同位素稀释-激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定生物组织样品中铁元素的含量

针对目前采用同位素稀释-激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ID-LA-ICP-MS)对固体生物组织切片样品难以实现原位准确定量的难题,本研究将同位素稀释法与LA-ICP-MS技术相结合,通过开展生物组织样品与浓缩稀释剂的同位素充分交换平衡、稀释剂添加方式、原位的同位素比测量等关键技术研究,确定了组织切片与同位素稀释剂的最佳平衡时间、稀释剂的质量以及选用甲醇作为稀释剂溶剂等实验条件,建立了基于同位素稀释技术的LA-ICP-MS技术在生物样品组织切片中Fe元素的微区定量分析方法,并采用实验室自行制备的均匀的山羊脑和牛肝组织切片标准样品对方法进行了验证,通过ID-LA-ICP-MS方法的测量结果与微波消解-同位素稀释方法的测量结果相一致,验证了该方法的有效性和可靠性。本方法可进一步应用于临床中生物组织切片样品中金属元素的原位、微区定量测量及成像分析。     

微波消解和直接溶解进样法测定板蓝根颗粒剂中六种金属元素的比较研究

目的使用微波消解和热酸溶液直接溶解板蓝根颗粒,运用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定这两种溶液中Fe、Zn、Cu、Mg、Ca和Mn 6种金属元素的含量。方法分别采用浓HNO3湿法微波消解和直接溶解板蓝根颗粒样品,用原子吸收分光光度计测定上述样品中6种金属元素含量。结果所测定的板蓝根颗粒中含有丰富的金属元素,两种前处理方法测定的结果相差很小。采用此法回收率在92.0%~110.0%之间,样品相对偏差小于3%。结论板蓝根颗粒中金属元素可作为人体元素的重要补充。     

稀释法快速测定人体血液和尿液中多种重金属元素

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS),建立了直接稀释测定人体血液和尿液中Cr、Mn、As、Se、Cd、Hg、Pb等7种重金属元素含量的方法。利用甲醇,异丙醇,正丁醇,1,4-丁二醇4种不同有机溶剂作为碳元素来源,改善实际样品和标准溶液之间的基体匹配。结果表明,稀释液(0.1%HNO3,0.1%2-巯基乙醇,0.1%Triton-X100)直接稀释血液和尿液,标准溶液中补偿体积分数1.5%的1,4-丁二醇作基体匹配后,ICP-MS测定,分析结果与标准参考值吻合,Se,Hg等元素加标回收率在90%～120%之间。该方法各元素检出限在0.01～0.1ng/mL之间;标准曲线线性相关系数大于0.9999;测量结果RSD3%。     

快速溶剂萃取-离子色谱-质谱法测定人体血液、尿液中的氟乙酸

建立了快速溶剂萃取-离子色谱-质谱法测定人体血液、尿液中氟乙酸的方法。以去离子水为萃取溶剂，使用快速溶剂萃取仪处理血液和尿液样品，取上清液依次经超滤管和0.22μm水相针式滤膜净化，稀释50倍后进样检测。采用Ion Pac AS20离子色谱柱以15.0 mmol/L的KOH溶液为淋洗液进行等度淋洗，流出液通过抑制器后进入三重四极杆质谱，在负离子、多反应监测模式下检测，外标法定量。结果表明，氟乙酸在0.5～500.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999),检出限和定量限分别为0.14、0.47μg/L。氟乙酸在血液和尿液中的回收率分别为93.4%～95.8%、96.2%～98.4%,日内精密度分别为0.8%～1.6%、0.2%～1.0%,日间精密度分别为2.3%～3.8%、3.9%～6.9%。进一步考察发现该方法在血液、尿液中的基质效应较弱，分别为-7.4%、-3.0%。该法无需衍生化处理，简便高效，灵敏度高，重复性好，适用于人体血液、尿液中氟乙酸的快速检测。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定人血红细胞中锌、铁、镁

人血红细胞样品经低渗Triton X-100溶液超声振荡溶血处理并稀释100倍后采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其中锌、铁和镁的含量。锌、铁和镁的检出限(3S/N)分别为2.44×10~(-3),2.85×10~(-2),1.56×10~(-3)mg·L~(-1),相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为0.69%～1.03%,2.85%～3.84%,0.92%～1.22%。应用该法分析同一混合人血红细胞样品,测定结果与酸消化法测得的结果一致,3种元素的加标回收率为95.0%～110.0%之间。     

