OFDMA-based LAN emulation in long-reach hybrid PON system

A novel long-reach, hybrid wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and time-division multiplexing (TDM) passive optical network (PON) architecture which supports local area network (LAN) emulation among customers is proposed. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) technology is used in optical network units (ONUs) to transmit the LAN data. The optical LAN data from an ONU is converted into the electrical signal and combined with TDM downstream access data in the extended box for delivery to other ONUs. This scheme has many advantages on LAN emulation, such as dynamic allocation of LAN bandwidth, no bandwidth cost of TDM business, supporting multiple concurrent LAN services and so on. Simulations are performed to verify the scheme. Tolerance of dispersion and factors that influence the performance of various independent services are all investigated and analyzed.     

Adaptive upstream rate adjustment by RSOA-ONU depending on different injection power of seeding light in standard-reach and long-reach PON systems

The wavelength division multiplexing-time division multiplexing (WDM-TDM) passive optical network (PON) using reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA)-based colorless optical networking units (ONUs) is considered as a promising candidate for the realization of fiber-to-the-home (FTTH). And this architecture is actively considered by Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) for the realization of FTTH in Taiwan. However, different fiber distances and optical components would introduce different power budgets to different ONUs in the PON. Besides, due to the aging of optical transmitter (Tx), the power decay of the distributed optical carrier from the central office (CO) could also reduce the injection power into each ONU. The situation will be more severe in the long-reach (LR) PON, which is considered as an option for the future access. In this work, we investigate a WDM-TDM PON using RSOA-based ONU for upstream data rate adjustment depending on different continuous wave (CW) injection powers. Both standard-reach (25 km) and LR (100 km) transmissions are evaluated. Moreover, a detail analysis of the upstream signal bit-error rate (BER) performances at different injection powers, upstream data rates, PON split-ratios under stand-reach and long-reach is presented.     

Remotely pumped EDFA-based 40-Gb/s downstream and 10-Gb/s upstream long-reach WDM PON employing RSOA and FBG equalizer

We propose a remotely pumped Er-doped fiber amplifier （EDFA）-based 40-Gb/s downstream and 10- Gb/s upstream transmission long-reach wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network （WDM- PON） scheme with downstream and upstream transmission implemented by quadrature phase-shift keying （QPSK） transceiver and reflective semiconductor optical amplifier （RSOA）-based intensity modulation direct detection （IM-DD）. Transmissions of the 40-Gb/s QPSK downstream, using a Mach-Zehnder mod- ulator, and the 10-Gb/s non-return-to-zero on-off keying （NRZ-OOK） upstream, using a 1.2-GHz RSOA equalized by fiber Bragg grating （FBG）, are demonstrated with 40-km fiber transmission.     

Hydrogen absorption mechanism and location in intermetallic compounds

Conclusions The purpose of this review is to acquaint the reader with the new field of ternary hydrides and to expose him to its relevance to modern energy technology. Studying their fundamental properties is one fascinating aspect in view of their novel and unusual nature. The methods of hyperfine interactions have an important role to play in their microscopic understanding, as we have illustrated through a few examples. The absorption mechanism of hydrogen has been shown to be closely related to the nature of surface overlayers and their catalytic activity. Similar measurements will be of importance also in many of the other catalytic reactions used in industry. The microscopic nature of hyperfine interaction tools also helps in determining the hydrogen site occupancy. In addition, such methods can in principle yield dynamic information which are useful in investigating relevant properties such as diffusion rates of hydrogen.Work supported by the U. S. Department of Energy     

Tunable wavelength converters based switching structure for WDM-TDM hybrid PON

In the evolvement of Passive Optical Network (PON), the performance of hybrid Wavelength-Time Division Multiplexing based PON (WDM-TDM PON) is directly determined by the network architecture. This letter proposes a Tunable Wavelength Converter (TWC) based switching structure (TWC-SS) for WDM/TDM hybrid PON. Using the tunable wavelength converter technology, this Switch Node is designed and introduced into the hybrid WDM/TDM PON. Improved performances brought by the Switch Node on packet loss rate, bandwidth-utilization rate are proved by experimental results.     

