基于工程教育认证的专业核心课程复杂工程问题案例式教学模式探究——以《高分子物理》为例

在工科专业工程教育认证的要求下,通过专业课培养学生解决复杂工程问题的能力成为落实毕业要求达成的关键,但如何提炼与专业相关的复杂工程问题,并渗透教学过程,成为当前专业课教学的普遍难题。《高分子物理》是高分子材料与工程专业的核心基础课程之一,本文以《高分子物理》为例,围绕毕业要求设置了面向产出的课程目标,并通过对复杂工程活动的真实场景进行提炼与模拟,形成了复杂工程问题案例库,建立了高分子物理复杂工程问题案例式课堂教学模式。教学改革实践表明,案例式课堂教学在培养学生解决复杂工程问题的能力方面取得了良好的效果。     

工程教育专业认证背景下《高分子科学实验》课程改革的探索

工程教育专业认证是国际通行的工程教育质量保障制度,也是实现工程教育国际互认和工程师资格国际互认的重要基础。本文以浙江工业大学材料科学与工程学院《高分子科学实验》课程为例,提出了在工程教育专业认证背景下该课程的改革方案。首先分析了高分子科学实验课程现存的问题,然后从制定符合工程教育认证要求的教学大纲、实验项目和实验内容的优化、授课模式的改革及考核方式的完善四个方面进行了改革探索。最终在整合教学内容、丰富教学模式、提高大型仪器设备的利用率、加大对学生实验的过程性评价等方面获得了初步成效。建立了符合工程教育专业认证要求的实验课程体系。     

基于专业认证的“高分子浆料浆纱工艺综合实验”课程教学改革

根据工程教育专业认证要求,分析“高分子浆料浆纱工艺综合实验”课程教学的现状及存在问题,基于专业认证视角,提出该实验课程改革的思路和方法.为更好地适应专业认证要求,增强学生解决复杂工程问题的能力,明确了该课程支撑的毕业要求和课程指标点,更新了教学大纲、实验设备,新增浆料制备,以及浆液、浆膜性能测试等实验教学环节,增加设计...     

基于工程教育专业认证构建一致化的教学大纲——以高分子物理课程为例

作为课程运行的指挥棒,传统课程大纲难以满足工程教育专业认证的要求,重建课程大纲迫在眉睫。基于工程认证标准,笔者以高分子物理课程为例,制定了标准的教学大纲,实现教学环节、学习活动和评价方式构建一致化。1)根据课程可支撑的毕业指标点,设立了定位准确、支撑强度合理的课程目标;2)细化了与课程目标对接的课程内容和教学环节;3)设置了课程考核方式和评分标准,科学量化学生学习效果。该标准化课程大纲不仅为达成课程目标提供了保障,而且为建立其他课程大纲树立了典范。     

工程教育专业认证视角下“高分子材料研究方法”课程教学改革与探索

"高分子材料研究方法"课程是高分子材料与工程专业必修的核心课程之一,具有理论与实践并重的特点。本文在工程教育专业认证视角下,主要从教学内容、教学形式与方法、课程评价、教学反馈等几个方面对课程进行改革与探索,通过理论学习与实践训练相结合,提高学生的理论基础和创新实践能力,培养学生形成基于高分子材料合成到表征,再到结论的科学研究方法,达成工程教育专业认证要求学生应该具备的能力和要求。     

工程教育认证背景下《高分子材料成型加工》教学模式探讨

随着高等工程教育改革和社会发展,工程教育认证已经在我国高等工程专业实施。工程教育认证是高等教育工程观的重要转变,主要倡导学生中心、产出导向、持续改进三个基本理念。本文介绍了常州大学高分子材料与工程专业的专业核心课程高分子材料成型加工的建设与教学改革做法,以学生为中心,以毕业要求达成为目标,从教学目的、教学内容、教学方法和手段、持续改进等方面深程度对课程进行改革与实践,积极探索以学生为主体的教学新模式。     

工程认证背景下高分子材料与工程专业实验教学的改革初探

基于专业认证视角,分析了高分子材料与工程专业实验教学的现状及存在问题,提出了改革实验实践课程的具体举措.遵循工程认证的三个核心理念(以学生为中心、产出导向、持续改进),聚焦学生解决复杂工程问题能力的培养,我校本专业对课程体系进行调整,构建了"链条式"实验课程体系,促进理论与实践的无缝对接;对实验课程实施过程性评价,建立...     

基于专业认证的“高分子材料与工程专业实验”课程教学改革

从工程教育专业认证要求出发,分析"高分子材料与工程专业实验"实验教学的现状及存在问题,基于专业认证视角,提出该实验课程改革的思路和方法。为更好地适应专业认证的要求,提高学生解决复杂工程问题的能力,明确了该实验课程支撑的毕业要求和指标点,在现有实验教学内容基础上,新增了与经济、环保相关度更高的实验项目,提高设计性和开放创新性实验比例,并增加了实验过程的动态评价,在提高学生解决复杂工程问题能力的同时,实现了实验教学的可持续发展。     

高分子化学课程教学改革与实践初探

高分子化学是高分子材料专业最重要的专业技术基础课之一,既包含了理论基础知识,又注重实验教学。《高分子化学》作为贵州大学高分子材料与工程专业的主干课之一,作者针对高分子化学课程教学内容多、概念多、推导多、关联多等问题,对高分子化学教学现状进行了分析,从教学体系、教学内容、教学方法、考核方式、教材编写等多个方面提出了课程教学改革的一些见解。实践表明,高分子化学课程教学改革与实践探索在激发学生兴趣,提高学生的综合能力上已经初见成效。     

应用型高校《高分子材料》课程实践教学模式改革探索

《高分子材料》课程是高分子材料与工程专业的一门必修课,是学生了解和掌握高分子材料专业知识的基础课程。本文通过对高分子材料与工程专业的《高分子材料》课程教学方式和考核方式的改革,探索了在课程中引入材料重要性讨论、市场调研、大作业演讲、企业和行业协会人员进教室等方式提高学生服务地方能力。在加入这些实践元素的同时,探索了对考核方式的改进和完善,激发了学生的学习兴趣,提高了学习效果。这种教学模式值得在本专业相似的课程中推广。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。