Pt/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2的催化性能及其氧移动性的 18O 同位素交换表征

 采用浸渍法制备了Pt/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2催化剂,考察了催化剂对乙醇及CO的氧化活性,并采用 18O 同位素交换、乙醇程序升温表面反应(C2H5OH-TPSR)、一氧化碳程序升温脱附(CO-TPD)和程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等技术对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, Pt/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2催化剂表现出较高的乙醇和CO氧化活性,其催化活性随着Pt负载量的增加而提高. 当Pt负载量为3%时,活性最高. 继续增加Pt负载量,催化剂活性下降. C2H5OH-TPSR和CO-TPD结果表明,催化剂对乙醇或CO的氧化活性与从催化剂表面脱附出来的CO2量有对应关系, CO2脱附量越大,催化剂活性越高. 18O 同位素交换结果表明,表面氧交换能力与其氧化活性有一定对应关系,催化剂的表面氧交换能力越高,氧化活性越高.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of a Sandwich-type Tungstophosphate,(1,3-H2dap)8H4[Co4(H2O)2(α-B-PW9O34)2] 2·5H2O

<正>A sandwich-type tungstophosphate, (1,3-H_2dap)_8H_4[Co_4(H_2O)_2(α-B- PW_9O_(34))_2]_2·5H_2O (1,3-dap = 1,3-diaminopropane), was hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR and UV spectroscopy. The title compound crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1 with a = 13.691(3), b = 17.744(4), c = 20.620(5), α =113.466(5), β = 91.184(5), γ = 104.223(5)°, V = 4414.3(17)~3, C_(24)H_(96)Co_8N_(16)O_(145)P_4W_(36), M_r = 10143.09, D_c = 3.816 g/cm~3, μ(MoKα) = 24.210 mm~(-1), F(000) = 4452, Z = 1, the final R = 0.0694 and wR = 0.1519 for 9910 observed reflections (I > 2σ(I)). The compound consists of two sets of tetra-transition metal-substituted sandwich frameworks, [Co_4(H_2O)_2(α-B-PW_9O_(34))_2]~(10-) having an inversion centre. Two lacunary α-B-[PW_9O_(34)]~(9-) Keggin units are linked by a rhomb-like Co_4O_(14)(H_2O)_2 cluster, in which the Co~(2+) ions are coordinated by one water molecule. Isolatedly protonated 1,3-H2dap~(2+) units act as counter-ions to interact with the [Co_4(H_2O)_2(α-B-PW_9O_(34))_2]~(10-) heteropolyanions via hydrogen bonds, resulting in a three-dimensional framework.     

Quasi－aromaticity in Cluster Chemistry Ⅱ． Localized Molecular Orbital Studies on 〔Co_6（CO）_（14）〕~（4－） and 〔Ni_2Co_4（CO）_（14）〕~（2－） Cluster Anions

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钛掺杂对LiNi0.75Co0.25O2结构与性能的影响

应用溶胶-凝胶法合成LiNi(0.75-x)Co0.25TixO2(x=0,0.1,0.25)系列正极材料,其结构、形貌、粒度、电化学性能由TG、XRD、SEM和电池充放电测试表征研究表明,材料的电化学性能与钛掺杂量密切相关.在钴含量不变的情况下,随着Ti含量(x)的增加,材料由六方层状结构逐渐向立方结构转变,x=0.25时,出现了立方相与六方相共存.根据实验和理论计算结果简要讨论了钛掺杂对正极材料LiNi0.75Co0.25O2结构和电化学性能的影响.     

Synthesis,Structure and Luminescence of a 1-D Chain of Copper(Ⅰ) Cyanide Decorated by Triphenylphosphine

A new wave-like infinite chain coordination polymer [Cu3(CN)3(PPh3)4]n(1,PPh3=triphenylphosphine) has been synthesized by solution reaction and characterized by X-ray single-crystal structure diffraction analysis.The complex crystallizes in space group P1 with a=13.343(6),b=13.429(7),c=20.694(10),α=103.163(4),β=96.704(5),γ=101.981(6)o,V=3479(3)3,Z=2,C75H60Cu3N3P4,Mr=1317.76,Dc=1.258 g/cm3,F(000)=1356,μ=1.043 mm-1,the final R=0.0680 and wR=0.1305 for 9232 observed reflections with I2σ(I).The infinite chain is linked by C-H…π H bonding interactions to form a 2-D supramolecular network.Luminescent study reveals that the complex has green-light emission.     

