水库淡水冰剪切强度试验研究

对红旗泡水库淡水冰开展了剪切强度系列试验,累计得到236个试样的剪切强度数据.分析了剪切强度随温度、剪切应变速率以及加载方向的变化规律.通过试验结果得到剪切强度随剪切应变速率的变化规律,利用统计分析得出峰值剪切强度与冰温度的试验关系.同时分析了水库冰各向异性特点,产生不同加载方向下剪切强度的差异.     

泥质盐岩单轴蠕变寿命研究

岩石流变力学的研究中，蠕变寿命是一个重要问题.由于长期蠕变试验资料的缺乏，难以估计蠕变破坏时间.该文进行了泥质盐岩单轴全应力 应变压缩试验，并采用陈氏加载法进行了单轴蠕变试验.对蠕变曲线进行了处理，获得了不同应力水平下的蠕变曲线簇，进而得到了等时应力-应变曲线簇.通过拟合分析，建立了等时应力-应变曲线割线模量随时间变化关系模型和等时应力 应变曲线的数学模型.对等时应力 应变曲线与全应力-应变曲线之间的关系进行了分析，获得了蠕变破坏强度和破坏应变分别与蠕变寿命之间的数学表达式.该文研究成果可以估计泥质盐岩的蠕变寿命、长期强度、长期模量、蠕变破坏线和蠕变终止线，对相关岩石流变寿命的估计具有借鉴意义.     

海冰弯曲破坏下的破坏准则数值模拟方法研究

海冰的弯曲破坏进程的研究已经称为冰工程界的一项重要课题.通过理论分析结合数值计算对海冰弯曲破坏数值模拟方法进行探索:探讨适合于海冰弯曲应力状态下的本构模型和破坏准则;在LS-DYNA中模拟圆环形冰排弯曲破坏和冰排与锥体结构相互作用的进程,提出了一种对海冰破坏准则验证的技术思路;通过所提出的技术思路对基于三轴压缩试验的Derradji破坏准则进行了修正,使其能够适用于海冰的弯曲破坏.     

统一的解理断裂统计模型

根据微裂纹的解理断裂强度服从三参数Weibull分布的假设和最薄弱链理论,推导出了低合金结构钢的解理断裂统计模型.由模型的一般表达式结合裂纹、缺口和光滑试样具体的应力分布,进一步推导出了这三种试样的解理断裂统计模型.并以临界应力强度因子K_IC、断裂载荷L_F和断裂真应力σ_F作为控制参量,分别建立了裂纹、缺口和光滑试样的解理断裂统计判据.采用热模拟技术,在15MnVN钢中得到了焊接过热区粒状贝氏体组织,在-196—20℃的温度范围内,对热模拟后的材料分别进行了光滑试样的单轴拉伸试验、缺口试样的四点弯曲试验、裂纹试样的三点弯曲试验,所测得的光滑试样的断裂真应力、缺口试样的断裂载荷以及裂纹试样的K_IC与统计模型所预测的相应参量的变化趋势及其分散带完全一致,从而在扩展控制的解理温度区间里,首次统一了不同试样、加载方式条件下材料的解理断裂行为.     

圆形杂质对裂纹扩展的影响

在单轴拉伸载荷作用下，运用分布位错方法对无限大平面内含有一个裂纹和一个任意方向的杂质问题进行求解，得到了裂纹尖端的应力强度因子、应力场以及应变能密度.利用最小应变能密度因子准则来判断裂纹扩展方向.结果显示:软杂质对裂纹尖端应力强度因子、应变能密度和应力场有增强作用，而硬杂质则具有屏蔽作用.在 -30°<θ<30°范围内，杂质对裂纹扩展方向的影响较小，而在 -90°<θ<-30°或30°<θ<90°范围内，杂质对裂纹扩展方向的影响较大.软杂质对裂纹扩展有吸引作用，而硬杂质具有排斥作用.     

海冰冰裂缝自动化检测装置及其系统在南极海冰监测中的应用研究

南极海冰冰裂缝宽度的变化严重影响人类在南极活动中冰上物资的运输,利用研制成功的电容感应式冰原传感器,设计并研究了南极海冰冰裂缝的自动化检测装置及其系统,并对该套系统在南极海冰的试验应用进行了分析,结果证明,该冰裂缝检测装置及其系统能较好的实现海冰裂缝的无人自动化监测.     

基于冰对结构物作用力的莱州湾海冰灾害预警流程研究

通过水文气象要素实现对冰基本物理和力学性质参数的评估,结合不同类型结构物承受冰作用力的计算方法,实现对结构物实时承受冰作用力的评价.在此基础上实现对结构物所承受作用力与该结构物设计抗冰能力的比较,并将该比值作为预警关键指标.以直立结构物为例,建立了依据结构物的安全运营、正常的生产作业和人员舒适度三方面的综合预警阈值,形成完整的预警流程.在实践中,需要针对具体结构物类型,一是根据结构物操作规程和经验积累调整阈值的范围;二是继续积累不同破坏方式的大应变速率(位移速率)的冰强度试验统计结果.     

