钇对Fe-Cr-Al合金循环氧化行为的影响

用热重分析、扫描电镜及能谱分析等手段研究了合金中弥散分布的Ｙ、弥散分布的Ｙ２Ｏ３及离子注入Ｙ＾＋对Ｆｅ－２３Ｃｒ－５Ａｌ合金１１００℃循环氧化行为的影响,不含Ｙ的合金比１００ｈ循环氧化后氧化膜发生了开裂和剥落,露出合金基体;加入弥散的Ｙ或Ｙ２Ｏ３的合金经１００ｈ循环化后氧化膜平坦致密,不剥落,离子注入１＊１０＾１７Ｙ＾＋／ｃｍ＾２后合金氧化膜主要发生层间剥落。Ｙ提高Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－Ａｌ合金氧化膜粘附性     

镍-磷-锌盐纳米复合化学镀层抗腐蚀性能的研究

镍-磷-锌盐纳米复合化学镀层抗腐蚀性能的研究     

钇对AZ91镁合金微观组织及腐蚀性能影响的研究

通过金相分析、扫描电镜析及化学成分分析等测试手段,对添加不同含量Y的AZ91镁合金的微观组织和腐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明,加入Y后,合金中有稀土相Al4MgY生成,并显著细化了合金的微观组织,合金微观组织由典型的枝晶组织转变为细小的等轴晶组织,当Y含量达到1.52%时,合金组织的细化程度最大;Y的加入,减少了合金中的-βMg17Al12相,并使β相断续、弥散,同时合金的耐腐蚀性能提高,在3.5%NaCl水溶液腐蚀实验中,稀土含量为1.52%Y的合金耐腐蚀性能最好。     

Sol-Gel Coatings on Non-Oxide Planar Substrates and Fibers: A Protection Barrier Against Oxidation and Corrosion

Sol-gel coatings on non-oxide substrates can be used to prevent high temperature degradation and to improve wet corrosion resistance. Alumina coatings were investigated. The starting precursor was aluminium sec-butoxide, modified with chelating ligands such as 2,4-pentanedione or acrylic acid to prevent its precipitation in the presence of water. Stainless steel plates and Hi-Nicalon SiC fibers are often utilized in different kinds of applications and thus were selected as substrates. Thin films were deposited from the modified alkoxide solutions using dip-coating techniques. The parameters governing the process such as the aging of the sols, the viscosity, the withdrawal rate and the thermal treatment were investigated. The films were characterized (morphology, thickness) and showed an interesting behaviour as protection barrier in an aggressive medium.     

SEM-EDS and XPS Studies of the High Temperature Oxidation Behaviour of Inconel 718

 The oxidation in air under isothermal conditions of Inconel 718 has been investigated at 900 °C. We have studied the firsts stages of the high temperature oxidation mechanism. The oxidised samples were examined using a number of surface analytical techniques including XPS and SEM-EDS. The results have shown that minor alloying elements strongly influence the oxidation behaviour of the alloy: Previous studies had shown that the rate of the external oxide scale growth and the intergranular oxide penetration during oxidation of Inconel 718 at 900 °C in air are lower than those of Inconel X or Incoloy 800. We suggest that the formation of a quasi continuous scale of the intermetallic phase Ni₃Nb at the oxide-alloy interface could have an important contribution to the good oxidation resistance of Inconel 718.     

Investigation of Glass-Like Sol-Gel Coatings for Corrosion Protection of Stainless Steel Against Liquid and Gaseous Attack

Glass-like sol-gel coatings have been investigated as corrosion protective coatings on stainless steel. Magnesium- and borosilicate coatings with thickness of about 100–700 nm and methyl-modified SiO2 coatings with a thickness of about 2 m were deposited on stainless steel plates by dip-coating. The coatings were densified between 400°C and 500°C in different atmospheres (N2, air) for 1 h. The corrosion protection against gaseous attack was investigated by accelerated corrosion tests, at 800°C in air for 1 h. A corrosion protection factor was calculated from the relation Fe/Fe2O3, determined by XRD on the surface of coated and uncoated samples. Methyl-modified SiO2 coatings showed a protection factor, which was 2 orders of magnitude higher than for the other coatings. Electrochemical investigations were performed on samples submerged in a NaCl solution for 200 h. The corrosion propagation, polarization resistance and impedance vector were measured. For accelerated corrosion tests, polarization intensity curves were determined for high potentials of up to 1 V. Again excellent results were obtained for the methyl-modified SiO2 coatings, which remained passive for 200 h. Results of the salt spray corrosion test, however, showed no corrosion protection by the sol-gel coatings. After 2000 h in the salt spray chamber the steel was corroded and the coatings peeled off. It is concluded that for the further development of these coatings an improved interfacial passivation will be required.     