——>——>双核钴簇合物(C6H5CO2CH2C)2Co2(CO)6的合成与结构

The cluster (C_6H_5CO_2CH_2C)_2Co_2(CO)_6 has been synthesized and characterized by element analysis, IR, ~1H NMR etc. Its crystal structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis with R=0.060. The crystal is triclinic, space group P_1 with a=0.8933(3) nm, b=1.1830(6) nm, c=1.3199(3) nm, α=65.64(3)°, β=84.55(3)°, γ=72.03(4)°, z=2, D_x=1.584 g cm~(-1) The C≡C and Co-Co form a tetrahedron with appoximate C_(2V) symmetry. The Co-Co bond is metl singal bond. The hybrid state of carbon atoms in the acetylene is between sp and sp~2.     

Rh基催化剂上CO加氢制C2含氧化合物的红外光谱研究

 用红外光谱法考察了Rh-Mn-Li-Ti/SiO2催化剂在CO加氢反应过程中表面吸附物种随压力、温度和H2/CO比的改变而变化的规律. 结果表明,高压有利于提高催化剂表面吸附的CO浓度和活性,高温有利于CO解离; 而高温、高压条件不但促进了CO吸附,而且提高并平衡了CO的解离和插入之间的相对活性,促进了C2含氧化合物的生成. H2/CO比的增大有利于CO在催化剂表面的吸附,从而促进了CO插入,尤其是CO的解离和加氢活性,但是过高的H2/CO比将导致过高的CO解离和加氢活性,引起CO插入活性的削弱而最终导致C2含氧化合物生成活性的下降. 同时,考察了助剂(Mn, Li和Ti)对Rh基催化剂表面吸附物种的影响. 结果表明,助剂的加入可提高C2含氧化合物的生成活性.     

Synthesis,Structure and Fluorescence of Olefin-Copper(Ⅰ) Coordination Polymers

The organic olefin ligand 2,5-dimethyl-1-(4-vinyl-benzyl)-piperazine reacts with CuX(X = Cl, Br) to obtain two novel olefin-copper(I) coordination polymers [C_(15)H_(22)N_2Cu_2Cl_3]n(1) and [C_(15)H_(20)N_2Cu_2Br_2]n(2). There are two types of CuX warp structures that have never been seen before in the presence of methanol under solvothermal conditions. The new olefin-copper(I) coordination complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c to obtain compounds 1 and 2. Its unique green fluorescence effect can be applied to the LED field.     

Ni基催化剂上CH4、C2H6和C2H4的裂解积炭性能

采用脉冲微反技术研究了添加半导体氧化物对Ni基催化剂上CH4、C2H6和C2H4的裂解积炭反应特性的影响。结果表明,n型半导体CeO2的添加降低了CH4和C2H6的积炭活性,而p型半导体Co3O4的添加则加速CH4和C2H6的裂解积炭;而对于与CH4和C2H6活化机制不同的C2H4分子的活化,上述影响机制正好相反,n型半导体CeO2的添加促进C2H4的裂解积炭反应,而p型半导体Co3O4的添加则抑制C2H4的裂解积炭反应。XPS分析表明,活性金属Ni与半导体氧化物之间存在的金属 半导体相互作用是这种影响机制的主要因素。     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Cobalt(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymer: [Co(C2O4)(bix)]n (bix=1,4-Bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-benzene)

<正>A new two-dimensional cobalt coordination polymer has been prepared and fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TG and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound [Co(C_2O_4)(bix)]_n 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c, with a = 11.549(3), b = 15.700(3), c = 9.260(2), β = 102.984(3)°, V = 1636.0(6)~3, C_(16)H_(14)CoN_4O_4, M_r = 383.23, D_c = 1.556 g/cm~3, μ(MoKα) = 1.078 mm~(-1), F(000) = 780, Z = 4, the final R = 0.0455 and wR = 0.1286 for 1483 observed reflections (I > 2σ(I)). Of the compound, the Co center is octahedrally coordinated with oxalate acting as a tetra-dentate ligand coordinated to the cobalt atom and each bix serving as a bridging ligand by employing two N-donors to coordinate with the Co center. An infinite {Co_2(C_2O_4)_2}_∞ chain is formed along the a axis. Furthermore, the 1D chains are held together via bix ligands to generate a two-dimensional network structure with 1D coronal-like channels (ca. 5.691 × 15.700).     

