Stereoselective synthesis of optically active mono and diaminoalcohols

Several optically active mono and diaminopolyols have been synthesized starting from the octadienedioate 1, by regio- and stereo selective azidation of the corresponding alcohol by Mitsunobu/S_N2 substitution.     

Enantioselective synthesis of diversely substituted quaternary 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones and 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-diones

Benzodiazepines are privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry, but enantiopure examples containing quaternary stereogenic centers are extremely rare. We demonstrate that installation of the di(p-anisyl)methyl (DAM) group at N1 of 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones and 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-diones derived from enantiopure proteinogenic amino acids allows retentive replacement of the C3-proton via a deprotonation/trapping protocol. A wide variety of carbon and nitrogen electrophiles function well in this reaction, providing the corresponding quaternary benzodiazepines with excellent enantioselectivity. Deprotonation/trapping experiments on a pair of diastereomeric 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-diones provide evidence for a key role of conformational chirality in these enantioselective reactions. Acidic removal of the DAM group is fast and high-yielding and can be performed selectively in the presence of a N-Boc indole. Thus the synthesis of quaternary benzodiazepines with diverse N1 functionality can now be accomplished.     

Convenient synthesis of optically active iron acyls

The synthesis of iron acyls derived from CP(CO)₂FeNa which incorporate optically active α amino acids is described.     

Interfacial synthesis and properties of L-lysine-derived optically active poly(ester-imide)s

L-Lysine hydrochloride was transformed to ethyl L-lysine dihydrochloride.This salt was reacted with trimellitic anhydride to yield the corresponding diacid（1）.Intertacial polycondensation results novel poly（ester-imide）s(PEI_a-i).These polymers have inherent viscosities in the range of 0.23-0.47 dl g^-1,display optical activity,and are readily soluble in polar aprotic solvents.They start to decompose(T_10%) above 350℃and display glass-transition temperatures at 100.42-172.81℃.All of the above polymers were fully characterized by UV,FT-IR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy,elemental analysis,TGA,DSC,inherent viscosity measurement and specific rotation.     

Solid-phase synthesis of 4-methylcarboxy-1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-diones

A solid-phase synthesis of 1,4-benzodiazepinone-2,5-diones is described. This new route can afford benzodiazepinone bearing a N-urethane-protected amine and a carboxylic acid function. This kind of building block is valuable as a dipeptide mimic or beta-turn mimetic, and it can be introduced in place of any amino acid in peptide synthesis. Using an "analytical probe" strategy, we optimized the synthesis of a model compound on SynPhase Lanterns. Therefore, the efficiency of several linkers was investigated.     

Solid-phase synthesis of 7-acylamino-1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-diones

A method for the synthesis of polymer-bound 7-acylamino-benzodiazepine-2,5-diones is described. The amino group of an alpha-amino acid is linked to polystyrene or TentaGel resin via reductive amination of polymer-bound 4-alkoxy-2,6-dimethoxybenzaldehyde. Acylation with unprotected 5-nitroanthranilic acid is followed by base-catalyzed ring closure. Reduction of the nitro group yields enantiomerically pure 7-aminobenzodiazepin-2,5-dione attached via the N-4 atom to the resin. Acylation of the amino group on the aromatic ring with acid chlorides in N-methylpyrrolidone (no DMF, no base!) followed by cleavage from the resin using TFA/Me(2)S/water (90:5:5) provides the acylated benzodiazepinones in 52-69% (PS resin) and 41-48% (TG resin) yield (based on the theoretical loading) and >70% purity (HPLC, 210 nm). Using Fmoc-protected tyrosine fluoride in NMP gives the amino acid-coupled benzodiazepinones in 24% (PS resin) and 31% (TG resin) yield.     

Eco-friendly fast synthesis and thermal degradation of optically active polyamides under microwave accelerating conditions

<正>An optically active bulky aromatic diacid chiral monomer,(2S)-4-[(4-methyl-2-phthalimidylpentanoyl-amino) benzoylamino]isophthalic acid(1),containing a rigid phthalimide and flexible L-leucine pendent group was synthesized in five steps.A fast and clean method for direct polyamidation reaction of monomer 1 with various aromatic diamines under microwave irradiation and conventional heating was performed.The polymerization reactions provided optically active polyamides with high yields and inherent viscosities in the range of 0.36-0.74 dL/g.Their thermal properties were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry.TGA thermograms show that the polymers are thermally stable,10%weight loss temperatures are in excess of 385℃,and char yields at 800℃are higher than 56%.The data obtained from TGA were used to study the kinetics of thermal decomposition of the resulting polymers. The interpretation of kinetic parameters(E,ΔH,ΔS andΔG) of thermal decomposition stages was evaluated using Coats and Redfern equation.     

