基于AFSA-RS的废旧航材可回收性判定研究

针对当前废旧航材回收处理工作存在的难题,在分析影响废旧航材回收因素的基础上,利用人工鱼群算法对粗糙集理论进行改进,将离散化过程转化为目标寻优问题,通过寻优对离散区间进行有效合并,从而得到较少的离散区间,以解决离散化过程中由于区间分割不当造成的病态问题,最终得到一种科学准确判定废旧航材是否值得回收的方法,提高了航材回收工作的科学性,减少了军费资金投入.     

基于第三方回收的废旧家电逆向物流网络设计

针对第三方参与废旧家电回收问题进行研究,以第三方家电回收企业利润最大化和回收中心对居民产生的负效用最小化为目标,考虑废旧家电在回收数量、回收质量以及客户需求量等方面的不确定性,建立多周期多目标的废旧家电逆向物流网络模型.采用改进加权平均求解法将双目标规划转化为单目标规划后,再采用区间规划方法对模型进行确定性转化.模型数值仿真得到的优化解能为企业在物流设施选址以及不同周期下的市场缺货量、设施间流量分配等提供一个灵活的决策方案.     

基于动态定价的再制造商主导的多周期多目标产品回收网络设计

假设回收商和制造/再制造商为独立理性的决策者,并共同构建回收网络,且制造/再制造商在两者的博弈中处于主导地位。另考虑废旧品回收率是回收价格的线性函数,结合回收定价与回收网络设计,建立基于动态定价的回收网络双层规划模型,上层规划为制造/再制造商进行再制造工厂的选址,确定回收补贴价格,下层规划为回收商进行回收中心的选址,确定废旧品的回收价格。通过建立模型求解算法,并给出算例论证模型的有效性。     

“以旧换新”模式下零售商回收电子废弃物定价模型研究

随着电子产品的不断更新换代,废旧电子产品的回收问题已经迫在眉睫以废旧手机为例,研究在"以旧换新"模式下以零售商为主体的回收定价模型;探讨零售商在分散决策下的Stackelberg均衡解和集中决策下最优解,并且在两种不同决策下对新产品和再造产品的市场需求及利润变化进行比较;得出集中决策下的新产品和再造产品的市场需求及整体利润,都优于分散决策的结论最后,通过数值验证证明结论不仅正确而且更与现实相吻合.     

零售商回收电子废弃物条件下的定价模型研究

以废旧手机为例,在分散决策和集中决策条件下建立了零售商单独回收的定价模型.然后,分别求得了在分散决策下的Stackelberg均衡解与集中决策时的最优决策,并作了对比分析.结果表明:集中决策下的系统利润优于分散决策下的系统利润.最后,通过数值验证了相关结论.     

废旧产品分类管理的随机需求闭环供应链网络均衡

研究由多个供应商,制造商,(一级,二级)零售商,(一级,二级)需求市场,回收中心组成的七层闭环供应链网络,需求市场区分为新产品需求市场(一级需求市场)和旧货需求市场(二级需求市场),其中新产品需求市场需求是随机的,应用蒙特卡洛方法对随机需求模拟和采样.回收中心把从一级需求市场回收的废旧产品进行分类管理,分别把可循环利用的原材料给供应商,把可再制造的废旧产品给制造商,把可修理产品回收中心自己处理.再制造产品同修理后产品通过二级零售商满足二级需求市场.分别构建了基于随机需求的闭环供应链网络中各成员利润最大化模型,利用均衡理论和变分不等式理论得到网络各成员的均衡条件,最终得到整个闭环供应链网络的均衡.通过求解满足等式约束变分不等式的对数二次逼近预测校正法(LQP-PC)得到闭环供应链网络各成员利润最大化的均衡采购量,交易量,新产品和旧货需求市场的价格.最后通过算例及对废旧产品分配比率灵敏度分析,说明了废旧产品分类管理的重要性.     

考虑再利用需求的垃圾回收处理优化模型

垃圾回收处理是建设资源节约和环境友好形社会(即两型社会)的基本要求.本文利用逆向物流管理优化方法研究带确定性日回收垃圾处理问题,对经过垃圾处理中心处理过后的垃圾分全部或部分可被再利用两种情形,建立了垃圾回收相关企业成本最小的约束优化模型.该模型是0-1整数规划模型,能够直接在LINGO软件平台上求解.应用实例验证了模型的效用.     

