意结果。     

高效液相色谱法检测新西兰Manuka蜂蜜中的甲基乙二醛

建立了高效液相色谱法用于检测新西兰Manuka蜂蜜中的甲基乙二醛。将蜂蜜溶于水后加入邻苯二胺水溶液,在室温、避光条件下衍生化反应8 h以上,产物过0.22 μm滤膜后用HPLC检测。以Kromasil反相色谱柱为分析柱;甲醇和0.1%(v/v)乙酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱;检测波长为318 nm;外标法定量。甲基乙二醛在1~50 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.9999;检出限(S/N=3)为0.02 mg/L,定量限(S/N=10)为0.06 mg/L;在50、100、200 mg/kg添加水平下的回收率为98.3%~101.5%,相对标准偏差(n=5)小于5%;衍生化产物在24 h内稳定。实验结果表明,该方法前处理过程简单,具有良好的灵敏度、回收率和重复性,可用于新西兰Manuka蜂蜜的质量控制。该方法也适用于中国蜂蜜中甲基乙二醛的检测。     

Analysis of benzalkonium chloride by capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry

Conditions for the separation and determination of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) homologues by CE with UV-detection and CE coupled to MS (IT) using electrospray as ionization source were established. The separation was performed using fused-silica capillaries of 50 microm id and 100 mM acetic acid-ammonium acetate buffer solution at pH 4.5 with 80% of ACN as carrier electrolyte. CE-MS coupling parameters were optimized and methanol-10 mM acetic acid (90:10 v/v) was selected as sheath liquid. Detection limits, based on an S/N of 3:1, were calculated, and values between 0.8 and 1.3 mg/L with CE-ESI/MS and around 0.5 mg/L with CE-ESI-MS/MS, using hydrodynamic injection (15 s, 3.5 kPa), were obtained. Good run-to-run and day-to-day precisions on concentration were achieved with RSDs lower than 8%. Quantitative analysis was carried out by the internal standard method and the calibration curves showed good linearities (r(2) > 0.98). The CE-ESI-MS/MS method was successfully applied to the analysis of BAC in different ophthalmic solutions, allowing the direct determination, identification and confirmation of the BAC homologues presented in these samples.     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定甘草酸单铵盐原料药主成分及有关物质含量

建立了同时测定甘草酸单铵盐原料药中主成分18α-甘草酸、18β-甘草酸及其有关物质A、有关物质B含量的高效液相色谱法,并用于其质量标准的建立。采用Durashell C₁₈色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm),以10 mmol/L高氯酸铵(氨水调节pH 8.20)-甲醇(48:52, v/v)为流动相,流速0.80 mL/min,检测波长254 nm,柱温50 ℃,进样量10 μL。在优化的色谱条件下,18α-甘草酸、18β-甘草酸、有关物质A、有关物质B在0.50~100 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(r>0.9999),检出限分别为0.15、0.10、0.10、0.15 mg/L,平均回收率在97.32%~99.33%之间(n=3),相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.05%~1.06%之间。本方法检测灵敏、重现性好,结果准确可靠,可用于甘草酸单铵盐原料药主成分及有关物质的检测分析,有利于其原料药的质量控制。     

低温分配固液萃取结合高效液相色谱-质谱法测定食用菌中6-苄基腺嘌呤

建立了低温分配固液萃取（SLE-LTP）技术结合高效液相色谱-质谱（HPLC-MS）测定食用菌中6-苄基腺嘌呤（6-BA）的方法。食用菌样品经乙腈提取和低温分配,采用Hitachi LaChrom C18色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）分离,以0.02 mol/L乙酸铵（含0.1%（v/v）冰乙酸）-甲醇（6∶4,v/v）溶液为流动相,等度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子模式下检测,外标法定量。结果表明,6-苄基腺嘌呤在0.05~2.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为1.0000;方法的检出限和定量限分别为0.006 mg/kg和0.02 mg/kg。加标回收率试验显示在0.1 mg/kg和0.5 mg/kg添加水平下6-苄基腺嘌呤的加标回收率为81.3%~93.7%,相对标准偏差为0.7%~2.4%。该法简单、准确、稳定,可用于食用菌中6-苄基腺嘌呤的检测。     

