基于Matlab的等效电子耦合原子态的矩阵计算

用专门处理矩阵的Matlab语言编程,用矩阵的思想给出了计算等效电子LS耦合原子态的计算方法.具体计算了h10电子组态的耦合原子态.     

多个未满l次壳层等效电子LS耦合原子态的多重谱项

给出用Matlab编程计算多个未满l次壳层的等效电子LS耦合原子态的矩阵计算方法,具体计算了4f75d电子组态LS耦合原子态的多重谱项的重数.     

基于C语言的等效电子耦合原子态的编程计算

详述了用turboc2.0编程计算等效电子LS耦合原子态的方法,并给出了计算nf5电子组态的LS耦合原子态的具体程序.     

同科电子L－S耦合原子态的确定

给出一种确定同科电子Ｌ－Ｓ耦合原子态的简便方法，同时指出如果两个同科电子组态的电子数之和等于该支壳层上的电子数，那么这两个同科电子组态具有相同的原子态．     

同科电子L—S耦合原子态的确定

给出一种确定同科电子Ｌ－Ｓ耦合原子态的简便方法，同时指出如果两个同科电子组态的电子数之和等于该支壳层上的电子数，那么这两个同科电子组态具有相同的原子态。     

同科电子j-j耦合形成的原子态

本文介绍一种较简便的计算同科电ｊ－ｊ耦合形成的原子态的方法．从计算结果看出，同一个同科电子组态，无论是Ｌ－Ｓ耦合还是ｊ－ｊ耦合，它们形成的原子态数相同，而且表征原子状态的总角动量量子数Ｊ的值也相同．     

多个未满l次壳层等效电子的耦合原子态的计算

给出用专门处理二维关系表格的FoxPro编程计算多个未满／次壳层的等效电子LS耦合原子态的计算方法,具体计算了4f^75d电子组态的LS耦合原子态．     

应用"Maple"数学软件来推求同科电子光谱项

推求光谱项对于研究原子的结构和光谱十分重要.怎样确定复杂的多电子原子体系的光谱项是原子物理学研究的重要内容之一.受泡利原理的限制,含有多个同科电子的原子电子组态的光谱项的推求一直是原子物理学,结构化学等学科研究的难点,人工方法推求其谱项困难很大.本文根据同科电子在L-S耦合下量子数取值的组合特点,推出了总轨道磁量子数为ML时出现次数的计算公式,结合Maple数学软件,给出了一种推求同科电子光谱项的新方法.根据该公式,使用Maple数学软件,能快速、准确的求得同科电子在L-S耦合下的光谱项.文中我们举例应用该方法,具体推求了同科电子体系d3,f7电子组态在L-S耦合下的光谱项,所得结果与文献给出的一致.     

L-S耦合中原子基态诸量子数的计算

由原子基态的电子组态所形成的可能状态中,能级最低的为原子的基态.在LS耦合中,利用原子中电子的壳层分布,应用洪特定则,可以推导出几个公式计算各种原子基态的总轨道角动量量子数L、总自旋角动量量子数S和总角动量量子数J.一、原子基态(L,S,J)的计算 大多数元素的原子中只有一个次壳层未被电子占满,计算时只需计及这一个次壳层中的电子,其他已占满的次壳层无需考虑.下面先讨论这种情形. 根据洪特定则,由同一电子组态所形成的原子状态中,S最大的态能级最低;具有相同S的态中,L最大的态能级最低.所以,由原子基态电子组态所形成的状态中,S…     

铅原子6p7s—6p^2多重态谱线

原子内部各种相互作用决定原子能级,能级结构决定其原子光谱。本文以铅原子6p7s—6p~2跃迁所辐射的多重态谱线为例,计算各能级,分析电、磁性作用强弱。原理铅原子Z=82,基态电子组态[Xe]4f~(14)5d~(10)6s~26p~2,简记6p~2,基本属于LS耦合类型,该电子组态耦合各支能级(谱项),近似地遵循。     

A generic procedure for determining atomic LS spectral terms and their LS eigenfunctions

This paper develops a Fortran code which is capable to construct the simplest LS eigenfunctions for desired symmetry and determine all permitted atomic LS spectral terms under a given orbital occupancy by implementing and extending the Schaefer and Harris method. Examples (in some cases the most complete set to date) of multiple spectroscopic terms of LS coupling of atomic states for both non-equivalent and equivalent electronic configurations are given. It also corrects a few observed errors from the recent literature.     

等效电子耦合原子态的二维关系表格计算

用专门处理二维关系的FoxPro编程给出计算等效电子LS耦合原子态的计算方法并作出简化,具体计算了f7电于组态的LS耦合原子态。     

First principles studies of the dependence of magnetism on the crystal phase in 4d and 5d late transition metals