A novel method for asymmetric synthesis of both enantiomers of α-substituted carboxylic acid derivatives from optically active 1-chlorovinyl p-tolyl sulfoxides and lithium ester enolates with 1,4-chiral induction from the sulfur chiral center

Treatment of optically active 1-chlorovinyl p-tolyl sulfoxides, which were synthesized from symmetrical ketones and (R)-(−)-chloromethyl p-tolyl sulfoxide in three steps, with lithium enolate of carboxylic acid tert-butyl esters gave optically active adducts having a substituent at the α-position with high 1,4-chiral induction from the sulfur chiral center in high yields. The adducts were converted to optically active esters and carboxylic acids having a chiral center at the α-position. When this addition reaction was carried out with the ester enolate generated from excess carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester with LDA in the presence of HMPA, the diastereomer of the adduct was obtained. By using the two reaction conditions for the generation of the ester enolates, a new method for asymmetric synthesis of both enantiomers of carboxylic acid derivatives having a substituent at the α-position from the one chiral source, (R)-(−)-chloromethyl p-tolyl sulfoxide, was realized.     

Facile synthesis of 1,4-benzodiazepin-3-ones from o-bromobenzylamines and amino acids via a cascade coupling/condensation process

CuI-catalyzed coupling of 2-bromobenzylamines and α-amino acids and subsequent condensative cyclization (directly or mediated with DPPA) provides 1,4-benzodiazepin-3-ones in moderate yields. Using l-proline and l-valine as the starting materials enantiopure products are obtained although partial racemization occurs for other amino acids.     

Synthesis of optically active fluoroadamantane derivative having different substituents on its tert-carbons and its use as a non-racemizable source for new optically active adamantane derivatives

Enantiomerically pure methyl 3-fluoro-5-methyladamantane-1-carboxylate was obtained by the separation of its racemate, which was prepared from methyladamantane-1-carboxylate in three steps in 86% overall yield. From the resulting pure enantiomers, a new optically active adamantane compound was prepared by the substitution of a fluorine atom with a phenyl group. Both enantiomers of 3-amino-5-methyladamantane-1-carbooxylic acid were also prepared.     

A practical synthesis of optically active aromatic epoxides via asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of α-chlorinated ketones with chiral rhodium-diamine catalyst

A practical method for the synthesis of optically active aromatic epoxides has been developed via the formation of optically active α-chlorinated alcohols and intramolecular etherification. Optically active alcohols with up to 99% ee can be obtained from the asymmetric reduction of aromatic ketones with a substrate/catalyst ratio of 1000-5000 using a formic acid/triethylamine mixture containing a well-defined chiral Rh complex, Cp*RhCl[(R,R)-Tsdpen]. The asymmetric reduction of α-chlorinated aromatic ketones with a chiral Rh catalyst is characterized by a rapid and carbonyl group-selective transformation because of the coordinatively saturated nature of diamine-based Cp*Rh(III) hydride complexes. The outcome of the reduction is significantly influenced by the structures of the ketonic substrates as well as the hydrogen source such as formic acid or 2-propanol. Commercially available reagents and solvents can be used in this reaction without special purification. This epoxide synthetic process in either a one- or two-pot procedure is practical and particularly useful for the large-scale production of optically active styrene oxides from α-chlorinated ketones.     

New optically active organotin compounds for heterogeneous bimetallic catalysis

Chiral tin(IV) derivatives with two or three chiral centers adjacent to the metal (−)-Ment₂SnMe₂, (−)-Ment₂SnPh₂, (−)-Ment₃ SnCl, (−)-Ment₃SnH; (−)-Ment = (1R, 2S, 5R)-1-chloro-5-methyl-2-isopropylcyclohexane, R₂Sn[CH(Me)(n-Hex)]₂ (R = Bu or Ph) have been prepared either by the coupling of methylmagnesium chloride with tin halides or by the reaction of lithium stannates with optically active (2-octyl)tosylate. The stereospecificity of both processes was remarkably high, leading to new optically pure organotin reagents which have been fully characterized.     

