一种基于脉冲噪声的新型迭代滤波算法

在局部极值噪声检测和迭代中值滤波的基础上,基于图像结构和脉冲噪声的特征分析,有效结合局部极值检测和幅度差阈值、梯度差阈值的检测方法,提出了一种基于噪声检测的迭代脉冲噪声滤除算法.并通过仿真实验和算法评价,验证了该算法不仅能够达到很好的去噪效果,而且在保留图像细节信息方面也取得了一定的成效.     

一种带椒盐噪声的图像恢复快速方法

研究被椒盐噪声干扰的模糊图像恢复问题.提出了一种利用两步法来恢复图像的快速算法.第一步,用自适应中值滤波(adaptive median filter,AMF)识别被噪声干扰的图像的像素.第二步,基于无噪声的像素,对图像进行恢复.利用交替方向极小化,提出了一种带椒盐噪声的图像恢复快速方法.实验结果显示,该方法较其他现有的两步法恢复图像的效果更好.     

一种去除图像中Cauchy噪声的滤波算法

数字图像在采集、传输等过程中会产生各种噪声,噪声特征不同,处理方法也不同,如何尽可能恢复被强噪声干扰的图像是一个有意义的研究课题,因为传统的滤波算法在强噪声情况下,难以得到理想的结果.该文在中值滤波的基础上,结合局部区域内像素聚类的思想,提出一种对图像边缘进行修正的滤波算法,对三幅被Cauchy噪声干扰的图像处理的结果表明,该算法弥补了中值滤波在细节处理方面的不足,和其它方法相比,在滤除强噪声并保护图像细节和边缘方面有明显提高,是一种有效的去除强噪声的滤波算法.     

基于模糊中值滤波的椒盐噪声去除方法

研究基于模糊中值滤波的椒盐噪声去除方法。通过比较图像各像素点的灰度值,定义基于图像梯度信息的各点被判别为噪声点的模糊隶属函数。利用此模糊隶属函数对中值滤波方法进行加权,得到了一种加权中值滤波器,可实现边缘处椒盐噪声的有效滤除。讨论这种模糊加权方法与其它先进滤波方法的结合途径,指出了其推广应用价值。最后利用数值实验验证本文方法的有效性,结果表明,相比于自适应中值滤波方法,本文方法得到的滤波图像在峰值信噪比及结构相似度方面均有明显提高。     

存在有界功率扰动和高斯白噪声的滤波算法

传统滤波算法,如卡尔曼滤波,通常对系统模型具有较高的依赖性,需要精确建模才能达到较高的估计精度.而现实场景中由于未知环境因素与建模误差的存在,往往使得估计品质不尽人意.因此针对离散系统同时受有界功率扰动和高斯白噪声影响的滤波问题,提出了一种新的线性时不变的鲁棒最优滤波方法.该方法在保证鲁棒性的同时还能够保证最优均方估计.为了保证鲁棒最优滤波,基于系统级综合方法,并根据误差动力学的系统响应以及干扰和噪声的参数来描述估计性能的上界.并在此基础上,提出了一种数值可处理的新的滤波器设计算法.最后借助测速算例验证了结果的有效性,仿真表明采用该方法得出的滤波算法相比于其它现有方法,能够实现理想的估计品质.     

基于lp有界噪声的压缩数据分离

本文考虑l_p有界噪声约束下的压缩数据分离问题,即从压缩测量数据中重建信号的不同稀疏子成分.为了重构不同框架D₁∈R^n×d₁和D₂∈R^n×d₂下(近似)稀疏的不同子成分,我们首先提出了l₁-αl₂分解分析算法,在测量矩阵满足一定的约束等距性条件且字典之间满足某个相互相干性条件时,此算法可以处理不同噪声干扰下的信号分离问题.此外,基于经典Dantzig Selector模型,我们还引入了l₁-αl₂分解分析Dantzig Selector算法,在适当条件下此算法也可以稳定分离压缩数据.数值实验表明,l₁-αl₂最小化算法对于冗余紧框架下的数据分离问题具有鲁棒性和稳定性.     

