快脉冲直线型变压器驱动源同步触发系统

提出了一种基于单传输线脉冲成形技术的模块化快脉冲直线型变压器驱动源的同步触发系统的概念设计,主要由级数较少的Marx发生器、脉冲形成线、主开关、脉冲传输线及触发引出电缆等组成。利用等效电路模型,研究了Marx发生器与脉冲形成线的配合关系,当发生器同时驱动多路形成线时,可以有效增加触发脉冲的数量,并能提高能量利用效率,但触发脉冲的幅值会降低。研究了水介质线阻抗与引出电缆数量对触发脉冲的影响,结果表明:随着电缆序号的增加,触发脉冲的幅值逐渐降低,并且水介质线的阻抗越高,幅值降低的速度越快。触发脉冲也可同时引出,驱动单路形成线输出60路时,触发脉冲的峰值约为293 kV,前沿约11 ns;当驱动5路形成线输出300路时,触发脉冲的峰值约为151 kV,前沿约11 ns。     

Synchronized whistlers recorded at Varanasi

Some interesting events of synchronized whistlers recorded at low latitude station Varanasi during magnetic storm period of the year 1977 are presented. The dynamic spectrum analysis shows that the component whistlers are Eckersley whistlers having dispersion 10 s^1/2 and 30 s^1/2. An attempt has been made to explain the dynamic spectra using lightning discharge generated from magnetospheric sources     

Impact of spatial modulation on the third harmonic wave propagation and far-field focal spot in frequency conversion system

Third harmonic generation (THG) of high power laser is discussed in KDP crystals utilized in frequency conversion systems of large laser facilities. The far-field focal spot of the third harmonic wave is presented based on numerical simulation of the nonlinear coupled-wave equations, in which the walk-off and paraxial diffraction are taken into account and the electric field of the fundamental wave (1053 nm, 1ω) pulse is phase and amplitude modulated in spatial domain. Impact of the modulation depth and frequency on the focal spot energy, the side lobes location and conversion efficiency are analyzed in detail. The results show that the side lobes location is equivalently determined by the modulation frequency of both phase modulation and amplitude modulation, while the energy-concentration is decreased mostly because of the 1ω modulation depth. Relatively, the phase modulation plays a more important role than the amplitude modulation in decreasing main lobe energy for different reasons. The phase modulation makes the energy flowing from the main lobe to side lobes, while amplitude modulation not only makes the energy flowing but also decreases tripling efficiency significantly.     

利用法布里-珀罗腔抑制电光相位调制中的剩余幅度调制

激光经电光相位调制后,由于剩余幅度调制的存在造成调制边带幅度不相等。利用法布里-珀罗腔的透射特性和Pound-Drever-Hall技术对通过法布里-珀罗腔的调制光正、负一级边带的幅度产生不同的衰减,使得调制边带的幅度相等,从而实现对电光相位调制中剩余幅度调制的抑制。采用该方法,理论上计算了调制光经法布里-珀罗腔后的光外差光谱信号,获得锁定法布里-珀罗腔后调制边带幅度的不对称度较腔锁定前减小四个数量级。实验研究了调制光经法布里-珀罗腔透射的光外差光谱,结果表明将法布里-珀罗腔锁定于该透射光外差光谱中心零位时,对剩余幅度调制的抑制程度可达45 dB。     

大气湍流对多抖动法相干合成技术中相位调制信号的影响

分析了大气湍流对采用多抖动法实现的相干合成阵列光束中相位调制信号的影响. 文章首先根据广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,采用折射率结构函数对大气湍流进行描述,推导了多抖动法相干合成中阵列光束通过大气湍流后相位调制信号的一般表达式. 在此基础上进行数值模拟,分析了传输距离、湍流强度、光束阵列占空比和光斑尺寸等因素对相位调制信号的影响. 研究发现随着传输距离的增大,相位调制信号强度会先增大后减小,存在一个极大值点;随着湍流强度的增强,相位调制信号强度极大值点的出现距离不断缩短;当光束阵列占空比一定时,随着光斑尺寸的增大 关键词： 大气湍流 相干合成 多抖动法 相位调制     

相位、振幅调制两用声光调制器设计

针对实际应用中大多的光调制器只能实现单参数调制的情况,提出一种既可以调相又可以调幅的声光调制器的设计方案.运用矩阵级数解法求解正常声光相互作用Raman-Nath方程,通过计算机编程进行数值求解,得到衍射光的衍射光强和附加位相变化,从而指出以往解法的一些不合理性,并找到声波功率和衍射光的光强和位相的关系,为声光效应的位相调制和振幅调制设计提供了一种可行的方法.结合调制声波频率,可在同一个调制器上进行调幅、调相、调偏转方向.     