光学活性姜黄烯化合物的立体选择性合成

本文报道了在手性膦过渡金属配合物催化下,以对溴甲苯与6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-溴化镁(5)经不对称交叉偶联反应合成(R)-(-)-和(S)-(+_)-α-姜黄烯的方法,光学收率分别为44%e.e和50.3%e.e.(R)-(-)-α-姜黄烯经Birch还原得到(R)-(-)-β-姜黄烯.对溴苯甲醚经不对称交叉偶联、Birch还原等反应合成了(S)-(+)-γ-姜黄烯.     

A simple and efficient procedure for the synthesis of optically active s-triazolothiadiazole derivatives

A series of novel s-triazolothiadiazoles 3a-h were prepared by condensation reaction of substituted amino triazoles la-b with N-phethaloyl-L-amino acids 2a-d in the presence of the phosphoroxy chloride（POCl₃） as an anhydrous reagent.The structure of all synthesized compounds was confirmed by IR,¹H NMR,and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.     

Oxazepines and thiazepines. XIX Synthesis of optically active 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-ones

Optically active 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-ones (14–17) have been synthesizedvia resolution and chemical transformation of nitrocarboxylic acids6–9. Starting from the latter various optically active substances have been synthesized as well. Optical purity was checked by NMR spectroscopy.Dedicated to Prof. Dr.G. Snatzke on the occasion of his 60th birthday.     

Isolation, absolute configuration, and chiral crystallization of optically active seleninic acid

An optically pure seleninic acid was isolated as stable crystals for the first time by chiral crystallization. The relationship between the absolute configurations and the circular dichroism spectra of the enantiomers could be determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis.     

Specific thermoresponsive behaviours exhibited by optically active and inactive phenylalanine modified hyperbranched polyethylenimines in water

Optically active and inactive hyperbranched polymers with specific thermoresponsive behaviours in water were reported.Through two steps hyperbranched polyethylenimine (HPEI) polymers terminated with different amount of D-phenylalanine (D-Phe),L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) or DL-phenylalanine (DL-Phe) were prepared and characterized.The analyses on the solution properties by turbidimetry,dynamic light scattering,fluorescence probe and 1H-NMR demonstrated that all the polymers exhibited specific thermoresponsive behaviours in water,including:(1) In the dilute polymer concentration region,increasing the polymer concentration led to the increase of phase transition temperature;(2) The optically inactive thermoresponsive hyperbranched polymers showed a higher cloud-point temperature (Tcp) than their corresponding optically active ones in a relatively higher polymer concentration;(3) At the same polymer concentration the hydrophobic groups of the optically inactive HPEI-DL-Phe formed more perfect hydrophobic domain than those of the optically active HPEI-L-Phe and HPEI-D-Phe.     

光学活性化合物的工业合成

本文介绍了光学活性化合物研究现状及发展趋势。并从技术和经济角度论述了工业合成光学活性化合物的可能性     

Microwave-assisted rapid synthesis of novel optically active poly(amide-imide)s containing hydantoins and thiohydantoins in main chain

Rapid and highly efficient synthesis of novel optically active poly(amide-imide)s (PAIs) 6(a-f) was achieved using microwave irradiation. These were made from the polycondensation reactions of 4,4^′-carbonyl-bis(phthaloyl-l-alanine) diacid chloride [N,N^′-(4,4^′-carbonyldiphthaloyl)] bisalanine diacid chloride 5 with six different derivatives of hydantoin and thiohydantoin compounds 4(a-f) in the presence of a small amount of a nonpolar organic medium that acts as a primary microwave absorber. Hydantoin and thiohydantoin derivatives 4(a-e) were synthesis from the reactions between benzil or benzil derivatives 3(a-e) with urea and thiourea. 5,5-Dimethylhydantoin 4f was synthesis from the reactions between acetone cyanohydrin 3f and ammonium carbonate. The polycondensation proceeded rapidly, and was completed within 10 min giving a series of PAIs with an inherent viscosity about 0.25-0.45 dL/g. The resulting PAIs 6(a-f) were obtained in a high yield and were optically active and thermally stable. All of the above compounds were fully characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analyses, inherent viscosity (η_inh), solubility tests and specific rotation. Thermal properties of the PAIs 6(a-f) were investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis.     

光学活性氰醇的合成研究进展

光学活性氰醇是合成大量医药、农药产品的重要中间体。本文介绍了通过生物或化学催化剂进行外消旋底物的拆分或前手性底物的不对称化来制备光学活性氰醇的方法,重点讨论了有较大发展前景的有机溶剂中脂肪酶催化氰醇酯的动力学拆分的方法。