考虑废旧品质量的混合回收渠道下闭环供应链定价研究

为确定闭环供应链成员的最优定价,对由一个制造商、零售商和第三方回收商组成的闭环供应链系统进行研究.在系统中,零售商负责产品的正向销售;制造商、零售商和第三方回收商共同回收废旧品,都根据废旧品质量高低制定不同的回收价格;制造商对质量低的废旧品进行再制造,对质量高的废旧品进行翻新.分别在分散决策和集中决策下构建了成员及系统利润模型,并进行分析比较.结果表明:闭环供应链在集中决策下获得较高的利润.最后算例分析显示:制造商、零售商、第三方回收商和系统利润都会随着消费者环保意识水平的增加而增加.并引入利润差分享系数,分析集中决策下其对闭环供应链成员利润的影响.     

政府规制下的第三方废旧手机回收演化博弈分析

为研究废旧手机回收的政府决策问题,构建政府与第三方回收商行为决策的演化博弈模型,并对模型的稳定性进行了分析,在此基础上研究了政府对第三方回收商回收行为的动态惩罚和补偿策略,分析了政府与第三方回收商回收策略的互动机制.结果表明:政府对第三方回收商回收行为选择的相对应的回收策略的奖惩程度、第三方回收商选择的回收策略的成本与收益均直接影响演化博弈结果;当政府对第三方回收商选择相对应的动态惩罚或补偿策略时,演化博弈存在稳定Nash均衡点.     

基于回收风险的闭环供应链回收与定价策略研究

针对制造商唯一寡头垄断市场竞争结构,考虑回收风险,分别对制造商自行回收废旧产品的集成闭环供应链、第三方回收商回收废旧产品的分散闭环供应链进行建模,并设计不同的契约机制来协调分散闭环供应链的运行,通过分析,给出不同供应链运作模式下最优定价决策的条件.数值实验的结果则进一步验证回购价格、回收风险对闭环供应链最优解的影响.研究结果表明:企业产品定价要考虑闭环供应链结构、协调契约机制的设计两因素,且回收风险越低,产品定价越低;收益共享契约可实现分散闭环供应链的pareto改进,且同时提高消费者剩余;消费者为获得废旧产品的最高回报,其所退回的废旧产品质量不能过高也不能过低;企业应采取措施来控制回收风险,这将有利于成员企业利润、供应链整体效益的改善,并同时增进消费者剩余.     

现代物流业与其相关产业灰色关联度研究——基于山西省的实证分析

结合山西省2002～2006年的相关行业生产总值增加值,运用灰色系统理论方法,得到山西省现代物流业与相关产业的灰色关联系数,按照关联度的不同排序,对山西省发展现代物流业提出了切实可行的政策建议.     

基于灰色预测模型的山西省批发零售业人员需求分析

以灰色预测模型GM(1,1)的原理与方法为基础,以山西省2010-2014年批发零售业从业人员数为依据.对山西省未来五年的批发零售业人员需求量进行预测,预测结果为山西省未来的产业政策与就业政策的制定提供参考.     

Integrated planning of transportation and recycling for multiple plants based on process simulation

By-products accrue in all stages of industrial production networks. Legal requirements, shortening of primary resources and their increasing prices make their recycling more and more important. For the re-integration into the economic cycle the scope of common supply chain management is enlarged and so-called closed-loop supply chains with adapted and new planning tasks are developed. In process industries this requires a detailed modelling of the recycling processes. This is of special relevance for operational planning tasks in which an optimal usage of a given production system is envisaged. This contribution presents an integrated planning approach for a real-world case study from the zinc industry to achieve such an adequate process modelling. We consider the planning problem of a company that operates four metallurgical recycling plants and has to allocate residues from different sources to these recycling sites. The allocation determines the raw material mix used in the plants. This blending has an effect on the transportation costs and the costs and revenues of the individual technical processes in the recycling plants. Therefore in this problem transportation and recycling planning for multiple sites have to be regarded in an integrated way. The necessary detailed process modelling is achieved by the use of a flowsheet process simulation system to model each recycling plant individually. The models are used to derive linear input–output functions by multiple linear regression analyses. These are used in an integrated planning model to calculate the decision-relevant input and output flows that are dependent upon the allocation of the residues to the recycling sites. The model is embedded in a decision support system for the operational use. An example application and sensitivity analyses demonstrate and validate the approach and its potentials. The approach is transferable to other recycling processes as well as to other processes in process industries.     