环形光束的非线性传输及聚焦特性研究

针对用于产生光镊的环形光束,利用分步傅里叶-贝塞尔变换算法,对二维环形超高斯光束的非线性传输及聚焦过程进行了数值模拟,给出了环形光束聚焦场附近的光强分布,并分析了非线性调制对聚焦性质(包括焦面中心光强、焦面光强的横向分布、轴上光强和光束质量)的影响.研究表明,从聚焦角度来看,非线性调制中的位相调制比振幅调制对环形光束聚焦性质的影响程度要大;从非线性传输角度来看,随着非线性介质长度的增加,位相调制和振幅调制对环形光束聚焦性质各有不同程度的加剧,其中非线性作用对振幅调制的影响要比位相调制明显.     

电离层调制加热产生极低频/甚低频波定向辐射的理论分析

通过低电离层调制加热能够产生极低频/甚低频(ELF/VLF)波. 基于调制加热理论, 并引入相控阵天线思想, 建立了通过双波束幅度调制模式(DAM)和圆形几何调制模式(CGM)产生ELF/VLF波的定向辐射模型, 并通过与实验数据的对比验证了模型的正确性. 据此模型, 采用HARRP加热阵参数, 对比分析了上述两种定向辐射模式与常规幅度调制模式(AM)之间的特性差异, 并研究了调制频率(f_ELF/VLF)和加热波束与垂直方向倾角(ψ)对各模式的影响. 结果表明: 相对AM模式, 通过合理设置初始相位、f_ELF/VLF和ψ, DAM 模式和CGM模式在实现ELF/VLF信号定向辐射的同时还可以提高其辐射强度, 相对AM模式, CGM模式信号强度最大提高约11.3 dB. 关键词： 定向辐射 双波束幅度调制 圆形几何调制     

Analytical model for hybrid amplitude and phase modulation in dispersive radio over fiber links

A general model of analog microwave photonic links employing cascaded amplitude and phase external modulation is theoretically derived. Chromatic dispersion is also included in the model showing a different dispersion induced attenuation response in comparison to pure phase or amplitude modulation. Thus, hybrid modulation can be used to increase the bandwidth of radio over fiber links without the need of single-sideband modulation or dispersion compensation. Experimental results agreeing with the derived theory are also provided.     

Synchronized firing of FitzHugh-Nagumo neurons by noise

We investigate the influence of noise on synchronization between the spiking activities of neurons with external impulsive forces. We first analyze the dependence of the synchronized firing on the amplitude and the angular frequency of the impulsive force in the noise-free system. Three cases (regular spiking, traveling wave, and chaotic spiking) with low synchronized firing are chosen to study effects due to noise. In each case we find that small noise can be a promoter of synchronization phenomena in neural activities, by choosing an appropriate noise intensity acting on some of the neurons.     

高强度三次谐波转换中位相扰动的变化

 以I/II类角度失谐三倍频方案为例，详细讨论了在高强度三次谐波转换过程中入射基频光的位相扰动和振幅调制对三倍频光位相扰动的影响，定量分析了基频光和三倍频光的位相扰动之间的变化关系。模拟结果表明，三倍频光的位相扰动幅度近似为基频光的三倍；入射基频光的位相分布对三倍频光的影响比振幅调制的影响更加明显，但是当入射功率密度较大时，基频光的振幅调制对三倍频光位相分布的影响明显增大。     

啁啾光脉冲的振幅调制和相位扰动对压缩光脉冲的影响

 通过采用分步傅里叶变换法求解非线性薛定谔方程,模拟了啁啾光脉冲有振幅调制和相位扰动下的自相位调制（SPM）对压缩光脉冲对比度和预脉冲宽度的影响。结果表明：啁啾光脉冲的振幅调制深度和相位扰动深度越大,则压缩后的光脉冲对比度越小;啁啾光脉冲的振幅调制周期和相位扰动周期越小,则压缩光脉冲的预脉冲宽度越大。     

Synchronized and desynchronized phases of exciton-polariton condensates in the presence of disorder

Condensation of exciton polaritons in semiconductor microcavities takes place despite in-plane disorder. Below the critical density, the inhomogeneity of the disorder limits the spatial extension of the ground state. Above the critical density, in the presence of weak disorder, this limitation is spontaneously overcome by the nonlinear interaction, resulting in an extended synchronized phase. In the case of strong disorder, several non-phase-locked condensates can be evidenced. The transition from a synchronized phase to a desynchronized phase is addressed by sampling the cavity disorder.     