Quasi－aromaticity in Cluster Chemistry Ⅲ． Localized Molecular Orbital Study on Electron－rich Cobalt－sulfur Cluster Compounds ［Co_6（μ_3－X）_8L_6］~（n＋） （X＝S，Se；L＝PPh_3，PEt_3，CO；n＝0，1）

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Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Luminescent Property of a New Copper (Ⅰ) Iodide Complex Based on 3,5-Dimethy1-4-amino-triazole

The title compound, [Cu_4I_4(C_4H_8N_4)_4], has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group Pbca, with α =18.1851(10), b = 9.3697(5), c = 19.8034(10)(A), V= 3374.3(3) (A)~3, C_(16)H_(32)Cu_4I_4N_(16), M_r = 1210.34, Z= 4, Dc= 2.383 g/cm~3,μ = 6.183 mm~(-1), F(000) = 2272, S = 1.032, the final R = 0.0309 and wR =0.1180 for 3854 observer reflections (I＞ 2σ(I)). The structure of the title compound consists of tetranuclear copper cluster units bridged by the halogen atoms with the 3,5-dimethyl-4-aminotriazole ligands coordinated to the metal ions through the triazole nitrogen atoms. The luminescent property of 1 was also studied.     

Activation of Au/TiO2 catalyst for CO oxidation

Changes in a Au/TiO(2) catalyst during the activation process from an as-prepared state, consisting of supported AuO(x)(OH)(4-2x)(-) species, were monitored with X-ray absorption spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy, complemented with XPS, microcalorimetry, and TEM characterization. When the catalyst was activated with H(2) pulses at 298 K, there was an induction period when little changes were detected. This was followed by a period of increasing rate of reduction of Au(3+) to Au(0), before the reduction rate decreased until the sample was fully reduced. A similar trend in the activation process was observed if CO pulses at 273 K or a steady flow of CO at about 240 K was used to activate the sample. With both activation procedures, the CO oxidation activity of the catalyst at 195 K increased with the degree of reduction up to 70% reduction, and decreased slightly beyond 80% reduction. The results were consistent with metallic Au being necessary for catalytic activity.     

Copper Carboxylate-phosphonates: Syntheses,Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties

Two novel copper carboxyly-phosphonates, namely, Cu_(2.5)(5-pnc)(SO_4)_(0.5)(OH)(H_2O)_(0.5)(1) and Cu_(0.5)(5-pncH_2)(H_2O)_(1.5)(2)(5-pncH_3 = 5-phosphono-1-naphthalenecarboxylic acid), have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. In compound 1, each {PO_3C} tetrahedron is corner-shared with two {Cu(1)O_4}, two {Cu(2)O_5} and one {Cu(3)O_5},thus forming a one-dimensional inorganic chain along the c axis containing 8-membered rings of [Cu_3O_4S] and 19-membered cages of [Cu_5O_(10)P_4]. The inorganic chains are further connected by a 5-pnc~(3-) ligand to generate a three-dimensional framework. Compound 2 exhibits a one-dimensional structure, in which the inorganic chains of [Cu-O-Cu]_n are connected by the organic ligands through hydrogen bonding interactions, forming an infinite two-dimensional layer. Magnetic measurements of 1 indicate that dominant antiferromagnetic interactions are mediated between the Cu~(2+) centers.     