Research on OCDMA-based PON monitoring technologies

An optical fiber fault location method based on OCDMA coding is proposed, which may locate branch optical fiber fault at local side. The method expands dynamic range through coding gain without influencing event distinction degree. Through simulation, it indicates that dynamic range of the method may support optical fiber fault detection in PON with branching ratio of 1:16 and transmission distance of 20 km, while the distinction degree is about 10 cm.     

基于对称变换的人脸图像眼睛定位方法

利用图像灰度分布的特性,从计算对称值的角度出发,利用梯度对称变换,实现了一种自动定位人脸图像中眼睛的算法。经计算机模拟实验表明,它对一定程度的背景干扰以及光照的变化不敏感,对正面人脸且在眼睛张开的情况下,对称变换的定位准确率可以达到95%以上。     

基于曲线拟合的亚像素边缘定位方法的研究

图像的边缘定位是图像测量的关键之一,随着测量精度要求的提高,已由早期的像素级边缘定位发展到了现在的亚像素级边缘定位。根据地球在地球敏感器CCD阵面中的成像特性,提出了一种基于曲线拟合的亚像素边缘定位方法以获取地球“灼热圆盘”的边缘。该方法利用曲线拟合获得的拟合斜率以及灰度值来提取图像的边缘。仿真结果表明,采用曲线拟合亚像素边缘定位法可使图像的边缘定位精度达到百分之几个像素,具有较高的精度。     

基于单反射模型的混合定位算法研究

针对现有定位算法抗非视距能力弱、且对移动台求解时往往需要一个比较精确初始解的问题,利用移动台和散射体的几何位置关系,基于单次反射圆模型提出了一种抑制非视距误差的波达时间/波达角混合定位算法。定位过程中将散射体视为虚拟基站,根据最大散射半径确定移动台的可能位置范围,在该范围内搜寻所有满足约束条件的位置点,对这些点使用加权平均处理方式以提高定位精度,最后结果即为移动台估计位置。计算机仿真表明了算法的有效性。。     

基于RFID和无人机的畜牧定位系统

针对牲畜放养情况下出现的易走丢,难以定位和统计问题,设计实现了基于RFID和无人机的畜牧定位系统。系统主要由数据采集、数据处理和终端显示三个功能模块组成。通过给每个牲畜绑定一个有源RFID标签,结合装配有RFID阅读器和手机的无人机进行自动巡航,实现把RFID数据和扫描到RFID时所对应的经纬度数据经手机进行预处理,再使用移动数据网络发送到数据服务器。服务器端对数据进行进一步分析和处理后,将牲畜位置数据和统计数据在养殖户手机终端显示,方便养殖户进行牲畜查看和管理。最后通过实地实验,对获取到的数据进行结果分析,显示牲畜定位误差在系统估计误差范围之内,具有较高准确性。对比原有的修筑围栏等方式,本系统具有成本较低、使用方便、可行性高的优点。     

基于形态学的人工标志中心亚像素定位方法研究

在使用圆形人工标志的计算机视觉检测中,标志的定位精度直接影响到检测的整体精度。以往的中心定位算法对人工标志的中心定位精度差、速度慢,已不能满足精密、快速的检测要求。在经典数学形态学的基础上提出采用改进的扩展形态学的方法提取圆形人工标志的边缘,通过最小二乘拟合方法计算人工标志中心。该方法具有精度高和速度快的优点。实验表明其定位精度在0.02~0.03像素之间,能够满足高精度计算机视觉检测的要求。     

基于高斯拟合的激光光斑中心定位算法

激光光斑中心定位是光学测量中的关键技术之一。通过对常用定位算法的分析,给出利用光斑图像中的不饱和点对光斑进行高斯拟合,并以拟合函数的幅值点作为光斑中心的方法。利用人工光斑对该算法进行验证,结果表明该算法误差远小于0.1 像素;利用一维高精度电动平移台、CCD相机、激光器等搭建测试系统,由计算机自动采集激光光斑图像并对其进行分析,实验结果表明该算法与理论分析结果的均方根误差仅为0.1 像素。     

基于Zernike矩的亚像素边缘定位算法

亚像素软件处理技术可以在一定程度上补偿图像测量系统由硬件限制引起的边缘定位精度,提出了一种基于Zernike矩的亚像素边缘定位算法。该算法利用Zernike多项式的正交性与完备性以及复数矩幅度的旋转不变性计算出边缘的亚像素位置。计算出了像素为正方形与矩形(长宽比为4∶3)时的矩模板,使其应用范围进一步扩大。分析了由于矩模板产生的原理偏差,并提出了修正公式,使定位精度得到提高。进一步推导出了实际边缘模型的定位公式,导出了其存在的偏差,并进行了补偿。最终的实验结果表明,补偿后的算法对直线的定位精度达0.05像素,对曲线的定位精度可达0.07像素。     

