连续电提取浓缩技术

电去离子技术结合了电渗析和离子交换使离子在树脂中瞬时积累、降低体系电阻、电极上水解产生氢离子与氢氧根离子使树脂在线再生,以去除离子为目的制备纯水和高纯水. 这些被去除的离子在浓室中富集,可发展一种新型浓缩分离提取技术,现已逐渐应用于微量重金属、稀有金属、营养盐、有机酸碱,甚至气体的回收. 本文论述了这一连续电提取浓缩技术的原理及应用并探讨发展趋势,以期引起电化学研究工作者的关注.     

电驱动与阳离子交换膜在脱氧核糖核酸捕获浓缩中的应用

基于电驱动特性与离子交换膜的选择透过性,构建了新型、无损伤的脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)捕获浓缩装置。以λ-DNA为模型化合物,探究其在自组装装置中的富集特性,优化了实验条件,对浓缩液进行凝胶电泳实验以考察DNA是否变性,并进行聚合酶链反应,以证明本方法回收的DNA可供进一步的生物分析。结果表明:本装置在低电压条件下能够无损伤地捕获DNA,浓缩液可用于进一步的生物分析,DNA的富集倍数达62倍,回收率达46%。本方法操作简便,避免使用大量有机试剂,微型化可与生物芯片联用,在DNA萃取、纯化与浓缩领域有较大的应用空间。     

介绍一种真空薄膜浓缩方法

介绍一种真空薄膜浓缩方法袁珂胡润淮（河南中医学院化学教研室４５０００３）浓缩是实验室及生产中经常使用的一种工艺操作，在化学化工、医药卫生、食品工业及化妆品工业等许多行业中用途甚广。尤其是对天然产物化学成分的研究，一般都要经过提取、浓缩、分离等过程，因...     

真空薄膜浓缩装置的研制及应用研究

介绍了真空薄膜浓缩装置的构造、特征、工作原理及使用方法,并将真空薄膜浓缩法与旋转薄膜浓缩法的工作效率及对热敏性成分含量的影响进行了比较研究。结果表明,两法相比,前者具有仪器容量大、浓缩速度快、浓缩液受热时间短、操作简单及工作效率高等优点。     

一种新的有机污染物采样装置

介绍了一种由类脂物和半透膜组成的采样装置,该装置可模拟生物监测可被生物订的有机污染物。将其用于监测大气、水体、沉积物中的多氯联苯（ＰＣＢｓ）、有机氯农药（ＯＣＰ）和多环芳烃（ＰＡＨｓ）时,结果满意。     

荷电膜的膜电位研究

膜电位是表征荷电膜传递现象的重要参数之一.本文简要介绍了膜电位理论基础,包括T.M.S.理论和不可逆热力学理论.分别阐述了关于离子交换膜、双极膜、两性膜以及复合膜的膜电位的最新进展,并提出今后的发展方向.     

自由溶液和筛分介质条件下芯片DNA瞬间等速电泳预浓缩的比较

利用芯片电泳方法考察瞬间等速电泳-筛分电泳偶联分析的结果,比较了自由溶液和筛分介质中DNA瞬间等速电泳的预浓缩效果.结果显示,相比较于筛分介质条件,自由溶液瞬间等速电泳有利于改善预浓缩和后续筛分电泳分离效果.对此结果的解释是:自由溶液条件下DNA迁移速度的提高可以延长瞬间等速电泳持续时间,有利于提高预浓缩效率.此外,样品压缩区带在自由溶液-筛分介质界面的二次富集也是预浓缩效果得到改善的原因之一.     

一种利用离子交换膜研制的电化学氧传感器

利用聚苯乙烯阴离子交换膜研制的金为催化剂，采用碱性体系的新型控制电位电解型氧传感克服了以往电化学氧传感器的缺点，具有响应时间快、稳定性好、噪声低、本底电流小、温度系数低等优点。     

壳聚糖交联膜电渗析法分离氟、氯、砷的研究

用壳聚糖交联膜电渗析方法，分离去除Ｃｌ－、Ｆ－以及ＡｓＯ－２，并考查了其分离的最佳条件，如槽电压、酸度、浓度等，并通过其对Ｃｌ－、Ｆ－的分离与目前极具权威的ＡＥＭ对Ｆ－、Ｃｌ－分离进行比较看出：两者的分离效果极为相近．所以把壳聚糖交联膜用于工业生产中前景可观．     

荷电膜的膜电位研究进展

膜电位的测定是表征荷电膜的传递现象的重要参数之一。本文简要介绍了膜电位理论基础,包括T. M. S.理论和不可逆热力学理论。分别阐述了关于离子交换膜、双极膜、两性膜以及复合膜的膜电位的最新进展,并提出今后的发展方向。     

基于电迁移率差异而分离的新型聚焦电泳技术

基于电迁移率差异而分离的新型聚焦电泳技术①陈东英林华水周勇亮毛秉伟谢兆雄卓向东田昭武＊（固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室及化学系厦门大学厦门３６１００５）毛细管区带电泳已成为十几年来发展最快的分离分析技术．Ｈｊｅｒｔéｎ于１９６７年在玻璃管中进行了自由...     

