立体摄影术与数字散斑相关方法相结合用于研究三维变形场

采用立体摄影术与数字图像相关技术相结合的方法测量了三维位移场。首先利用两个CCD摄像机在空间两个不同位置拍摄物体表面在变形前后同一个区域之间的散斑图像;然后利用数字散斑相关技术求解这四幅散斑图像之间的相对位移;最后利用立体摄影的几何转换公式来确定物体表面的三维变形场。给出了该立体摄影测试系统的标定结果以及编织复合材料试件的三维变形测量结果。     

Signal-to-noise ratio evaluation of a CCD camera

A fast signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) digital test method for a CCD camera is presented in this study. The proposed method employs the conventionally used differential operations of two sequential images to determine the noise. However, the technique focuses on two features to improve the SNR evaluation: the noise is separated from the differential image by a specially designed digital high-pass filter that does not affect the noise intensity; and the additional quantization noise introduced into the digital image by the frame grabber is corrected for in the final calculation. The method can produce an objective measurement that offers high repeatability. The results obtained are consistent with those produced by industry standard instruments.     

基于联合变换相关的机载航空相机像移测量

为了提高像移测量精度,针对机载航空摆扫相机提出一种坐标变换法和图像相关法相结合的像移测量方法。利用坐标变换法得到初始像移速度,利用图像联合变换相关法对像移速度残差进行补偿。联合图像通过一个面阵CCD获得,该面阵CCD放置在相机焦平面上并与成像线阵TDI CCD平行,其输出的当前图像与参考图像合并构成联合图像进行二维空间联合变换相关运算,得到像移修正矢量。对该矢量分别在相机摆扫方向和载机飞行方向进行分解,从而得到摆扫像移和前向像移的修正量。仿真实验结果表明,在输入图像信噪比为4 dB时,像移测量误差在0.1 pixel以内。     

Precise perimeter measurement for 3D object with a binocular stereo vision measurement system

A novel measurement scheme for a three dimensional (3D) object's surface boundary perimeter is proposed. This scheme consists of three steps. First, a binocular stereo vision measurement system with two CCD cameras is devised to obtain the two images of a detected object's 3D surface boundary. Second, two B-spline active contours are applied to converge to the object's contour edges accurately in the two CCD images to perform the stereo matching. Finally, for the reconstructed 3D active contour, its true contour length is computed as the detected object's true boundary perimeter. An experiment on a bent surface's perimeter measurement indicates that this scheme's measurement repetition error decreases to 0.6%.     

齿形链板的图像测量

针对齿形链链板的几何参数及圆度提出了一种基于CCD图像的测量方法。在一个系统中实现了尺寸和形状的非接触测量。首先对CCD采集的齿形链链板进行降噪处理,然后用二值化方法分割图像,最后提取图像边缘。在测量尺寸时,使用自编程序计算测量链板的孔径、两直边的夹角、节距,并用最小二乘圆法对圆度误差进行了评定。节距、两直边夹角和圆度误差分别为0.007mm,0.473°和8.4μm,分析了测量误差的原因。实验表明,用该方法对齿形链链板的几何尺寸测量和圆度误差评定是可行的。     

Dynamic 3-D shape measurement method based on FTP

In this paper, we propose a method for dynamic three-dimensional (3-D) shape measurement based on Fourier transform profilometry. A sequence of dynamic deformed fringe images can be grabbed by a CCD camera and saved on a disk rapidly. By a Fourier transform, filtering and inverse Fourier transform, a sequence of phase-maps can be obtained. By unwrapping these phase maps in 3-D phase space, we can obtain the shape of the dynamic object at different times. In this paper we also propose the algorithm of a phase difference between two deformed fringes, and the 3-D phase unwrapping method based on the phase difference algorithm. The computer simulation and experiment results show that this method can efficiently deal with the dynamic 3-D shape measurement.     