压缩感知同步扫描重建及其采样方案的研究

压缩感知(compressed sensing,CS)-磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)技术使用随机欠采样的k空间数据来重建图像,大大提高了成像速度.但典型的CS重建很费时,这也是CS-MRI临床应用的主要障碍之一.针对这一问题,该文提出了在扫描时同步进行CS图像重建的方案.在同步重建的过程中,可以实时显示重建图像的结果,用户可以根据图像质量来决定何时终止扫描,这样可以在节约扫描和重建时间的同时,更好地控制图像质量.由于预先无法确定最终的采样率,因此传统的变密度随机采样方法并不完全适用.该文设计了适用于同步重建过程的采样模式生成方案,同时提出了分段采样方法,把采样过程分为两个阶段,不同阶段使用不同的概率密度函数(probability density function,PDF)确定待采样的相位编码行.模拟实验的结果表明,与使用单一密度函数的采样方案相比,分段采样方案能够在整个同步扫描重建过程中始终获得更好的图像.     

频率调制强吸收光谱中残余幅度调制的理论分析

由电光调制器(EOM)中双折射效应及线偏光不完全沿EOM调制方向诱发的残余幅度调制(RAM)使频率调制(FM)光谱技术在微量气体检测中的应用受到极大的限制。基于光场与晶体相互作用及光学干涉原理推导出存在RAM时FM光谱的线型表达式,确定出输入线偏光角度、EOM中双折射效应、FM系数等是影响线型的主要因素,且当入射EOM光的偏振角度偏离调制方向越大,双折射效应引起的特征偏振方向相位差越大,线型扭曲越严重;同时在FM色散光谱中存在一个受两者影响的直流偏置;最后给出通过伺服控制这两过程可以达到抑制RAM的目的。这些现象及线型的分析将为基于光纤器件的FM光谱提供必要的理论支持。     

干涉型光纤水听器相位载波调制及解调方案研究

概述了直接调制光源产生相位载波的马赫－曾德尔（Ｍａｃｈ－Ｚｅｈｎｄｅｒ）干涉型光纤水听器调制解调技术。重点在于通过严密的数学推导, 定量分析了直接调制光源伴生的调幅现象对于解调过程和结果的影响, 并有针对性地提出了解决办法。同时就采用直接调制光源的相位载波零差检测方案时, 设计中如何合理选择各相关参数, 以达到最佳匹配进行了原理性探讨。给出了有关实验结果, 这些理论分析和实验结果对于全光纤化水听器阵列的研究及检测系统的设计具有十分重要的意义。     

反射式液晶光阀用于激光束空间整形可行性研究

 从理论和实验两方面对一种反射式液晶光阀（LCOS）的调制特性进行了研究。着重研究了在高功率激光系统中,反射式液晶光阀作为空间整形器件面临的一些应用问题,特别是它的各种调制特性、整形能力以及对于光束质量的影响。研究发现,与透射式液晶光阀相比,反射式液晶光阀有着明显的优势,效率达到42%,远远优于透射式液晶光阀10%的效率,从而能够实现系统的大幅度简化,是一种非常有潜力的空间光调制器件。     

Receiver structure and estimation of the modulation index for tamed frequency modulated (TFM) signals

Tamed frequency modulation (TFM) is a spectrally efficient constant amplitude continuous phase modulation (CPM) scheme which can be simply realized by using a frequency modulator (FM). In the implementation the modulation index of TFM is calibrated to have a nominal value of 0.5, but due to temperature variations it can drift causing time varying phase jitter. In this paper we present novel algorithms and performance results to measure and control the modulation index in a coherent receiver based on the joint reduced state sequence detector (RSSD) and per-survivor processing (PSP) carrier phase estimation. The modulation index estimator measures phase transitions in the receiver and derives estimates by comparing the result to the coding rule of the TFM signal. The estimator has acquisition and tracking ability, and the current estimate can be used to replace the nominal index value. Our simulation results show that the proposed coherent receiver with the novel modulation index estimator has less than 1 dB performance degradation compared to around 4.5 dB exploiting only the PSP carrier phase estimation.     

Time-average holographic interferometry with a sinusoidally modulated laser diode

Laser diodes have the features of a single-mode operation and a frequency tunability. Holographic interferometry is described for investigating the vibrating amplitude and phase with a frequency-modulated laser diode. Sinusoidal wavelength change by varying laser injection current produces the sinusoidal phase modulation of relative phase difference between the reference and vibrating object paths. Holograms are made by time-average exposure of three-type recording modes with a laser diode. The phase of vibrating object is extracted from the measurements of Bessel-type fringe irradiances in three kinds of time-average holographic reconstruction. Experimental results of phase and amplitude for a vibrating cantilever object are shown.     

应用相位调制驻波光场制备囚禁离子的暗压缩态

基于囚禁离子与驻波激光场相互作用,应用驻波光场的相位调制的方法,我们提出了一种制备离子振动压缩态的新方法.研究了压缩振幅与调制振幅的关系.我们发现:适当选择调制振幅,可把离子制备在最佳压缩振动态上,并且它们的产生伴随着自发辐射的相消.提出了一种实验构想,并进行了讨论.