信号与同频色噪声驱动的双稳系统的随机共振实验研究

设计了将线性滤波器与随机共振装置串联处理信号、噪声的装置。这一装置模拟了在周期信号与单色同频噪声作用下的随机共振系统。实验表明,这一设计十分有利于在强噪声弱信号输入下提高输出信噪比,是将弱信号从强噪声背景下分离出来的新的强有力的工具。对上述非线性系统产生随机共振的物理机制也进行了定性的说明。     

处理噪声问题的泰勒展开交替最小化算法

为了处理图像、计算机视觉和生物信息等领域中广泛存在的稀疏大噪声和高斯噪声问题,提出了一种利用交替方向最小化思想求解主成分追求松弛模型的泰勒展开交替最小化算法(TEAM).采用推广泰勒展开和收缩算子等技术推导出低秩矩阵和稀疏大噪声矩阵的迭代方向矩阵,加入连续技术提高算法的收敛速率,设计出TEAM算法的求解步骤.实验中,将TEAM算法与该领域的顶级算法作分析对比.结果表明,TEAM算法时间优势明显,误差优势略好.     

基于奇异谱分析的降噪方法及其在计算最大Liapunov指数中的应用

基于奇异谱分析对信号的自适应滤波特性,提出了一种降低混沌信号噪声的算法,这个算法首先求得信号的各阶经验正交函数（EOF）和主分量（PC）,然后用经验正交函数和主分量重构信号,根据重构信号的奇异谱选择最优的重构阶次以获得降噪后的信号．在计算动力系统最大Liapunov指数时,由于噪声的存在会降低计算的精度,因此将提出的降噪算法应用于最大Liapunov指数的计算中．通过对Henon映射和Logistic映射这两个典型混沌系统最大Liapunov指数的计算,结果表明该算法能有效提高最大Liapunov指数计算的精度．     

基于图像处理的枪弹头痕迹自动匹配方法

针对子弹自动自动匹配问题,首先利用子弹表面为圆柱面的假设,对采集得到的数据进行误差校正,然后将圆柱面上的深度数据展开到平面上,用经典的中值滤波和平滑算法去除噪声,良好的数据预处理算法对后续的特征提取和子弹匹配起到了重要作用.一方面将z轴数据映射到二维图像上,提出了基于统计的鲁棒的互相关性系数准则,另一方面,对三维数据进行可视化操作,显示划痕条数、划痕宽度等宏观特征,二者结合起来对子弹进行匹配.实验表明,方法取得了良好的效果,具有高达80%以上的识别率.     

简化正交归一约束的自适应噪声子空间估计算法

为避免MUSIC算法的特征分解过程,提出一种噪声子空间的自适应估计算法,能够估计整个噪声子空间.该算法基于正交归一化约束的最小均方(LMS)算法,但对正交归一约束过程进行了简化,较之显式正交归一化约束的LMS算法,简化了运算过程,适合实时计算与工程实现.噪声子空间估计以迭代的方式进行,适合应用于运动信号源的跟踪.仿真结果显示算法具有很好的空间谱估计性能和DOA跟踪性能.     

基于S变换的地震信号降噪方法研究

S变换在分析非平稳信号时能有效地反映出频率随时间的变化,但由于其窗函数是固定不变的,在实际中应用受到了限制.从基本理论出发,推导出一种改进的S变换形式,并对合成信号分别进行傅立叶变换、s变换和改进的S变换,通过对比发现:改进的s变换方法能够更好地分辨非平稳信号的频率特性,比S变换具有更高的分辨率.最后应用改进的s变换方法对地震背景噪声数据进行了去噪处理,取得了较好的结果.     

基于相空间重构的降噪技术研究

探讨了基于相空间重构的局部线性映射算法在非线性时间序列降噪技术中的应用,并给出了算法中主要参数的选取方法.实验结果表明,该算法的降噪效果明显优于传统的线性信号滤波技术.并且针对多数实测数据的原始动态模型未知的特点,提出通过计算降噪前后时序信号的关联维数作为评判降噪效果的工具,克服了已有方法中无法计算该类时序信号降噪水平的缺点.     