Sub-shot-noise measurement for slight absorption

Sub-shot-noise measurement for slight absorption is experimentally achieved with the twin beams of quantum correlation. The improvement in signal-to-noise ratio of 2.5 dB relative to the SNL is obtained. The experimental results demonstrate the predictions of the semi-classical theory. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 69438010). the Science Foundation of Shanxi Province and the Science Foundation of Shanxi Province for the Scientists Coming Back from Overseas.     

Determining optimal resource recycling boundary at regional level: A case study on Tokyo Metropolitan Area in Japan

Conventionally, material inputs to industries come from either natural resources or intermediate products. With the increasing attention on greening the industrial process, municipal solid waste (MSW) can be separated and utilized as inputs to large-scale industries. As such, waste flows need to be managed to meet the requirements of industries by considering both quality and scale. Small scales of municipal recycling centers (MRCs) for pre-treating recyclable wastes often lead to higher pre-treatment cost and lower recycling efficiencies. Theoretically, appropriate facility scale and recycling boundary should be based upon a balanced consideration between economies of scale and transportation costs. However, only a few empirical studies on recycling boundaries have been conducted. Existing modeling studies are mostly case studies for planning purposes and do not theoretically examine the mechanisms and factors that determine recycling boundary. Under such a circumstance, this paper fills such a gap by quantitatively seeking the determinants for recycling boundaries and the related mechanism. An optimization model applying on the recycling of waste plastics is developed and tested in the Tokyo Metropolitan Region (TMR) in Japan. The results indicate two determinants for recycling boundary at the regional level: spatial density of separated wastes and the ratio of unit transportation cost to unit treatment cost. Separated wastes that are collected in low spatial density and have a low ratio of unit transportation cost to unit treatment cost should be better recycled in a large region. The finding implies that regional recycling networks should have multiple layers designed for different types of wastes due to the differences in their spatial density, unit transportation cost and unit treatment cost.     

LINEARIZED OSCILLATIONS OF DELAY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND APPLICATIONS

The necessary and sufficient conditions for the oscillations of every solution of the nonlinear delay equation x(t) f(x(t l)) g(x([t-k]))=0 are oblained.     

考虑缺货的闭环供应链选址-库存-路径集成优化

再制造是企业实现环境友好、提升经济效益的重要策略之一;再制造的发展推动了新商业模式的出现,即产品服务系统;高效的再制造物流网络对于成功实施再制造十分重要。本文研究了基于产品服务系统下的再制造物流网络集成优化问题,即闭环供应链的选址-库存-路径的集成优化决策问题,且在库存策略中允许库存出现缺货的情况;论文基于产品服务系统模式构建了混合非线性规划模型来最小化生产、选址、配送、库存以及缺货成本,并采用了改进的禁忌搜索算法进行求解。通过与传统禁忌搜索算法的计算结果进行对比,表明本文中的算法能在可接受的时间内得到较优解。通过算例的敏感性分析得出,企业所服务的顾客如果接受再制造产品,提高回收率可以节约成本;在回收率一定时,客户在缺货情形下的制造和再制造批量比不允许缺货时要大,企业总成本比不允许缺货时要小。     

Reverse logistics facility location using cyclical model of extended MRP theory

Grubbström’s well-developed MRP Theory has been mostly used in modeling production processes. Global supply chains also contain distribution, consumption and recycling processes. For this reason theory was recently further extended to incorporate all kinds of activities. Such extended model, which consists of four main sub-systems, is closed and can be used for several detailed analyses. Since the importance of reverse logistics is increasing, this paper will focus on parameters which determine Net Present Value of the whole system, depending on geographical location of recycling facilities. We will show how lead times, transportation costs, setup costs and price of labor and energy of individual location contribute to overall NPV of the system.     

城市循环经济发展评价的数学模型及实证分析

在一些相关文件的基础上构建了循环经济评价的指标体系,为循环经济评价提供了综合的数学模型.运用该模型对2010年山西省11个地级市的循环经济发展水平作了测算分析.     

基于最大最小蚂蚁系统的物流配送中心选址算法的研究

提出了一种基于信息素自适应调节的最大最小蚂蚁系统的多物流配送中心选址算法,利用改进的蚁群算法的路径寻优机制结合蚂蚁聚集尸体的行为模式,根据物流配送总成本最低的原则将各配送点与候选配送中心进行聚类,合理选择配送中心。将已有物流配送模型进行拓展,加入经营管理成本。分别利用基本蚁群聚类算法和改进的蚁群聚类算法对配送中心选址进行仿真,实验结果表明在解决大规模配送中心选址问题时,改进的算法在解的质量和收敛速度方面明显优于基本蚁群聚类算法。