水洞流场PIV显示与分析系统离轴测试校正

粒子图像测速技术(PIV)通过测量被测流场截面上每一位置点的速度,获得整个被测流场的信息.在PIV一般应用中所使用的照明激光片光与成像CCD装置的拍摄方向是垂直的,在某些应用场合受测试条件的限制,需要采用离轴方式进行测量,此时CCD成像方向与照明的激光片光不垂直,而是有一定夹角.离轴测试方式将对PIV系统的光学成像系统、示踪粒子选择和粒子图像处理带来影响.实验采用Scheimpflug离轴聚焦的方法对表面镀银高反射率的示踪粒子进行成像,通过调整成像透镜与CCD像面的夹角可获得清晰的粒子成像,并利用网格校正板和软件计算处理等方法有效校正了由于离轴测试带来的影响.     

基于图像处理的钢坯侧面形状检测系统

基于机器视觉的钢坯侧面形状检测系统是由面阵CCD、激光发射器、激光接收器以及工控计算机等组成。通过面阵CCD拍摄到钢坯侧面图像,经过工业控制计算机进行数字图像处理分析和计算,提取钢坯侧面边缘高度和厚度,进而通过专用软件分析出钢坯头部和尾部的形状信息,从而有效地对入口钢坯翘头扣尾的异常状态发出报警信号。将异常信号传送给外围控制系统,以实现对钢坯的控制。     

油管位置光电检测技术的研究

本文提出了一种测量汽车油管位置的方法。该方法采用平行光投影的光学系统，以高分辨率面阵CCD成像，通过数字信号处理(DSP)系统进行图像采集与处理，处理速度快，可以实现实时处理。在图像处理中，采用合适的边缘检测方法，提高了测量精度。数据处理中采用了最小二乘法拟合曲线，可以精确的拟合出油管像的曲线。与理论曲线相比较，就可以有效地测量油管的位置。     

Straightness Measurement Using Laser Diode and CCD Camera

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多程放大器光束空间分布的优化设计

This paper focuses on measuring straightness of large-scale dimension by using laser diode fiber alignment, diffraction imaging technique and a CCD camera. In this method, we use a laser diode fiber alignment beam as the datum reference of straightness, deviation of the measured from this datum, can be detected by a CCD camera directly. Also a novel image processing algorithm is presented. The experiment result shows that the measurement range of L (m), the measurement accuracy of the system is 3+2.3×10-6L(\mm).     

基于线阵CCD像素数提取的高速运动目标形变测量方法研究

针对传统光学成像测量方法对高速运动目标成像帧频低、像质模糊,难以满足对目标形变高精度测量的缺点,提出一种基于线阵CCD像素数提取的高速运动目标形变测量方法。该方法利用线阵CCD高分辨率、高帧频等优势,通过提取线阵CCD输出目标强度——像素曲线斜率变化率最大点来获取目标所占像素数N的像素数提取方法,同时采用DMD模拟高速运动目标形变过程,配合基于线阵CCD像素数提取的高速运动目标形变测量方法进行形变测量实验验证。实验结果显示采用该方法对V=450 km/h的高速运动目标进行形变量测量时,可以满足目标形变测量偏差小于0.3 mm,标准差小于0.5 mm,相对误差最低0.01%。实现了高速运动目标形变量的准确测量,为高速磨损测试、高温形变测试、高压形态测试等奠定了基础。     

基于空间二进制编码的3 D形貌测量方法

介绍了一种基于空间二进制编码的非接触３ Ｄ 形貌测量方法。它用一台ＬＣＤ 投影仪对被测物体表面进行空间编码,再用一台ＣＣＤ 摄像机获取物体编码信息,最后用三角法原理从摄像机图像中获取三维形貌数据。提出了基于三角法的空间二进制码的重要特性,描述了高效编码的构造方法。用这个构造方法构造出一个完全数字化的７ 位字长的二进制编码。基于这种编码的３ Ｄ 形貌测量方法在被测物体表面非常不连续和非构造的环境下取得了良好的测量结果。     

3D shape reconstruction from synthetic images captured by a rotating periscope system with a single focal direction

A three-dimensional shape measurement system with only one camera and a rotating periscope is proposed. Many images are captured at every few degrees of periscope rotation. The distance along the optical axis of the camera from the focal point of the camera system to a certain point along the object surface is inversely proportional to the parallax. In this system, a circular streak is obtained by tracing a point on each image using the cross-correlation along the direction of periscope shift. The parallax can be calculated from the radius of the streak. Applying this method to shape measurement of the human face from synthetic images, the images were well reconstructed and the proposed system may be adaptable to a portable 3D shape acquisition system.     

