共球有限点集的k号心及其性质

在n维欧氏空间中,建立了n维共球有限点集的k号心概念,并据此导出了一串有关的平行线、共线点、共点线及共球点定理.     

Some Properties of Finite Morphisms on Double Points

For a finite morphism f : X Y of smooth varieties such that f maps X birationally onto X=f(X), the local equations of f are obtained at the double points which are not triple. If C is the conductor of X over X, and are the subschemes defined by C, then D and are shown to be complete intersections at these points, provided that C has the expected codimension. This leads one to determine the depth of local rings of X at these double points. On the other hand, when C is reduced in X, it is proved that X is weakly normal at these points, and some global results are given. For the case of affine spaces, the local equations of X at these points are computed.     

Notes on Two Geometric Inequalities for a Finite Set of Points

Two geometric inequalities for a finite set of points were established in Geom. Dedicata 62 (1996), 157--160. In this paper, we point out a computational mistake in that paper, and give corrections to two geometric inequalities.     

NP-Hardness of Some Euclidean Problems of Partitioning a Finite Set of Points

Problems of partitioning a finite set of Euclidean points (vectors) into clusters are considered. The criterion is to minimize the sum, over all clusters, of (1) squared norms of the sums of cluster elements normalized by the cardinality, (2) squared norms of the sums of cluster elements, and (3) norms of the sum of cluster elements. It is proved that all these problems are strongly NP-hard if the number of clusters is a part of the input and are NP-hard in the ordinary sense if the number of clusters is not a part of the input (is fixed). Moreover, the problems are NP-hard even in the case of dimension 1 (on a line).     

Traces of Quantized Canonical Transformations Localized on a Finite Set of Points

For an embedding i : X ? M of smooth manifolds and a Fourier integral operator Φ on M defined as the quantization of a canonical transformation g: T*M \ {0} → T*M \ {0}, we consider the operator i*Φi* on the submanifold X, where i* and i_* are the boundary and coboundary operators corresponding to the embedding i. We present conditions on the transformation g under which such an operator has the form of a Fourier integral operator associated with the fiber of the cotangent bundle over a point. We obtain an explicit formula for calculating the amplitude of this operator in local coordinates.     

Rank Properties of the Semigroup of Singular Transformations on a Finite Set

It is known that the semigroup Sing _n of all singular self-maps of X _n  = {1,2,…, n} has rank n(n ? 1)/2. The idempotent rank, defined as the smallest number of idempotents generating Sing _n , has the same value as the rank. (See Gomes and Howie, 1987 Gomes , G. M. S. , Howie , J. M. ( 1987 ). On the rank of certain finite semigroups of transformations . Math. Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 101 : 395 – 303 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar].) Idempotents generating Sing _n can be seen as special cases (with m = r = 2) of (m, r)-path-cycles, as defined in Ay\i k et al. (2005 Ay?k , G. , Ay?k , H. , Howie , J. M. ( 2005 ). On factorisations and generators in transformation semigroups . Semigroup Forum 70 : 225 – 237 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). The object of this article is to show that, for fixed m and r, the (m, r)-rank of Sing _n , defined as the smallest number of (m, r)-path-cycles generating Sing _n , is once again n(n ? 1)/2.     

Common Sections with Given Properties for a Finite Set of Convex Compacta

Let be convex compacta and let O be their common interior point. It is proved that there exists a 2-plane H through O such that for in–2 an affine image of a given centrally symmetric hexagon is inscribed in K_iH and has center at O. Furthermore, there exist n–3 2-planes H₁,...,H_n-3 through O lying at the same time in a 3-plane such that for in–3 an affine image of a regular octagon is inscribed in H_iK_i and has center at O. Bibliography: 9 titles.     

Randomized Algorithms for Some Hard-to-Solve Problems of Clustering a Finite Set of Points in Euclidean Space

Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics - Two strongly NP-hard problems of clustering a finite set of points in Euclidean space are considered. In the first problem, given an input set,...     

NP-Completeness of Some Problems of Partitioning a Finite Set of Points in Euclidean Space into Balanced Clusters

Doklady Mathematics - We consider three related problems of partitioning an $$N$$-element set of points in $$d$$-dimensional Euclidean space into two clusters balancing the value of (1) the...     