冻土单轴动态加载下的应力应变关系

研究冻土在冲击加载下的动态力学行为对寒区的工程建设、交通运输等都有着重大的意义。该研究在粘弹性模型的基础上,考虑了损伤和温度的影响,建立了能够合理描述冻土在单轴冲击荷载作用下的应力-应变行为的本构模型。并进行了冻土霍普金森压杆冲击动态实验,对比实验曲线和所建立的本构模型曲线,发现拟合良好,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

圆孔内单边（或双边）裂纹平台巴西圆盘应力强度因子的全面标定

虽然径向压缩含内单边裂纹的圆环型试样已有学者进行了分析,但在该试样上增加有益于加载的平台,就形成了新的试样——圆孔内单边裂纹平台巴西圆盘（holed single cracked flattened Brazilian disc,HSCFBD),并对其进行了研究.此外,对圆孔内（双边）裂纹平台巴西圆盘（holed cracked flattened Brazilian disc,HCFBD）做了进一步研究.通过有限元分析,对含有不同内外半径比、无量纲裂纹长度、平台角的HSCFBD和HCFBD的无量纲应力强度因子Y进行了全面标定,给出Y的曲线和拟合公式,拟合公式计算结果与数值标定结果相对误差在±1.39%以内.分析了试件形状参数对应力强度因子的影响:内外半径比越大,平台角越小,无量纲应力强度因子越大.根据应力强度因子的变化规律,推荐了适合测试Ⅰ型断裂韧度的HSCFBD和HCFBD的参数.进行了HCFBD的初步试验,还用国际岩石力学学会建议的人字形切槽巴西圆盘做了对比试验.     

随机数学建模方法在钢筋与混凝土粘结强度分析中的应用

本文主要利用随机建模的方法推导了均速加载的速率对粘结承载力影响量化表达的基本形式 .运用随机过程中的 Markov过程的方法得到了加载速率对粘结承载力 (平均粘结强度 )影响的量化表述 ,并综合考虑了钢筋锈蚀率的影响 ,且结合实际试验确定了一些未知参数 ,在此基础上分析了混凝土强度变化可能的影响 .     

Compressive Properties of Pultruded Composites

The compressive properties of E-glass fiber/polyester resin matrix pultruded composites were measured using a short-block compression test fixture. Twenty specimens were tested in the pultrusion (longitudinal) direction and twenty more specimens in the transverse direction. Six specimens were tested at 30, 45, and 60° orientations to the pultrusion direction. Compressive properties such as the compressive modulus, compressive strength, Poisson ratio, and compressive failure strain were measured for both 6.3 and 12.7 mm thick pultruded sheet materials. The test specimens were rectangular with a length of 44.4 mm, width of 25.4 mm, and gage length of 25.4 mm. The test fixture was initially validated by measuring the axial strain distribution across the width of the specimen; from the beginning of loading up to the final failure, the distribution of strains across the specimen width was found to be very uniform. Back-to-back strain gages were also mounted on representative specimens. The end shortening was also measured on all specimens. The compressive strength data were analyzed both for the longitudinal and transverse directions using a two-parameter Weibull, lognormal, and normal distributions. The compressive properties are presented as functions of the specimen orientation angle for both thicknesses.     

Deformation and strength properties of carbon-reinforced plastics in compression

The deformation and strength properties of unidirectionally reinforced carbon plastics have been experimentally investigated for uniaxial compression in the longitudinal and transverse directions and at 45° to the direction of reinforcement in both short-time and long-time tests. On the basis of the deformation properties of the components an attempt is made to describe the creep curve of the plastic in all three loading directions. The Mohr theory is used to predict the compressive strengths in the direction of reinforcement and at right angles to the reinforcement.Institute of Polymer Mechanics, Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR, Riga. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 1, pp. 29–35, January–February, 1973.     

Deformation and Damaging of Composites with Transversally-isotropic Components under Compressive Loading

In the present paper, the problem of deformation and damage of composites with a porous isotropic matrix and transversally-isotropic unidirectional fibers under compressive loading is considered when microdamages are accumulated in the fiber. Fractured micro-volumes are modelled by a system of randomly distributed quasi spherical pores. The Shleicher-Nadai fracture criterion is used as a condition for the origin of micro-pores (micro-damage) based on the assumption of a rigid material. The limit value of the strength of the material is assumed as a stochastic function of coordinates. By using a numerical procedure, the solution of the above problem is found. The nonlinear stress-strain diagrams for a transversally-isotropic composite are obtained for the case of uniaxial compression-tension along the fibers. The nonlinearity of the deformations of the composite is caused by accumulation of micro-damages in the matrix. The influence of the physical-mechanical properties of materials, of the volume concentration, of the porosity of components, of the geometrical parameters of the structure, and of the character of the scatter of the strength in the material on the micro-damage of the material and, as a consequence, the influence on the macro-stress-macro-strain diagram is analyzed. (© 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