A study on the 3-D measurement by using digital projection moiré method

Moiré topography method is a well-known non-contacting 3-D measurement method. Recently, the automatic 3-D measurement technique by moiré topography has been developed in order to apply to the engineering and medical fields. The projection moiré topography is very attractive because of its high measuring speed and high sensitivity. In this paper, using the two-wavelength methods of projection moiré topography was investigated to measure the 3-D shape of an object with 2π-ambiguity problems. Rapid measurement can be accomplished by the synchronization between CCD camera and projector. The experimental results prove that the proposed scheme is capable of finding absolute fringe orders, so that the 2π-ambiguity problems can be effectively overcome so as to treat large step discontinuities in measured objects.     

A fast onboard star-extraction algorithm optimized for the SVOM Visible Telescope

The Space multi-band Variable Object Monitor (SVOM) is a proposed Chinese astronomical satellite, dedicated to the detection, localization and measurement of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) on a cosmological scale. An efficient algorithm is developed for the purpose of onboard star extraction from the CCD images obtained with the Visible Telescope (VT) onboard the SVOM. The CCD pixel coordinates of the reference stars will be used to refine the astronomical position of the satellite, which will facilitate triggering rapid ground-based follow-up observations of the GRBs. In this algorithm, the image is divided into a number of grid cells and the “global” pixel-value maximum within each cell is taken as the first-guess position of a “bright” star. The correct center position of a star is then computed using a simple iterative method. Applying two additional strategies, i.e., scanning the image only by even (or odd) lines or in a black-white chess board mode, we propose to further reduce the time to extract the stars. To examine the efficiency of the above algorithms, we applied them to the experimental images obtained with a ground-based telescope. We find that the accuracy of the astronomical positioning achieved by our method is comparable to that derived by using the conventional star-extraction method, while the former needs about 25 times less CPU time than the latter. This will significantly improve the performance of the SVOM VT mission.     

基于条纹反射的类镜面三维面形测量方法

提出了一种基于条纹反射和相移技术的类镜面三维面形测量的新方法。首先在平板显示器上显示正弦条纹,然后用CCD相机分别记录由待测面和标准面反射的正弦条纹像,通过相移得到各自的相位分布,与标准面相位分布相比较得到待测表面起伏引起的相位变化。推导了相位变化量与待测表面梯度的对应关系,分别对待测面进行水平和垂直两个方向光栅相位测量,通过计算可得到梯度分布并由梯度分布恢复待测表面面形。同时初步分析了影响条纹反射技术测量精度的因素。测量中,光栅由计算机产生,可以实现精确的相移,而且可以方便地调节光栅的周期及方向,通过预设标记点来引导相位展开有效地解决待测面和标准面的条纹对应问题。实测了建筑用釉面瓷砖表面起伏,验证了该方法的可行性。     

提高CCD在激光三角测距中分辨率的方法

激光三角测距系统的精度主要取决于光斑象在探测器上的定位，用ＣＣＤ摄象机作为探测器时，光斑象的定位精度又取决于ＣＣＤ摄象机的分辨率。通常用光斑的采样灰度质心作为象点的准确位置可将ＣＣＤ的分辨率提高到亚象元级，但这种方法存在其固的的局限，边缘灰度跳变与高频干扰噪音影响。     

基于光学相关的空间相机像移测量方法研究

为了测量由卫星姿态不稳定或振动等原因引起的空间相机的亚像元像移,使用了光学联合变换相关的方法对安装在相机焦面上的辅助面阵CCD采集到的相邻两帧图像进行相关运算.给出了使用该方法测量像移的原理,提出对联合变换相关器的输入面采用拉普拉斯卷积核进行边缘锐化,对功率谱相减并以0值进行二值化的处理方法提高像移测量准确度,并使用该方法对不同信噪比下的不同景物进行了像移测量仿真.结果表明:对于信噪比SNR=1的输入图像,当像移范围在 0~55个像元内时,该方法的像移测量误差小于0.2个像元.