Nonadditive Set Functions on a Finite Set and Linear Inequalities

A set function is a function whose domain is the power set of a set, which is assumed to be finite in this paper. We treat a possibly nonadditive set function, i.e., a set function which does not satisfy necessarily additivity, ?(A) + ?(B) = ?(A ∪ B) forA ∩ B = ∅, as an element of the linear space on the power set. Then some of the famous classes of set functions are polyhedral in that linear space, i.e., expressed by a finite number of linear inequalities. We specify the sets of the coefficients of the linear inequalities for some classes of set functions. Then we consider the following three problems: (a) the domain extension problem for nonadditive set functions, (b) the sandwich problem for nonadditive set functions, and (c) the representation problem of a binary relation by a nonadditive set function, i.e., the problem of nonadditive comparative probabilities.     

有限集合与数列极限的定义

极限理论是微积分学的理论基础,而数列极限是其中最基础也是最重要的一个部分,准确深入理解数列极限的概念对微积分的学习具有重要作用.本文用集合给出数列极限的另一个定义,它与数列极限的ε-N定义等价,其应用可以使数列极限的验证过程的逻辑关系更为清晰.     

Complexity of Some Problems of Quadratic Partitioning of a Finite Set of Points in Euclidean Space into Balanced Clusters

Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics - We consider three related problems of partitioning an N-element set of points in d-dimensional Euclidean space into two clusters balancing the...     

Repelling Periodic Points in the Julia Set

We give an elementary proof for the fact that the Julia setof a rational or entire function is the closure of the repellingperiodic points. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification 30D05,30D35, 30D45.     

平面上有限个点到直线的距离和最小的问题

讨论并解决了平面上有限个点(x1,y1),(x2,y2),…,(xn,yn)(1)到直线的距离和d=∑ni=1|xi-c|(当直线为x=c时),∑ni=1|yi-axi-b|1+a2(当直线为y=ax+b时)最小的问题,它源于全最小一乘法.     

Fitting a Set of Points by a Circle

Given a set of points S={p ₁ ,. . ., p _n } in Euclidean d -dimensional space, we address the problem of computing the d -dimensional annulus of smallest width containing the set. We give a complete characterization of the centers of annuli which are locally minimal in arbitrary dimension and we show that, for d=2 , a locally minimal annulus has two points on the inner circle and two points on the outer circle that interlace anglewise as seen from the center of the annulus. Using this characterization, we show that, given a circular order of the points, there is at most one locally minimal annulus consistent with that order and it can be computed in time O(n log n) using a simple algorithm. Furthermore, when points are in convex position, the problem can be solved in optimal Θ(n) time. Received June 25, 1997, and in revised form March 5, 1998.     

Non Standard Regular Finite Set Theory

We propose a set theory, called NRFST, in which the Cantorian axiom of infinity is negated, and a new notion of infinity is introduced via non standard methods, i. e. via adequate notions of standard and internal, two unary predicates added to the language of ZF. After some initial results on NRFST, we investigate its relative consistency with respect to ZF and Kawai's WNST.     

非紧域上集值映象的重合点与不动点

在赋范线性空间的非空非紧凸集上建立了集值映象对的一个重合点定理,然后用这一定理改进了文献［１］中的集值映象内向集定理与外向集定理,并得到几个集值映象不动点定理．     

Circularity of Finite Groups without Fixed Points

Let áA, B | A^m=1, Bⁿ=A^t, BAB^-1=A^r?\langle A, B\,\vert\, A^\mu=1,\, B^\nu=A^t,\, BAB^{-1}=A^\rho\rangle where and are relative prime numbers, t = /s and s = gcd( – 1,), and is the order of modulo . We prove that if (1) = 2, and (2) is embeddable into the multiplicative group of some skew field, then is circular. This means that there is some additive group N on which acts fixed point freely, and |((a)+b)((c)+d)| 2 whenever a,b,c,d N, a0c, are such that (a)+b(c)+d.     

Circularity of Finite Groups without Fixed Points

Let be a fixed point free group given by the presentation where and are relative prime numbers, t = /s and s = gcd( – 1,), and is the order of modulo . We prove that if (1) = 2, and (2) is embeddable into the multiplicative group of some skew field, then is circular. This means that there is some additive group N on which acts fixed point freely, and |((a)+b)((c)+d)| 2 whenever a,b,c,d N, a0c, are such that (a)+b(c)+d.