A macroscopic consitutive model on induced anisotropy for polymers with weighting functions

The alignment of polymer chains is a well known microstructural evolution effect due to straining of polymers. This has a drastic influence on the macroscopic properties of the initially isotropic material, such as a pronounced strength in the loading direction of stretched films. Experiments on strain induced anisotropy at room temperature are analyzed by optical measurements. For modeling the effect of strain induced anisotropy a macroscopic constitutive model is presented. As a key idea, weighting functions are introduced to represent a strain-softening/hardening-effect to account for induced anisotropy. These functions represent the ratio between the total strain rate and a structural tensor. In this way, material parameters are used as a sum of weighted direction related quantities. In the finite element examples we simulate the cold-forming of amorphous thermoplastic films below the glass transition temperature subjected to different re-loading directions. (© 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

复合材料对称层合板单向拉伸与面内剪切下的三维应力分析

本文给出了单向拉伸与面向剪切载荷下复合材料对称层合板中心区域的应力和应变沿板厚的数值计算分布规律。计算结果表明，在斜交对称辅层的层合板中心区域层间界面附近存在着层间边界层效应。层间界面处纤维走向的突变导致局部的三维应力状态和很强的应力集中。     

一种镍基单晶超合金高温低周疲劳的晶体取向相关性模型

在950℃t对[001]、[012]、[112]、[011]和[114]晶体取向的镍基单晶超合金DD3试样进行了对称循环低周疲劳(ICF)试验。应变率取1.0×10-2,1.33×10-3,0.33×10-3s-1.试验结果表明,LCF特性显着地取决于晶体取向和应变率。试样断口细观分析表明,除了[001]取向试样外,其余所有试样断口上均有明显的等间距疲劳纹。这些疲劳纹由微裂纹组成,其间距取决于试样的晶体取向和总应变范围。基于晶体滑移理论,建立了疲劳纹间距和总分切应变范围及取向和应变率函数的一个简单关系。对Lall-Chin-Pope(LCP)模型进行修正并推广应用于循环塑性和疲劳寿命研究,提出了一个晶体取向和应变率参数,该参数可以很好地描述镍基单晶超合金高温低周疲劳循环塑性和疲劳寿命的晶体取向和应变率相关性。     

估计海冰厚度函数的一种辨识方法

提出一种采用海冰和海水温度观测数据来估计海冰厚度的辨识方法, 避免了因使用厚度数据所带来的种种局限性. 首先建立一个拟线性海冰-海水热力学系统, 得到了系统解的存在唯一性; 然后以该系统中描述海冰厚度函数的参数为辨识量, 以系统输出的温度和实际观测温度的偏差为目标泛函, 建立了以目标泛函为最小的参数辨识模型; 最后构造了以半隐式差分格式、遗传算法和Hooke-Jeeves算法相结合的数值算法, 得到了海冰厚度函数, 并对辨识量做了敏感性分析. 结果表明: 这种方法是有效可行的.     

Thermal effects in a glass laminate in tension

The results of a calorimetric investigation of a glass-reinforced textolite in uniaxial tension are presented. The specimens were deformed on the interval of strain rates from 0.3 to 10.5 mm/min at test temperatures from –30 to 80°C. The thermal effects are shown to depend on strain rate and test temperature.Institute of Polymer Mechanics, Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR, Riga. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 4, pp. 599–604, July–August, 1971.     

基于DS18B20的冰层温度梯度-厚度传感器的设计

根据高寒地区河流结冰时,河道冰情监测点垂直柱面内空气、冰与水三种介质所表现出的不同温度特性,设计了基于DS18820温度传感器的高显示分辨率冰层温度梯度一厚度自动化检测传感器,传感器内部采用单总线结构,通过MSP430单片机的控制实现了温度梯度各监测点的数字化数据采集,使传感器具有结构简单、功耗低、抗干扰能力强等优点.将新型传感器安装在内蒙古三湖口黄河河道并进行了连续两个月的现场冰情数据采集试验,传感器获得了黄河河道监测点系统的温度梯度数据.通过对采集获得的冰层温度梯度数据的进一步分析,可以全面掌握河道冰层变化的状况,实验结果表明这一新的冰层温度梯度一厚度传感器是一种更加适应于工程应用的冰情检测设备.     

Deformation of composite materials based on modified thermally expanded graphite

Samples of thermally expanded graphite modified with aluminosilicates of varying concentration and undergoing bulk tests in conditions of uniaxial compression were investigated. Micromechanical tests were performed on the surface of the samples by the method of continuous indentation with an indenter. The deformation of the surface layer and bulk of the samples was investigated. It was found that the compressive strength of the samples of modified thermally expanded graphite increased with an increase in the degree of deformation. Modification of the thermally expanded graphite powder with aluminum compounds allows fabricating articles with deformation strength.Institute of Surface Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Kiev. Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 443–449, July–August, 1997.