芯片毛细管电泳-激光诱导荧光-电荷耦合器件检测系统

采用自组建的芯片毛细管电泳－激光诱导荧光－电荷耦合器件（CCD）检测系统在数十秒内满意地分离了曙红和荧光素。设计了一种进样、分 离电路,可以有效地消除进样通道的样品溶液向分离通道的渗漏。解决了由这种渗漏所引起的电泳峰变宽、拖尾等问题。提高了芯片毛细管电泳的分辨率和分离效率。     

基于移动中和界面电泳酸碱滴定的新原理及装置

基于移动中和界面(MNB)概念,研制了一种基于电泳酸碱滴定(EABT)的新装置.其核心技术是在电泳管中建立MNB,通过对电泳管中的MNB在一定时间内迁移距离的测定,推测酸或碱的浓度.EABT实验表明:HCl浓度的对数值与MNB移动距离存在线性关系.此关系可用于检测未知酸的浓度;不同酸碱指示剂对EABT方法没有明显影响,这能有效避免在容量分析法中不同指示剂对判定终点断滴所造成的误差;EABT具有良好的精密性和稳定性,日内差和日间差的RSD值分别小于1.6％和3.8％.     

Electrophoresis of hydrophilic/hydrophobic rigid colloid with effects of relaxation and ion size

This article deals with a semi‐analytical study on the electrophoresis of charged spherical rigid colloid by considering the effects of relaxation and ion size. The particle surface is taken to be either hydrophilic or hydrophobic in nature. In order to consider the ion size effect we have invoked the Carnahan and Starling model (J. Chem. Phys. 1969, 51, 635‐636). The mathematical model is based on Stokes equation for fluid flow, modified Boltzmann equation for spatial distribution of ionic species and Poisson equation for electric potential. We adopt a linear perturbation technique under a weak electric field assumption. An iterative numerical technique in employed to solve the coupled set of perturbed equations. We have validated the numerically obtained electrophoretic mobility with the corresponding analytical solution derived under low potential limit. Going beyond the widely employed Debye‐Hückel linearization, we have presented the results for a wide range of surface charge density, electrolyte concentration, and slip length to Debye length ratio. We have also identified several interesting features including occurrence of local maxima and minima in the mobility for critical choice of pertinent parameters.     

In situ polymerization: A novel route for thermally stable proton-conductive membranes

In this paper, a new solvent-free route for preparing proton-conductive membranes is proposed. Flexible and fiber-supported polymer electrolyte membranes, as potential proton exchange membranes, were readily obtained by in situ polymerization of a homogenous solution that consisted of bromomethylated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (BPPO, polymer)–monomer mixtures of styrene (ST) and divinylbenzene (DVB), which was pre-cast onto SEFAR PETEX fibers. Factors such as the components of the casting solution and the sulfonation time, were fully investigated. The membrane structure and components were confirmed by FTIR-ATR spectra and SEM-EDXA images, and the thermal stability was examined via TGA and DrTGA. The membrane exhibited a proton conductivity of about 0.07 S/cm at 100% humidity and at room temperature, which is close to that of Nafion 117 at identical conditions (around 0.08 S/cm), whereas its thickness (about 120 μm) was less than that of Nafion 117. The tensile strength and the elongation at the break of the membrane were 31.2 MPa and 71%, respectively, which are several times higher than those of Nafion (about 6.16 MPa tensile strength and 36% elongation ratio). The dimensional change ratio of the membrane between the wet and dry states was below 3%, which is much lower than that of Nafion 117. The membrane showed a high thermal stability up to 400 °C. The method can be applied to other compatible systems of (aromatic) polymers and (aromatic) monomers.     

ELECTRODIALYTIC PRODUCTION OF HYPOPHOSPHOROUS ACID

Disclosed is a method of preparing hypophosphorous acid comprising contacting an insoluble anode with an aqueous solution of hypophosphite anions and applying a direct current through the insoluble anode to a cathode in electrical contact with the aqueous solution to generate H+ ions in the aqueous solution thereby forming a hypophosphorous acid solution. The process is simple,low cost and high efficient, which can be tied into an existing process for producing sodium hypophosphite wherein the product of sodium hypophosphite process is used as a starting material in the hypophosphorous acid process.     

ELECTRODIALYTIC PRODUCTION OF HYPOPHOSPHOROUS ACID

1. INTRODUCTIONHypophosphorous acid (H3PO2) also known as phosphinic acid, is currently a staple article of commerce which is sold by various companies for purposes such as the manufacture of hypophosphite salts, as well as to prevent the discoloration of phosphate esters, in esterification catalysts, and for the manufacture of cooling water treatment chemicals. It is also sold for use in metal finishing procedures, as a reducing agent for electroless plating, and as a sealer for phosphat…     

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ION EXCHANGE MEMBRANES BASED ON POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE

 A new ion exchange membrane based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and sulfonated poly(styrene- divinylbenzene) was prepared by in-situ polymerization. The incorporation of sulfonic groups into the polyvinylidene fluoride composite membrane was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy (IR), ion exchange capacity (IEC) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). Area resistance, IEC and water uptake of the treated membrane were evaluated. When 20% of the crosslinked membrane was sulfonated at 80°C for 22 h, the PVDF ion exchange membrane can attain 0.8 Ω·cm²area resistance in NaCl aqueous solution at 25℃, IEC is as high as 2.43 millimoles per gram of the wet membrane. The hydrophilicity of PVDF membrane is also significantly improved after treatment. When 60% of crosslinked membrane was sulfonated at 80 ℃ for 6 h, water uptake of the treated membrane can attain 64.7%.     

高效毛细管电泳的计时电位型检测器

将微恒电流施加于导电膜接口式毛细管电泳电化学计时电位型检测器的工作电极与辅助电极之间，记录工作电极－参比电极间的一阶倒导数计时电位信号，该信号的峰高与被测金属离子浓度在约3个数量级范围内呈线性关系；计时电位型检测器可检测碱金属离子和碱土金属离子，检出限为1－8μg/L。