火焰原子吸收法测定瑞昌山药中六种金属元素

目的运用火焰原子吸收光谱法对瑞昌山药中的Fe、Zn、Cu、Mg、Ca和Mn 6种金属元素进行测定。方法用浓HNO3湿法微波消解山药样品,采用原子吸收分光光度计测定样品中上述6种金属元素的含量。结果瑞昌山药中含有丰富的所测金属元素。加标回收率在90.0%~109.5%之间,样品相对偏差小于5%,满足测量的要求。结论瑞昌山药中金属元素可作为人体元素的重要补充。     

破乳诱导萃取-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定柴油中的锰、铁和铅

采用破乳诱导萃取的前处理方法,结合电感耦合等离子体质谱技术(ICP-MS),测定了柴油中的锰、铁和铅元素。首先将样品和表面活性剂溶液(Triton X-114)混合形成稳定的油包水乳液,以硝酸作萃取剂充分萃取柴油中的锰、铁和铅,然后将乳液离心破乳分层,采用ICP-MS内标法测定酸性水相中的锰、铁和铅。3种元素的检出限(3S/N)在0.008~0.083μg·L-1之间,测定下限(10S/N)在0.027~0.28μg·L-1之间。应用该方法对柴油中金属元素进行测定,加标回收率在94.9%~106%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.66%~2.2%之间。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定面粉中铅和镉

:采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定面粉中痕量铅和镉。面粉用乙醇和硝酸溶解后,加入分散剂Triton X-80溶液得到样品的悬浊液。然后经均质器分散10 min后,在磁力搅拌下搅拌8 min动态进样分析。铅和镉的检出限(3S/N)分别为0.05,0.006 mg·L~(-1),加标平均回收率分别为98.8%,96.7%。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定全血中铅

用作为基体改进剂的含有氯化钯、Triton X-100及硝酸的混合溶液将全血样品稀释10倍,分取部分经稀释后的试液直接进样,按选定的仪器工作条件进行石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定,此方法的检出限(S/N=3)为5.4 μg·L-1.应用此方法分析了一级国家标准物质(编号为GBW 09139e及GBW 09140e),测得结果与证书值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.2%～3.2%之间.     

血液与尿液中铅形态化合物的HPLC-ICP-MS分析

建立了血液和尿液中2种铅形态化合物(三甲基铅、三乙基铅)的高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(HPLC-ICP-MS)分析方法。利用苯溶液萃取铅形态化合物,超声离心后以硫代硫酸钠溶液进行反萃取。以0.1 mol/L乙酸铵-0.1 mol/L乙酸与甲醇为流动相进行等度洗脱,Agilent Zorbax Plus C_(18)(4.6 mm×100 mm,3.5μm)对提取物进行分离,ICP-MS分析样品中铅形态化合物。结果表明,血液和尿液中2种铅形态化合物的线性范围分别为3～200 ng/mL和5～400 ng/mL,检出限为0.85～1.31 ng/mL,定量下限为3.00～5.00 ng/mL,日内及日间相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.8%～10%,提取回收率为85.3%～104%,基质效应为88.3%～117%。该方法样品前处理简单,检出限低,准确度高,适用于人体血液和尿液中三甲基铅、三乙基铅的测定。     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

Synthesis of Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Glycofuranosides and Their Biochemical and Biological Activities in Cell-Free and Cellular Assays

Tyrosol (T) and hydroxytyrosol (HOT) and their glycosides are promising candidates for applications in functional food products or in complementary therapy. A series of phenylethanoid glycofuranosides (PEGFs) were synthesized to compare some of their biochemical and biological activities with T and HOT. The optimization of glycosylation promoted by environmentally benign basic zinc carbonate was performed to prepare HOT α-L-arabino-, β-D-apio-, and β-D-ribofuranosides. T and HOT β-D-fructofuranosides, prepared by enzymatic transfructosylation of T and HOT, were also included in the comparative study. The antioxidant capacity and DNA-protective potential of T, HOT, and PEGFs on plasmid DNA were determined using cell-free assays. The DNA-damaging potential of the studied compounds for human hepatoma HepG2 cells and their DNA-protective potential on HepG2 cells against hydrogen peroxide were evaluated using the comet assay. Experiments revealed a spectrum of different activities of the studied compounds. HOT and HOT β-D-fructofuranoside appear to be the best-performing scavengers and protectants of plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells. T and T β-D-fructofuranoside display almost zero or low scavenging/antioxidant activity and protective effects on plasmid DNA or HepG2 cells. The results imply that especially HOT β-D-fructofuranoside and β-D-apiofuranoside could be considered as prospective molecules for the subsequent design of supplements with potential in food and health protection.     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.