We investigate the possibility of inducing ferromagnetic order in 4d and 5d late transition metals through crystal symmetry change. First principles, self-consistent density functional theory calculations, with spin-orbit coupling included, performed at 0 K show that ferromagnetism occurs in the bulk of Rh and Pd at the optimum lattice constant if Rh is in the bcc and Pd in the hcp/dhcp phase. The ferromagnetic order originates in the d-band occupancy of Rh or Pd which locates the Fermi energy at the top of the highest peak of the respective (paramagnetic) density of states induced by the bcc or hcp/dhcp structure. This peak in the density of states is caused by flat bands which lie at the surface of the respective Brillouin zone. For a bcc crystal these flat bands have the eg character and are positioned at the surface of the bcc Brillouin zone along the N-P line. The origin of the flatness of the bands was found to be the translation symmetry of the cubic lattice which causes the bands with the eg character to be narrow along the k-lines whose k-vector directions are furthest off the directions to which the orbitals of the eg symmetry point. Due to the d-band occupancy of Rh these flat bands lie in the paramagnetic state at the Fermi energy, whereas in the ferromagnetic state they exhibit the largest energetic split. This indicates that a smaller degree of orbital overlap narrows electronic bands enhancing the tendency of the system for ferromagnetic band split. For the hcp/dhcp structure the states contributing to the high density of para-magnetic states at the Fermi level of Pd lie in the vicinity of the M-L line of the hcp Brillouin zone boundary, which possesses a high number of symmetry (M and L) points. Moreover, the M-L line is aligned with the stacking sequence direction ([0001]) which is furthest off the densest-packed atomic chain direction of an hcp-crystal and, consequently, the weakest-bond direction in the crystal. This makes the narrow bands along the M-L line flat. The instability of the bcc and the meta-stability of the hcp crystal phase modifications for metals with native close-packed crystal structures is subsequently analysed in order to find whether they can be grown as films on suitable substrates.     

Engineering bands of extended electronic states in a class of topologically disordered and quasiperiodic lattices

We show that a discrete tight-binding model representing either a random or a quasiperiodic array of bonds can have the entire energy spectrum or a substantial part of it absolutely continuous, populated by extended eigenfunctions only, when atomic sites are coupled to the lattice locally, or non-locally from one side. The event can be fine-tuned by controlling only the host–adatom coupling in one case, while in two other cases cited here an additional external magnetic field is necessary. The delocalization of electronic states for the group of systems presented here is sensitive to a subtle correlation between the numerical values of the Hamiltonian parameters – a fact that is not common in the conventional cases of Anderson localization. Our results are analytically exact, and supported by numerical evaluation of the density of states and electronic transmission coefficient.     

Low energy atomic collisions

The Schrödinger equation for the system H⁺-H developed in a previous paper is considered using new expansion functions for electronic states obtained from H₂ ⁺ molecular ion electronic eigenfunctions by a unitary transformation. These new functions have the advantage of remaining orthonormal at all internuclear separations and asymptotically becoming symmetrized atomic hydrogen states. Although they are eigenfunctions of the H₂ ⁺ hamiltonian only in the limit of large internuclear distance, the effect of the H₂ ⁺ hamiltonian on these functions is readily found.

Due to coupling which remains non-zero in the limit of large interproton distance, each independent formal solution of the H⁺-H equations involves more than one expansion state in this limit. These solutions may be expressed asymptotically as column vectors multiplied by incoming or outgoing spherical waves.

The formal theory of scattering as developed by Gell-Mann and Goldberger has been utilized along with the projection formalism of Feshbach to obtain the correct asymptotic form of the scattering wave function. The procedure employed involves formulating the problem in terms of two-potential scattering and requires application of renormalization techniques for treating level shifts produced by the infinite-ranged coupling. This asymptotic form may be used in imposing scattering boundary conditions on numerical solutions of coupled equations for H⁺-H scattering.

Finally, it is shown that one cannot interpret coefficients of all outgoing spherical waves as scattering amplitudes. In addition, new interference phenomena are found to result from the presence of the infinite-ranged coupling. The present formalism is shown to reduce to the usual perturbed stationary-states method in the approximation that the infinite-ranged coupling is neglected.     

Calculation of the fine structure of the level in Rydberg state of lithium

The level shift and level formula of lithium atom in Rydberg states are achieved by means of the calculation of polarization of the atomic core (including the contribution of dipole moment, quadrupole moment and octupole moment);meanwhile, the effect of relativity theory, the orbital angular momentum L and the spin angular momentum S coupling (LS coupling), and high order correction of the effective potential are considered. The some fine structures (N=5～12,L=4～9,J=L±1/2) and the corresponding level intervals in Rydberg states can be calculated by the above-mentioned level formula and compared with correlated experimental data.     

Dissociative nitrogen chemisorption and bonding on Gd(0001)

The electronic structure of dissociatively chemisorbed nitrogen on Gd(0001) has been studied using angle-resolved photoemission at 150 K. The symmetry of the nitrogen-induced states and bonding configuration for the initial chemisorption has been identified. Bonding occurs above the Gd(0001) surface plane via the N p_z orbital. Two possible adsorption sites are postulated, with preferential occupancy that is dependent upon coverage.     

Magnetic Properties and Spin Crossover in Transition Metal Oxides with d 5 Ions at High Pressures

We analyze the influence of cooperative effects on the magnetic properties and spin crossover between the high-spin (HS) term S = 5/2 and low-spin (LS) term S = 1/2 in Mott–Hubbard dielectrics with 3d5 ions under high pressures. Two cooperation mechanisms (superexchange interaction and effective interaction via the elastic system) are considered. The sign of the exchange interaction changes because of the crossover from the antiferromagnetic in the HS state to the ferromagnetic in the LS state. In view of the large difference between the ionic radii of the HS and LS states, the systems with spin crossover acquire an additional strong coupling via the elastic system. Using the Hubbard operator representation and considering the electronic states of the two terms simultaneously, we obtain the effective Hamiltonian with allowance for the cooperative effects. The magnetic phase diagram and the spin crossover are investigated in the mean field approximation. It is shown that the inclusion of cooperative effects at low temperatures leads to a first-order phase transition between the antiferromagnetic HS state and the ferromagnetic LS state. At higher temperatures, more complicated sequences of phase transitions are possible upon an increase in pressure, including the HS paramagnet–HS antiferromagnet–LS paramagnet and HS antiferromagnet–LS paramagnet–LS ferromagnet transitions.