碳酸氢铵沉淀法制备氧化钇粉体时反应条件对产物粒度的影响

研究了碳酸氢铵沉淀法的反应条件对氧化钇粒度的影响,探讨了粒度变化规律。发现在沉淀反应中,晶型碳酸钇铵的形成与否是影响氧化钇粒度的关键因素。在较低的反应温度下,当碳酸氢铵和氯化钇的浓度大于0.25mol·L-1,摩尔比大于5,陈化时间大于60min时得到碳酸钇铵沉淀,经煅烧可获得粒度(D50)大于1μm的氧化钇。当反应物浓度较低、摩尔比小,陈化时间较短时得到无定型碳酸钇沉淀,煅烧沉淀可获得粒度(D50)小于0.5μm的氧化钇。实验证明选择适当的沉淀反应条件,可制备D50在0.3～10μm范围内的不同粒度级别的氧化钇粉体。     

铝化与白金铝化涂层对MAR-M247镍基超合金之抗热腐蚀性质影响研究

本文研究MAR-M247镍基超合金表面经铝化涂层或白金铝化涂层处理后,其热腐蚀效应对腐蚀速率与显微组织之影响,并藉试片质量增加量的变化评估抗热腐蚀的能力.铝化涂层之主要组成为-βN iA l相,而白金铝化涂层表面的主要组成为PtA l2相,利用盐喷覆法将Na2SO4被覆在试片表面,置于热处理炉中观测其热腐蚀性.实验得知,铝化涂层和白金铝化涂层均可明显抑制MAR-M247的热腐蚀,且后者之效果更明显,此两种涂层在910℃之Na2SO4环境中的抗蚀性均较MAR-M247合金为佳.     

邻二甲苯选择氧化V-Ti-O复合氧化物超细微粒催化剂

The structure and catalytic properties of V Ti O ultrafine particle catalyst for selective oxidation of o xylene have been studied. TEM and XRD results show that the particle size is in the range of 20～40 nm, and vanadium oxide is highly dispersed in TiO 2 (anatase). The catalytic activity of the V Ti O ultrafine particle catalyst for selective oxidation of o xylene to phthalic anhydride(PA) is higher than that of the larger oxide particles with the same catalyst composition prepared by impregnation and coprecipitation methods, indicating that the ultrafine V Ti O oxide particles are potentially new catalytic materials for the selective oxidation of o xylene to phthalic anhydride.     

Pt/C催化剂对甲酸电催化氧化的粒径效应

在甲醇溶剂中,利用SnCl2作为还原剂,通过控制反应条件制备了具有不同粒径Pt粒子的炭载Pt(Pt/C)催化剂.X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)的结果表明,Pt/C催化剂中Pt粒子具有高度的均一性和良好的分散度.电化学研究结果显示,对于甲酸的电催化氧化,Pt/C催化剂存在着明显的粒径效应.当Pt粒子粒径为3.2 nm时,Pt/C催化剂对甲酸的电催化氧化活性最佳.Pt/C催化剂对甲酸氧化的粒径效应与其表面含氧基团含量、Pt粒子的比表面积及相对结晶度相关.     

LY12铝合金表面稀土转化膜腐蚀行为的研究

通过金相观察和Ｘ射线射能谱分析研究了ＬＹ１２铝合金表面两种稀土转化膜的腐蚀行为,在ＮａＣｌ溶液中稀土转化膜的腐蚀以点腐蚀开始,点蚀处基体含Ｃｕ量高。根据Ｍａｎｓｆｅｌｄ点腐蚀模型等效电路提出了利用电化学阻抗谱研究稀土转化膜在ＮａＣｌ溶液中腐蚀程度的新方法,转化膜在ＮａＣｌ淀粉 中浸泡时间较短、腐蚀不太严重的情况下,等效电路中的Ｗａｒｂｕｒｇ阻抗Ｗ可以忽略,简化等效电路得出了计算转化膜表面点腐蚀百分     