Thermokinetic study of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis on Fe2Cu1 and FeCu surfaces with comparison to Fe(110) and Cu(111) catalysts by the UBI-QEP method

The purpose of this study is to predict the activation barriers and enthalpy for elementary steps in the process of Fischer–Tropsch (F-T) on the surfaces of Fe(110), Cu(111) and Fe/Cu alloys catalyst using “Unity Bond Index-Quadratic Exponential Potential” method aimed at predicting the activity and selectivity on the basis of energy criteria. The elementary steps, such as dissociation of CO, hydrogenation of carbidic carbon, C–C chain growth by insertion of CH₂ versus CO into the metal-alkyl bonds, and chain termination, which lead to hydrocarbons (alkanes versus α-olefins) or oxygenates are discussed in detail. The results show that metallic Fe(110) is necessary to produce the carbidic carbon from CO dissociation, but the synthesis of hydrocarbons and oxygenates can effectively proceed on Cu(111) surface. For optimum performance of F-T synthesis catalyst, these conflicting properties must be optimized. In this regard, we studied Fe/Cu alloy catalyst. On all the catalyst surfaces, the energetically preferred path to initiate the alkyl chain growth is via insertion of a CH_2,s group into the carbon–metal bond of a CH_3,s group. On FeCu catalyst surface, the activation barrier for termination of alkyl chain growth by β-elimination of hydrogen is found to be lower than that for α-addition of hydrogen and consequently for this catalyst, olefins are expected to form more readily than paraffins. The results of the model for a single metal surface are in agreement with the experimental data.     

Effect of nano-particle size on product distribution and kinetic parameters of Fe/Cu/La catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

Effects of nano-particle size on hydrocarbon production rates and distributions for precipitated Fe/Cu/La catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis were investigated. Nano-structured iron catalyst was prepared by micro-emulsion method. The concept of two superimposed Anderson-Schulz-Flory (ASF) distributions has been applied for the representation of the effects of reaction conditions and nano-particles size on kinetics parameters and product distributions. These results reveal that by reducing the particle size of catalyst, the break in ASF distributions was decreased. Also useful different kinetics equations for synthesis of C_3 to C_9 and C_(10) to C_(22) were determined by using α_1 and α_2 chain growth probabilities.     

改善Rh基催化剂上CO加氢生成C2含氧化物性能的本质及途径

 从CO加氢反应的热力学出发,分析了C2含氧化合物生成反应的途径和机理,阐述了改善Rh基催化剂上生成C2含氧化合物性能的本质以及实现的途径. 结果显示,相对于CO加氢生成烃类的反应,乙醇、乙醛和乙酸等C2含氧化合物的生成在热力学上是极为不利的; 最重要、最有效的提高C2含氧化合物生成活性的手段是开发具有高选择性的催化剂. 通过对浸渍方法和还原条件的选择,适当地抑制了Rh-Mn-Li-Fe/SiO2催化剂加氢活性,最终改善了催化剂的加氢性能,使得甲烷选择性降至6.3%, 而生成C2含氧化合物的选择性达到91.6%, 且保持有较高的时空收率.     

Sr2GaScO5, Sr10Ga6Sc4O25, and SrGa0.75Sc0.25O2.5: a play in the octahedra to tetrahedra ratio in oxygen-deficient perovskites

Three different perovskite-related phases were isolated in the SrGa(1-x)Sc(x)O(2.5) system: Sr(2)GaScO(5), Sr(10)Ga(6)Sc(4)O(25), and SrGa(0.75)Sc(0.25)O(2.5). Sr(2)GaScO(5) (x = 0.5) crystallizes in a brownmillerite-type structure [space group (S.G.) Icmm, a = 5.91048(5) ?, b = 15.1594(1) ?, and c = 5.70926(4) ?] with complete ordering of Sc(3+) and Ga(3+) over octahedral and tetrahedral positions, respectively. The crystal structure of Sr(10)Ga(6)Sc(4)O(25) (x = 0.4) was determined by the Monte Carlo method and refined using a combination of X-ray, neutron, and electron diffraction data [S.G. I4(1)/a, a = 17.517(1) ?, c = 32.830(3) ?]. It represents a novel type of ordering of the B cations and oxygen vacancies in perovskites. The crystal structure of Sr(10)Ga(6)Sc(4)O(25) can be described as a stacking of eight perovskite layers along the c axis ...[-(Sc/Ga)O(1.6)-SrO(0.8)-(Sc/Ga)O(1.8)-SrO(0.8)-](2).... Similar to Sr(2)GaScO(5), this structure features a complete ordering of the Sc(3+) and Ga(3+) cations over octahedral and tetrahedral positions, respectively, within each layer. A specific feature of the crystal structure of Sr(10)Ga(6)Sc(4)O(25) is that one-third of the tetrahedra have one vertex not connected with other Sc/Ga cations. Further partial replacement of Sc(3+) by Ga(3+) leads to the formation of the cubic perovskite phase SrGa(0.75)Sc(0.25)O(2.5) (x = 0.25) with a = 3.9817(4) ?. This compound incorporates water molecules in the structure forming SrGa(0.75)Sc(0.25)O(2.5)·xH(2)O hydrate, which exhibits a proton conductivity of ～2.0 × 10(-6) S/cm at 673 K.     

