镧钇对铍铜QBel.9合金性能的影响

研究了加入镧或钇和不加镧钇的ＱＢｅｌ．９合金性能差别。采用相同的加工工艺加工的含镧和钇和ＱＢｅｌ．９和不含镧和钇的ＱＢｅｌ．９合金的样品，然后观察和检测三种合金的质量和性能。     

La+Ce复合细化CuZnAl形状记忆合金

通过金相观察、拉伸和弯曲试验、电阻测量、电子探针和扫描电镜等方法，研究了Ｌａ＋Ｃｅ对ＣｕＺｎＡｌ形状记忆合金的微观结构和性能的影响。结果表明，复合添加微量稀土（Ｌａ：Ｃｅ＝１：１），能够明显细化ＣｕＺｎＡｌ形状记忆合金的晶粒组织，提高合金的综合机械性能，显著改善合金的冷加工性能。合金经过Ｌａ＋Ｃｅ复合细化后（〈０．１０％），仍具有良好的形状记忆效应，同时降低了马氏体相变温度滞后宽度，并使马氏体不易     

液态结构与Al-Fe-Ce合金短程有序的相关性

采用Ｘ射线衍射技术研究了Ａｌ＿０．９Ｆｅ＿０．１和Ａｌ＿０．９Ｆｅ＿０．０５Ｃｅ＿０．０５合金的液态结构及Ａｌ＿０．９Ｆｅ＿０．０５Ｃｅ＿０．０５合金的非晶结构,并采用ＤＳＣ热分析研究了非晶合金的晶化行为．发现液态和非晶态合金的结构因子曲线上都存在明显的预峰,所对应的化学短程有序结构随温度降低,尺寸不断增大,但其结构单元的尺寸保持不变．Ｃｅ的加入使液态合金中化学短程有序及其结构单元的尺寸增大,并有利于原子间交互作用增强,从而提高非晶形成能力．预峰所对应的化学短程有序结构单元是以Ｆｅ原子为中心的二十面体准晶结构,这种结构在液态已形成,并保留在非晶中．     

合金元素对HDDR工艺Nd—Fe—B合金粉显微组织和磁各向异性的影响

研究了Ｃｏ和Ｚｒ对ＮｄＦｅＢ合金ＨＤＤＲ粉显微组织和磁各向异性的影响。磁测量结果表明，Ｎｄ１３Ｆｅ８０．４Ｚｒ０．１Ｂ６．５基本上是磁各向同性的，而Ｎｄ１５Ｆｅ６６．９Ｃｏ１１Ｚｒ０．１Ｂ７合金粉末则具有较强的磁各向异性，显微组织观察发现，退火后ＮｄＦｅＢ合金中存在一些富Ｚｒ的新相，并且这些新相在ＨＤＤＲ处理过程中并不发生变化，而Ｃｏ在一定程度上抑制了这些新相的出现，不仅减小了该相的体积份数而且降低了其中的Ｚｒ含量。分析表明，对ＮｄＦｅＢ合金化学成分进行优化以保证硬磁相内溶有一定量的合金元素（例如Ｚｒ）是获得各向异性ＨＤＤＲ粉的关键所在。     

镧对ZL702合金高温性能的影响

研究了Ｌａ对ＺＬ７０２合金室温和高温力学性能的影响。Ｌａ与合金中的Ａ１,Ｓｉ,Ｆｅ等元素形成难熔的、分布于晶界的不连续网状金属间化合物,提高了合金的热稳定性。当Ｌａ的加入量为０．１０％～０．１５％（质量分数）时,可使合金获得较佳的综合力学性能。     

PMP法生长大块YBCO样品的成分对磁悬浮性能的影响

用ＰＭＰ生长方法制备ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７大尺寸块材，通过调整成分和工艺，制备出直径３．５ｃｍ，厚，０．９ｃｍ的圆片，利用表磁约０．３Ｔ的ＮｄＦｅＢ永磁体，能将１．３ｋｇ重的物体悬浮起１ｍｍ左右的高度，ＸＲＤ和ＳＥＭ观察表明，弥散的Ｙ２ＢａＣｕＯ５细小颗粒以及添加适量的银，对磁悬浮性能的提高有着重要作用。     

添加剂Ce^4＋对化学镀镍的影响

本文探讨了添加剂Ｃｅ＾４＋对化学镀镍过程的影响，结果表明，Ｃｅ＾４＋可降低Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金镀层在３％ＮａＣｌ溶液中的腐蚀电流，提高其耐蚀性，并发现热处理可使其抗 腐蚀性能进一步提高。但各合金镀层在０．１ｍｏｌ／ＨＣｌ中的耐腐蚀性由于Ｃｅ＾４＋的加入普遍下降。     

铈改善磷共晶形态的研究

在钝Ｆｅ－４．６％Ｃ合金中加入０．０２％～１．０％Ｐ,用差热分析、微观射线光谱分析的方法,研究磷共晶的形成过程;在Ｆｅ－Ｃ－Ｐ三元合金中加入铈,研究磷共晶形态的变化。结果表明,当冷却速度较低时,在加入０．０４％Ｐ的Ｆｅ－Ｃ合金中有三元磷共晶形成;加入铈后,磷共晶形成由不连续的或连续的网状变成团状或球状,分布在共晶团边界上。     

用钼酸盐和罗丹明B连续光度法测定铈和钪

聚乙烯醇存在下，铈或钪钼杂多酸与罗丹明Ｂ（ＲＢ）形成离子缔合物，最大吸收均位于５７０ｎｍ，摩尔吸光系数分别为１．１６×１０＾６和５．６２×１０＾５Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｃｍ＾－１，ｃｍ＾－１，０－１．２μｇ／２５ｍＬＣｅ和０－２．０μｇ／ｍＬＳｃ服从比耳定律，检测限１．５ｎｇ／ｍＬＣｅ（ｎ＝１０）和１．１ｎｇ／ｍＬＳｃ（ｎ＝９）。缔合物的摩尔比为Ｃｅ：ｍＯ：ＲＢ＝１：６：３和 Ｓｃ：Ｍｏ：ＲＢ＝１：１     

La,Ce,Nd和Pr对RE（NiCoMnTi）5贮氢合金电化学性能的作用机理

系统地研究了稀土（ＲＥ＝Ｌａ１－ｘ－ｙ－ｚＣｅｘＮｄｙＰｒｚ）对贮氢合金ＲＥ（ＮｉＣｏＭｎＴｉ）５电化学性能的影响。结果表明，Ｌａ、Ｃｅ、Ｎｄ和Ｐｒ比例对合金性能有显著影响，ＲＥ＝Ｌａ０．４Ｃｅ０．１Ｎｄ０．２Ｐｒ０．３时，对应合金具有最高放电容量，为２９０ｍＡｈ／ｇ，并有较好的循环寿命。从原子结构和性质角度分析了Ｌａ，Ｃｅ，Ｎｄ和Ｐｒ作用的机理。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。