(NaPO3)6对AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷层电化学腐蚀特性的影响

在Na2SiO3-KOH电解液体系中添加一定量的(NaPO3)6, 利用微弧氧化(MAO)技术在AZ91D 镁合金表面制备了原位生长的陶瓷层. 采用动电位极化和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术研究了添加(NaPO3)6前后, 制备的陶瓷层在3.5%(w) NaCl溶液中的室温电化学行为. 结果表明, 添加(NaPO3)6后, 陶瓷层的自腐蚀电位显著上升, 自腐蚀电流密度明显减小. 这主要是由于(NaPO3)6增加了反应过程中基体镁合金表面的“氧空位”和溶液中PO3-4的含量, 促使元素Mg在金属/膜层(M/F)界面上快速形成相应氧化物, 从而增加了陶瓷层的厚度和致密性. 根据电化学反应体系和陶瓷层的特殊结构, 建立了合理的等效电路, 并结合EIS 数据, 分析了添加(NaPO3)6提高陶瓷层耐电化学腐蚀性能的机理.     

Microreactor for the Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Methane

Fixed-bed reactors for the partial oxidation of methane to produce synthetic gas still pose hot-spot problems. An alternative reactor, which is known as the shell-and-tube-typed microreactor, has been developed to resolve these problems. The microreactor consists of a 1 cm outside-diameter, 0.8 cm inside-diameter and 11 cm length tube, and a 1.8 cm inside-diameter shell. The tube is made of dense alumina and the shell is made of quartz. Two different methods dip and spray coating were performed to line the tube side with the LaNixOy catalyst. Combustion and reforming reactions take place simultaneously in this reactor. Methane is oxidized in the tube side to produce flue gases (CO2 and H2O) which flow counter-currently and react with the remaining methane in the shell side to yield synthesis gas. The methane conversion using the higher-loading catalyst spray-coated tube reaches 97% at 700℃, whereas that using the lower-loading catalyst dip-coated tube reaches only 7.78% because of poor adhesion between the catalyst film and the alumina support. The turnover frequencies (TOFs) using the catalyst spray-and dip-coated tubes are 5.75×10-5 and 2.24×10-5 mol/gcat·s, respectively. The catalyst spray-coated at 900℃provides better performance than that at 1250℃because sintering reduces the surface-area. The hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio produced by the spray-coated catalyst is greater than the stoichiometric ratio, which is caused by carbon deposition through methane cracking or the Boudouard reaction.     

复合镀膜在陶瓷颗粒透射电镜分析中的应用

本文介绍了一种对陶瓷颗粒进行透射电镜分析的样品制备方法。采用复合电沉积方法,将陶瓷颗粒均匀分散包埋在金属铜镀层中,得到复合镀层薄膜,再通过电解双喷将薄膜减薄,获得透射电镜样品,从而可以对陶瓷颗粒进行透射电镜观察分析,讨论了获得此种复合镀层薄膜所需的电流密度、镀液pH值、搅拌措施和电镀时间。透射电镜观察分析的结果显示此方法效果良好。     

电沉积Fe-W-ZrO2纳米复合镀层的结构与腐蚀行为

采用复合电沉积工艺制备了Fe-W-ZrO₂纳米复合镀层. 分别用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、扫描电子显微镜附带能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、恒电位仪等技术较系统地研究了Fe-W-ZrO₂纳米复合镀层的表面形貌、成分、结构、硬度和耐蚀性. 结果表明, 复合镀层的质量组成为Fe 38.3%(w)、W52.7%(w)、ZrO₂ 9.0%(w) 时, 在ZrO₂纳米粒子的弥散强化作用下, Fe-W非晶合金镀层的裂纹状况得到明显改善, 而且复合镀层成分分布均匀, 组织致密, 结构呈现明显的非晶态特征；复合镀层比Fe-W合金有更高的显微硬度；30 ℃下, Fe-W-ZrO₂纳米复合镀层在3.5%(w)NaCl和0.5 mol·L^-1 H₂SO₄溶液中的耐蚀性较Fe-W非晶合金镀层明显提高.     