基于视觉的传感器位置记忆追踪方法

在采用某些特殊传感器测量参数时,需要在传感器移除后确定出原来的测量位置,比如采用穴位传感器测量出患者多个经络穴位的异常表现后,需要确定出异常穴位的实际位置,对其施加干预措施,缓解患者疼痛并改善身体状况.为此,研究了传感器的记忆追踪问题,提出了一种基于视觉的传感器位置记忆追踪方法,在传感器和被测对象上分别粘贴AprilT...     

基于Si-PM阵列的辐射作用位置定位方法研究

在辐射成像中准确估计射线与探测器相互作用的空间位置是保障成像质量的关键步骤。为进一步提升辐射作用事件的定位效果,有效抑制重心法在辐射事件作用位置靠近探测器边缘时造成的定位偏移,针对Si-PM阵列构成的位置灵敏探测系统建立了基于响应函数的定位算法。搭建了基于CsI阵列与Si-PM阵列构成的位置灵敏探测器和基于ASIC的电子学读出系统,使用等效电阻网络简化了Si-PM阵列的输出信号数量, 通过实验获得了辐射事件在Si-PM阵列上的响应函数。实验结果表明,在同一条件下使用响应函数法在最边缘像素散点的FWHM仅为使用重心法获得FWHM的46.2%,与中央像素散点的FWHM相当,基于响应函数的辐射事件方法定位效果明显优于传统重心法的定位效果,可有效克服重心法的边缘效应。     

A novel location estimation based on pattern matching algorithm in underwater environments

In this paper, we present a novel approach based on pattern recognition to treat the underwater localization. The goal is to achieve underwater localization by the pattern matching algorithm. It should be noted that the reflected signals in underwater environments do not affect our location estimation. Therefore, the underwater localization in this study is straightforward and efficient by using the pattern matching algorithm. We exploit the maximum likelihood (ML) to perform our study. Initially, the underwater signals are collected by the sound receiver at some sampling locations. These signals are suitably processed by the ML models and are stored in database. The test location in real-time is estimated through the database. Experimental results show that good accuracy of positioning can be obtained by proposed schemes. The proposed localization schemes can be applied to many other applications in underwater environments.     

基于形态学的不完全性骨折CT图像裂痕定位

针对不完全性骨折的CT图像损伤位置不易明确定位的问题,提出了一种基于数学形态学的裂痕定位算法。为了从CT图像中获得准确的骨质区域,在CIE Lab均匀色彩空间对原始图像进行双边滤波去噪,利用最大类间方差法计算出最佳阈值,从而分离出骨质区域,采用数学形态学中的黑帽运算结合Canny边缘检测算子对裂痕位置进行精确定位。实验结果表明,能够自动提取并定位不完全性骨折CT图像的裂痕区域。算法易于实现,具有较强的鲁棒性和实用性,方便了医学影像诊断。     

基于Sagnac光纤干涉仪的管道泄漏检测和定位技术

研制了一种基于Sagnac干涉仪的分布式光纤传感器,可实时进行管道泄漏检测与定位.阐述了该传感技术的工作原理和泄漏点定位方法,并推导了泄漏引起的光信号相位变化表达式。管道泄漏实验结果表明,水压为0.3MPa时,该技术能有效地检测到管道泄漏的发生并准确定位。     

基于邻域贡献权值细化的圆心亚像素定位算法

针对传统的圆心算法过程复杂、定位精度受初始边缘提取效果影响较大等问题,提出了一种基于邻域贡献权值细化的圆心亚像素定位算法。首先引入邻域贡献权值系数,改进传统非极大值抑制法,细化边缘;然后在边缘点的梯度方向对灰度值进行高斯拟合,确定亚像素边缘位置;最后针对边缘突变点提出了基于随机抽样一致的最小二乘法来拟合圆心。实验结果表明,该算法具有较好的精度和稳定性,圆心的提取精度可以达到0.1个像素。