Sonochemical synthesis of Ce(1-x)Fe(x)O(2-δ) (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.45) and Ce(0.65)Fe(0.33)Pd(0.02)O(2-δ) nanocrystallites: oxygen storage material, CO oxidation and water gas shift catalyst

Nanocrystalline Ce(1-x)Fe(x)O(2-δ) (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.45) and Ce(0.65)Fe(0.33)Pd(0.02)O(2-δ) of ~4 nm sizes were synthesized by a sonochemical method using diethyletriamine (DETA) as a complexing agent. Compounds were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ce(1-x)Fe(x)O(2-δ) (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.45) and Ce(0.65)Fe(0.33)Pd(0.02)O(2-δ) crystallize in fluorite structure where Fe is in +3, Ce is in +4 and Pd is in +2 oxidation state. Due to substitution of smaller Fe(3+) ion in CeO(2), lattice oxygen is activated and 33% Fe substituted CeO(2)i.e. Ce(0.67)Fe(0.33)O(1.835) reversibly releases 0.31[O] up to 600 °C which is higher or comparable to the oxygen storage capacity of CeO(2)-ZrO(2) based solid solutions (Catal. Today 2002, 74, 225-234). Due to interaction of redox potentials of Pd(2+/0)(0.89 V) and Fe(3+/2+) (0.77 V) with Ce(4+/3+) (1.61 V), Pd ion accelerates the electron transfer from Fe(2+) to Ce(4+) in Ce(0.65)Fe(0.33)Pd(0.02)O(1.815), making it a high oxygen storage material as well as a highly active catalyst for CO oxidation and water gas shift reaction. The activation energy for CO oxidation with Ce(0.65)Fe(0.33)Pd(0.02)O(1.815) is found to be as low as 38 kJ mol(-1). Ce(0.67)Fe(0.33)O(1.835) and Ce(0.65)Fe(0.33)Pd(0.02)O(1.815) have also shown high activity for the water gas shift reaction. CO conversion to CO(2) is 100% H(2) specific with these catalysts and conversion rate was found to be as high 27.2 μmoles g(-1) s(-1) and the activation energy was found to be 46.4 kJ mol(-1) for Ce(0.65)Fe(0.33)Pd(0.02)O(1.815).     

Co/SiO2催化剂催化费托合成中CeO2助剂的作用

 在Co/SiO2催化剂中加入少量CeO2助剂, 能够提高其催化费托(FT)反应的活性和液态烃(Ｃ5+)的选择性,特别是可以生成优质的高附加值柴油及润滑油基础油(C12+), 但助剂CeO2对Co/SiO2催化剂的作用目前仍存在争议. 本文利用X射线衍射、程序升温还原、程序升温脱附、程序升温表面反应、 X射线光电子能谱、扫描电镜和同位素脉冲反应结合H-D同位素交换等方法对催化剂进行了表征,并采用微反评价考察了催化剂的催化性能. 表征结果表明,少量CeO2助剂的添加提高了活性组分Co在催化剂表面的分散度,降低了催化剂表面Co的晶粒度,使催化剂对CO和H2的吸附性能发生了改变. 同位素脉冲反应结合H-D交换实验表明, CeO2的添加减弱了Co的金属性,提高了其吸附解离氢的能力和CO吸附量,增大了催化剂表面活性碳物种的浓度和聚合趋势,使FT合成的碳链增长几率增大至0.90, 产物中液态烃选择性和重质烃含量明显增加,说明CeO2的加入有利于生成高附加值的柴油和润滑油基础油.