Noise reduction method for vibration signals 2D time‐frequency distribution using anisotropic diffusion equation

Threshold noise reduction methods of vibration signals have been widely researched and used. However, these methods are less efficient in such situation, including requiring a time‐consuming and subjective to manual editing because different degree of noise signal requires selecting different characterization for filtering. In this paper, an efficient denoising method based on PDE for mechanical vibration signals time‐frequency distribution is investigated, in which, a one‐dimensional vibration signal is transformed into 2D time‐frequency domain by using Gabor transform. This enables (i) simultaneously utilize both time and frequency characteristic for effectively multiple dimension signal denosing and (ii) isotropic and anisotropic characteristics to be imposed by employing PDE, which explicitly fit with the local structure of time‐frequency signal. This paper analyzes the basic methods of isotropic and anisotropic diffusion filtering, investigates the anisotropic diffusion method based on local feature structure of 2D information, and conducts a set of comparative tests. Experiments show that this proposed method has a better performance of denoising than that of thresholding. At the same time, it is more handy than that of other methods, such as independent component analysis. Finally, problems and ways of improving the PDE‐based filter method are analyzed in this paper. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Limiting optimal adaptive filtering with unknown disturbance covariance

The accuracy of estimating the variance of the Kalman-Bucy filter depends essentially on disturbance covariance matrices and measurement noise. The main difficulty in filter design is the lack of necessary statistical information about the useful signal and the disturbance. Filters whose parameters are tuned during active estimation are classified with adaptive filters. The problem of adaptive filtering under parametric uncertainty conditions is studied. A method for designing limiting optimal Kalman-Bucy filters in the case of unknown disturbance covariance is presented. An adaptive algorithm for estimating disturbance covariance matrices based on stochastic approximation is described. Convergence conditions for this algorithm are investigated. The operation of a limiting adaptive filter is exemplified.     

An Examination of the Use of Adaptive Filtering in Forecasting

Adaptive filtering is a technique for preparing short- to medium-term forecasts based on the weighting of historical observations, in a similar way to moving average and exponential smoothing. However, adaptive filtering, as it has been developed in electrical engineering, attempts to distinguish a signal pattern from random noise, rather than simply smoothing the noise of past data. This paper reviews the technique of adaptive filtering and investigates its applications and limitations for the forecasting practitioner. This is done by looking at the performance of adaptive filtering in forecasting a number of time series and by comparing it with other forecasting techniques.     

Simultaneous denoising and enhancement of signals by a fractal conservation law

In this paper, a new filtering method is presented for simultaneous noise reduction and enhancement of signals using a fractal scalar conservation law which is simply the forward heat equation modified by a fractional anti-diffusive term of lower order. This kind of equation has been first introduced by physicists to describe morphodynamics of sand dunes. To evaluate the performance of this new filter, we perform a number of numerical tests on various signals. Numerical simulations are based on finite difference schemes or fast Fourier transform. We used two well-known measuring metrics in signal processing for the comparison. The results indicate that the proposed method outperforms the well-known Savitzky-Golay filter in signal denoising.     

基于分数阶Fourier变换的结构瞬时频率识别北大核心CSCD

为识别时变信号的瞬时频率,由分数阶Fourier变换定义推导出了一般信号的频率与单一变量旋转角度α的关系式,从理论上解释了分数阶Fourier变换本质上是一种普通Fourier变换结合伸缩平移窗的算法,进而在分数阶Fourier域建立了非平稳信号瞬时频率的一般表达式,实现了结构瞬时频率的识别.采用任意非线性调频信号仿真算例和三自由度有阻尼时变结构系统的数值算例对提出的方法进行了比较分析.结果表明,该文提出的方法与理论值吻合良好,并具有一定的抗噪性,验证了方法的可靠性和实用性,可以应用于时变结构瞬时频率的识别.     

Noise correction in gene expression data: a new approach based on subspace method

We present a new approach for removing the nonspecific noise from Drosophila segmentation genes. The algorithm used for filtering here is an enhanced version of singular spectrum analysis method, which decomposes a gene profile into the sum of a signal and noise. Because the main issue in extracting signal using singular spectrum analysis procedure lies in identifying the number of eigenvalues needed for signal reconstruction, this paper seeks to explore the applicability of the new proposed method for eigenvalues identification in four different gene expression profiles. Our findings indicate that when extracting signal from different genes, for optimised signal and noise separation, different number of eigenvalues need to be chosen for each gene. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于Curvelet域高斯尺度混合模型的地震信号降噪方法

结合曲波变换和高斯尺度混合模型提出地震信号随机噪声压制方法.该方法首先运用曲波变换对含有随机噪声的地震信号进行分解,然后对各小波子带系数分别建立高斯尺度混合模型估计出原始地震信号所对应的小波系数,最后经曲波逆变换重构获得降噪处理后的地震信号.仿真地震信号和实际地震信号的实验结果均表明本文方法能够有效压制地震信号中的随机噪声干扰,较多地保留了有效信号.