Simultaneous determination of metal ions, amino acids, and other small biogenic molecules in human serum by capillary zone electrophoresis with transient isotachophoretic preconcentration

CE with indirect UV detection was used for the simultaneous determination of lithium, magnesium, calcium, creatinine, carnitine, and a number of amino acids in human serum. The target analytes, positively charged under acidic electrolyte conditions, were separated with positive separation voltage polarity using 10 mM 4-methylbenzylamine, 4.5 mM citric acid, 25% (v/v) methanol at pH 4.05 as background electrolyte providing optimal separation. When analyzing real samples, however, some peaks were broadened due to essentially destacking conditions. In order to maintain the separation efficiency and also enhance the detection sensitivity, transient isotachophoresis (tITP) sample stacking was applied and yielded theoretical plate numbers in the range from 160,000 (arginine) to 350,000 (creatinine). The limit of detection values with tITP preconcentration were 0.11-0.26 mg L(-1) for metal cations, 1.0 mg L(-1) for creatinine, and 1.3-3.9 mg L(-1) for histidine, lysine, arginine, and ornithine. The method precision for peak areas was from 0.4 to 5.0% relative standard deviation using the matrix sodium as internal standard. The accuracy of the developed tITP-CZE system was verified by consistent results for Li+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and creatinine obtained on analyzing two serum certified reference materials. The only sample preparation required was ultrafiltration and acidification (to release protein-bound alkaline earths), and working ranges for individual analytes corresponded well to clinical concentration ranges.     

毛细管区带电泳法分析不同来源血竭中龙血素A和龙血素B

在系统优化了电解质溶液的pH、组成、浓度及仪器条件的基础上,建立了一种测定不同来源血竭中龙血素A和龙血素B的毛细管区带电泳(CZE)方法。采用20 kV的分离电压,25 ℃的毛细管柱温,211 nm的检测波长以及5 s的压力(3447 Pa)进样时间,在20 mmol/L的Na2B4O7缓冲溶液(用NaOH调节pH到9.98,含有10%(v/v,下同)乙腈、5.0%乙二醇和1.0%正丁醇)中,龙血素A和龙血素B在15 min内得到了有效分离与检测。方法的线性范围对于龙血素A和龙血素B分别为1.0～100.0 mg/L和0.5～100.0 mg/L。将该方法用于天然血竭及人工诱导血竭中龙血素A和龙血素B的测定,相对标准偏差在0.6%～3.8%之间,加标回收率在95.1%～105.8%之间。方法具有简单、快速、重现性较好和准确度较高的优点,可以用于血竭样品中龙血素A和龙血素B的测定。     

高效毛细管电泳安培法测定肉苁蓉中松果菊苷的含量

采用毛细管电泳安培法建立了肉苁蓉中松果菊苷含量的检测方法,探讨了缓冲溶液种类、工作电位、分离电压、进样时间等对分离和检测的影响.在15 mmol/L硼砂缓冲溶液(pH 9.5),25 kV电压,0.6 V工作电位的条件下,松果菊苷的质量浓度在0.5～50.0 mg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好线性,相关系数为0.9994,检...     

Separation of organic and inorganic arsenic species by capillary electrophoresis using direct spectrophotometric detection

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with UV detection was used for the determination of arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, p-aminophenylarsonic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenearsonic acid, 4-nitrophenylarsonic acid, phenylarsonic acid, and phenylarsine oxide. The electrophoretic mobilities of these anionic species were determined in a 20 mM phosphate buffer in a pH range from 4 to 11, which established pH 10 as the optimum for the separation. The target analytes were then separated in a fused-silica capillary using 20 mM NaHCO(3)-Na(2)CO(3) buffer, pH 10, as electrolyte and detected at 192 nm. Both normal- and reversed electroosmotic flow (EOF) separation modes were investigated and in the latter case, poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride) (PDDAC), was used for dynamic coating of the capillary and to provide a stable and reproducible reversed EOF (relative standard deviation RSD, 0.39%). The influence of electrolyte pH and composition, applied voltage, as well as EOF reversal protocols upon the method performance criteria were investigated. The optimised method provided limits of detection for the target analytes of 1.62, 6.22, 1.45, 1.83, 0.34, 0.40, 0.40, 0.18, and 0.30 mg/L As, respectively. Linearity was obtained in the range of 0.5-40 mg/L As (for aryl compounds) and from 5-100 mg/L As (for the remaining analytes). Reproducibility of peak areas was in the range of 0.8-5.5% RSD. The method was applied to the determination of four aryl arsenic compounds used as additives in animal feed. Analytes were extracted with 40 mM hydrochloric acid - acetonitrile 4:1 v/v, and then cleaned up by passing through a C(18) solid-phase extraction cartridge before analysis by CE with detection at 200 nm. Recoveries for the four analytes were in the range of 78.8-108.3%.     