WBE联合EIS技术研究缺陷涂层下金属腐蚀

用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)结合丝束电极(WBE)技术研究了缺陷涂层浸泡在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的劣化过程.从浸泡开始到完好涂层鼓泡失效,缺陷涂层丝束电极阻抗响应一直是缺陷区电极腐蚀反应过程特征,而完好涂层的劣化过程和涂层下的腐蚀反应过程特征被"平均掉".根据电极表面的电流分布,结合阻抗谱技术实现了对表面任意局部阴极和阳极区阻抗测试.研究发现,浸泡开始时,缺陷涂层阴极电流和阳极电流均出现在缺陷区,随着腐蚀过程的发展,阳极电流仍然保持在缺陷区,但阴极电流逐渐向完好涂层下扩展.根据实验结果,对缺陷处和涂层下金属腐蚀反应发生发展的机理进行了深入讨论.     

钼酸铁超微粒子的制备及其选择性氧化正丁醇的研究

以Fe(NO3)3·9H2O和(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法于不同条件下制备Fe2(MoO4)3超微粒子催化剂,并研究了这些催化剂对正丁醇选择性氧化制备正丁醛的催化性能,从而找出Fe2(MoO4)3超微粒子催化剂选择性氧化正丁醇的最佳实验条件。结果表明,制备Fe2(MoO4)3超微粒子的适宜条件为:溶液初始pH=1.0,以EDTA为螯合剂,EDTA/(铁+钼)摩尔比为0.4时制得的催化剂对正丁醇的选择性氧化性能最好,此时正丁醛的产率可达39.3%。     

在冷轧钢板表面制备二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸-锌化学转化膜及其腐蚀防护性能的研究

本文通过调节二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸酯（DTPMPA）与Zn²⁺浓度以及溶液的pH值,将冷轧钢板浸泡于含有DTPMPA和Zn²⁺的混合溶液中即可在基体表面形成颜色均匀且具优异腐蚀防护性能的DTPMPA-Zn²⁺化学转化膜. 使用 SEM 和 EDS 研究了DTPMPA-Zn²⁺转化膜的表面形貌和元素组成,利用FTIR和XPS光谱方法探究了化学转化膜的表面官能团、化学组分及官能团与基底的结合方式,进而通过电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和极化曲线方法探究了DTPMPA浓度及成膜溶液pH值对化学转化膜的耐蚀性能的影响. 研究发现,DTPMPA与Zn²⁺共存时,二者发生螯合反应,并以Zn²⁺为交联剂通过多层组装在冷轧钢基体表面形成外观为蓝色的、厚度较为均匀的DTPMPA-Zn²⁺螯合物薄膜. 当成膜溶液的 pH=3.0、DTPMPA浓度为0.2%（除特别指出外,全文浓度均为质量百分数）、Zn²⁺浓度为0.044%时,化学转化膜展现出最优异的防腐性能,对基体的腐蚀保护效率可达91.6%.     

硫和钇在含钇Ni3Al基IC6合金高温氧化过程中的界面行为

利用电子探针的元素线扫描技术,研究了添加钇后的ＩＣ６合金中钇和硫在１１００℃氧化时的界面行为,发现加钇后,由于在金属熔体中能脱硫同时形成的富钇相也能在高温氧化过程中作为硫的陷阱,减少了硫在氧化物基体界面上的扩散偏聚,提高了氧化物／基体之间的结合力,使得所形成的氧化物不易剥落,从而提高合金的高温氧化能力。钇提高ＩＣ６合金高温抗氧化能力的另一个原因是,钇能扩散到所形成的氧化物的晶界,提高氧化物的晶 界     

物理蒸镀Ni-Al镀膜与高速融射MCrAlY涂层之抗热循环氧化性比较

本研究乃以阴极电弧放电离子被覆技术在Inconel 6 0 0超合金上被覆Ni_Al镀层 ,与目前常用的高速融射CoCrAlY涂层同时进行 1 1 0 0℃高温循环氧化试验 ,比较二者的抗高温循环氧化性 .研究结果显示 :使用Ni52 Al4 8,Ni6 0 Al4 0 及Ni70 Al30 3种靶材分别得到富铝成份的Ni35Al6 5,Ni4 0 _Al6 0 以及Ni53Al4 7的镀膜 .在 1 1 0 0℃热循环氧化测试下 ,由于富铝的Ni_Al镀膜表面能快速生成Al2 O3层以阻止内部持续氧化 ,因而有较CoCrAlY涂层为低的氧化重量增加率