反相离子对高效液相色谱法测定铁强化酱油中的乙二胺四乙酸铁钠

建立了用反相离子对高效液相色谱法分离和测定铁强化酱油中的铁营养强化剂乙二胺四乙酸铁钠(NaFeEDTA)的方法。样品经甲醇沉淀后,以Zorbax C8 色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5 μm)进行分离,以含12.5%甲醇、0.13%四丁基氢氧化铵(TBAOH)和0.052%甲酸的水溶液（pH 3.5）作为流动相,流速为1.00 mL/min,检测波长为254 nm,整个分离过程在30 min内完成。考察了NaFeEDTA在不同品牌酱油中的回收率,其中NaFeEDTA的添加量为0.50~4.00 g/L时,其回收率为94.15%~101.5%。对NaFeEDTA添加量为2.00 g/L的铁强化酱油样品重复测定6次,其峰面积的相对标准偏差为0.89%。NaFeEDTA标准溶液的最低检测限为0.03 mg/L。本方法简单、快速、重现性好,可用于铁强化酱油中NaFeEDTA含量的检测。     

Separation of polythionates and the gold thiosulfate complex in gold thiosulfate leach solutions by ion-interaction chromatography

A method for the separation of the polythionates (SxO6(2-), x = 3-5) in gold thiosulfate leach solutions using ion-interaction chromatography with conductivity and ultraviolet (UV) detection is described. Polythionates were eluted within 18 min using an eluent comprising an acetonitrile step gradient at 0.0 min from 15% v/v to 28% v/v, 3 mM TBAOH, and 2.5 mM sodium carbonate, operated using a Dionex NS1-5 micron column with guard. The developed method was capable of separating the gold thiosulfate complex ion in standard solutions, but quantification of this species in realistic leach solutions proved impractical due to a self-elution effect that caused the gold peak to be eluted as a broad band. Detection limits for polythionates using a 10 microL injection volume ranged between 1-6 mg L(-1) (5-23 microM) for conductivity and 0.8-13 mg L(-1) (4-68 microM) for UV detection, based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 2. Calibration was linear over the ranges 5-2000, 10-2000 and 25-2500 mg L(-1) for trithionate, tetrathionate and pentathionate, respectively. The technique was applied successfully to leach liquors containing 0.5 M ammonium thiosulfate, 2 M ammonia, 0.05 M copper sulfate and 20 % m/v gold ore.     

30%亚硫酸氢钠溶液样品中Cl-和SO2-4的同时测定

建立了采用离子色谱测定30%亚硫酸氢钠溶液样品中的氯化钠和硫酸钠含量的新方法。采用IonPac AS14分析柱,选择三乙醇胺为亚硫酸氢钠的稳定剂,以丙酮为有机改进剂,淋洗液组成为1.5 mol/L Na2CO3-3.5 mol/L NaHCO3-10% （体积分数）(CH3)2CO,流速为1.0 mL/min,抑制电导检测。实验结果表明,氯离子、硫酸根离子分别在0.05~1.5 mg/L,0.20~15 mg/L时,其峰面积与质量浓度呈线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,检出限分别为0.01 mg/L和0.03 mg/L。该法用于实际样品分析,操作便捷,结果可靠。     

在线扫集-胶束毛细管电动色谱法测定复方氨酚烷胺胶囊中的3种有效成分

以在线扫集-胶束毛细管电动色谱法(Sweeping-MEKC)测定了复方氨酚烷胺胶囊中的马来酸氯苯那敏、咖啡因和对乙酰氨基酚3种有效成分。考察了缓冲溶液pH值、SDS浓度、分离电压及进样时间等对分离效果的影响。优化条件:以未涂层熔融石英毛细管(55 cm×50μm,有效柱长35 cm)为分离柱;环境温度25℃;80 mmol/L十二烷基磺酸钠+20 mmol/L NaH2PO4(pH 2.2)+15%乙腈为缓冲体系,分离电压-20kV,进样时间60 s(H=20.0 cm),测量波长210 nm。在该条件下氯苯那敏、咖啡因和对乙酰氨基酚在25min内出峰,峰面积RSD均小于4%;线性范围分别为2.45～39.17、1.61～25.76、1.58～25.28 mg/L;检出限(S/N=3)分别达139、34、24μg/L,回收率分别为96%～101%、98%～102%、96%～102%。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定扁桃仁中的水溶性维生素C,B1,B2和B6

建立了用高效液相色谱同时测定扁桃仁中4种水溶性维生素C,B1,B2和B6的方法。以酸水解法处理样品,在Inertsil ODS-3柱(25 cm×4.6 mm i.d., 5.0 μm)上,以0.05 mol/L KH2PO4 (pH 6.0)-甲醇(体积比为70∶30)为流动相进行等度洗脱,检测波长265 nm条件下,对陕西蒲城扁桃仁中的水溶性维生素C,B1,B2和B6的含量进行了同时测定。4种水溶性维生素在其质量浓度为5.0~50 mg/L时线性良好(r=0.9990~0.9997);添加水平为5.0~20.0 mg/kg时,平均回收率为91.77%～99.30%,相对标准偏差(n=3)为0.31%～1.98%。测得陕西蒲城产扁桃仁中维生素B2的含量为4.27～4.53 mg/kg,维生素B1的含量为0.799～0.838 mg/kg,未检出维生素C和维生素B6。该法简便、快速,准确性和重现性均较好,对果仁中水溶性维生素的测定具有一定的参考价值。     

Simultaneous determination of silicon and phosphorus in soil and plants by reversed-phase ion-pair chromatography

A reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatographic method, using tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr) as ion-pair reagent, has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of silicon (Si) and phosphorus (P) as heteropoly acids in soil and plant samples. The effect of the concentrations of ion-pair reagent, acetate buffer and organic modifier as well as the pH of buffer on separation was made clear. The reaction conditions and stability of heteropoly acids were investigated. Furthermore, the phenomenon occurred in the optimized process was also further researched. The separation was performed on a reversed-phase C(18) column within 11 min with 40:60 (v/v) 0.1M acetate buffer (pH 3.9)-acetonitrile (ACN) containing 0.8 mM TBABr as a mobile phase. The linear ranges of the peak area calibration curves for Si and P were 0.08-50 mg/L and 0.40-50 mg/L, respectively. The detection limits calculated at S/N=3 were 0.0057 mg/L and 0.0280 mg/L for Si and P, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of soluble and total contents of Si and P in soil and plant samples.     

High-performance liquid chromatography utilization of ionic liquids as mobile phase additives for separation and determination of the isomers of amino benzoic acids

For the isomers of amino benzoic acid, including o-, m-, p-amino benzoic acid, the beneficial effects of using the ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIm][BF₄]), as mobile phase additives on retention behavior and separation were investigated. Chromatographic separation of the o-, m-, p-amino benzoic acid was performed on a reversed-phase C18 column by ultraviolet detection at 245 nm. The effects of several chromatographic parameters, concentrations and pH values of [BMIm][BF₄] solutions, methanol concentration and length of alkyl chain on different ionic liquids, on the separation and determination of the isomers were evaluated. The optimized chromatographic conditions were established using an aqueous 0.5 μmol/L [BMIm][BF₄] solution (pH 3.0)/methanol (40:60, v/v) as mobile phase without need of gradient elution, with separation of three amino benzoic acids achieved within four min. The calibration curve showed good linearity over the tested range of 2 mg/L to 120 mg/L for the three isomers with a correlation coefficients of 0.9999. The recoveries of the three amino benzoic acids of spiked components were between 99.8% and 100%. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of p-amino benzoic acid in the pharmaceutical, Bromine Mitag Procaine Injection.