含2，4－二硫代乙内酰脲分子片卡宾铁羰基簇合物的合成和结构

Ｆｅ_３（ＣＯ）_（１２）与５个２，４－二硫代乙内酰脲ＳＣＮＨＣ（Ｒ_１）（Ｒ_２）Ｃ（Ｓ）ＮＨ反应制得通式为Ｆｅ_３（ＣＯ）_８（ｕ３－Ｓ）_２（Ｌ）含卡宾配体的５个新铁羰基联合物（１～５），对其进行了元素分析、ＩＲ、~１ＨＮＭＲ和ＭＳ表征，并用Ｘ射线衍射法测定了簇合物３的晶体和分子结构，表明２，４－二硫代乙内酰脲分子片配位基：ＣＮＨＣ（ＣＨ_３）_２Ｃ（Ｓ）ＮＨ的卡宾碳具有ｓｐ~２成键特征，其Ｃ卡宾－Ｆｅ键长０．１８９８ｎｍ，３的分子几何构型维持母体物Ｆｅ_３（ＣＯ）_９（ｕ_３－Ｓ）_２的形状，其中卡宾取代了四方锥分子骨架基底平面Ｆｅ（１）Ｓ（１）Ｆｅ（３）Ｓ（２）的Ｆｅ（１）原子上轴向位置的一个端羰ＣＯ。     

含第1长周期过渡金属的Nb/Ta三组元层状结构碲化物研究

总结了所研究的Ｎｂ／Ｔａ层状碲化物结构．对经Ｘ射线衍射结构表征的１４种化合物按其结构类型分别加以介绍．化合物Ｎｂ_２ＣｒＴｅ_４和Ｎｂ_２Ｃｕ_１．４８Ｔｅ_４的特点是第３组元原子插入与Ｎｂ／Ｔａ不同的层中．在其他化合物中,两种金属原子均插入同一层．分子式为Ｍ_２Ｍ_２Ｔｅ_４（Ｍ＝Ｎｂ／Ｔａ, Ｍ′＝ Ｎｉ, Ｃｏ, Ｆｅ）的 ６个化合物的结构可描述为由簇单元 “Ｍ_２Ｍ′_２ Ｔｅ_(１０)构成．在两个富金属簇合物 ＴａＣｏ_２Ｔｅ_２和 ＴａＮｉ_２Ｔｅ_２中, Ｔａ原子具有畸变单帽三角柱结构．而ＴａＦｅＴｅ_３,ＴａＮｉ_２Ｔｅ_３和ＮｂＮｉ_２Ｔｅ_３的结构可描述为以Ｎｂ／Ｔａ和Ｔｅ原子组成的双八面体链为基础构成．与此相联系,Ｔａ_２Ｎｉ_２Ｓｅ_５的结构,由于也可描述成另一种型式的双八面体排布而放在文中讨论．     

双（二苯基膦）丁烷的双核银配合物晶体结构

报导了双（二苯基膦）丁烷的双核银配合物－［Ａｇ（Ｐｈ_２ＰＣＨ_２ＣＨ_２ＣＨ_２ＣＨ_２ＰＰｈ_２）－（ＮＯ_３）］_２的合成及晶体结构分析。晶体属于单斜晶系，空间群为Ｐ２_１／ｎ，晶胞参数为：ａ＝１２．８２１（３），ｂ＝１１．２４４（９），ｃ＝１９．３８６（９），β＝１０５．９４（３）°，Ｖ＝２６８７．２~３，Ｚ＝２，Ｄ_ｃ＝１．４７４ｇ／ｃｍ~３，Ｍ_ｒ＝１１９２．７，Ｆ（０００）＝１２１６，μ＝８．８７３ｃｍ~（－１）。晶体结构由直接法和Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ合成解出，使用对角块矩阵和全矩阵最小二乘法对原子参数进行修正，最后偏离因子Ｒ＝０．０５６，Ｒ_ｗ＝０．０６８，其中２６３４个Ｉ＞３σ（Ⅰ）的可观察点参加了结构修正，单晶结构分析结果表明，在该配合物中，配体双（二苯基膦）丁烷（ｄｐｐｂ）中的磷原子直接与银离子配位，硝酸根也以双齿配位形式存在，中心银离子的配位采用畸变的四面体构型，整个分子是一个二聚物。     

一价铜配合物〔Cu（C_8H_4F_3O_2S）（PPh_3）_2〕的合成和晶体

室温下，铜粉和２－噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮、三苯基膦在甲醇和四氢呋喃混合溶剂中反应，生成一价铜的配合物［Ｃｕ（Ｃ_８Ｈ_４Ｆ_３Ｏ_２Ｓ）（ＰＰｈ_３）_２］，测定了该配合物的晶体结构，结果表明，晶体属单斜晶系，Ｐ２_１／ｎ空间群，晶胞参数：ａ＝１０．５８４（１），ｂ＝１６．７３８（１），ｃ＝２２．７２８（９）Ａ；β＝９４．２２（２）°，Ｖ＝４０１５．２Ａ３，Ｍｒ＝７８５．２９，Ｚ＝４，Ｄｃ＝１０２９９ｇ／ｃｍ３，μ＝９．８６ｃｍ－１。晶体结构由直接法解出，使用块对角矩阵和全矩阵最小二乘法对原子参数进行修正，最后偏离因子Ｒ＝０．０４８，Ｒｗ＝０．０５４，其中４３９１个Ｉ＞３σ（Ｉ）的可观察衍射点参加了结构修正，结果表明，Ｃｕ原子由２个Ｏ原子和２个Ｐ原子配位，形成畸变四面体构型。     

羰基三核钌簇Ru_3（CO）_9（C_6H_5）_2N_2HCS的合成和晶体结构

本文根道了Ｒｕ_３（ＣＯ）_９（Ｃ_６Ｈ_５）_２Ｎ_２ＨＣＳ的合成及晶体结构，晶体属单斜晶系，空间群Ｐ２_１／ｍ，晶胞参数ａ＝９．６０４（２），ｂ＝１４．２７９（５），ｃ＝９．９８６（１），β＝１０３．４５（１）°，Ｖ＝１３３１．９，Ｍ_ｒ＝７８２．６１，Ｚ＝２，Ｄ_ｘ＝１．９５１ｇ／ｃｍ~３，μ（ＭｏＫα）＝１７．７３ｃｍ~（－１），Ｆ（０００）＝７５４，Ｒ＝０．０３８．（Ｃ_６Ｈ_５）_２Ｎ_２ＨＣＳ通过Ｎ和Ｓ原子与３个钌原子成螯合配位，另外还有九个羰基与之配位。整个分子具有Ｃ_Ｓ对称性。     

Na_6V_（10）O_（28）·12H_2O的合成与结构

合成并测定了十钒酸盐Ｎａ_６Ｖ_（１０）Ｏ_（２８）·１２Ｈ_２Ｏ的单晶结构。晶体属单斜晶系，Ｐ２_１／ｎ群空间，ａ＝１２．０１９（２），ｂ＝１７．１５４（２），ｃ＝１８．１７８（６），β＝１０６．２９（２）°，Ｖ＝３５７９（１），Ｍ_ｒ＝１２８７．５，Ｆ（０００）＝２５６０，μ＝２５，４４ｃｍ￣（－１），Ｚ＝４，Ｄ_ｃ＝２．３８ｇ·ｃｍ（－３）。结构由重原子法解出，全矩阵最小二乘法修正至Ｒ＝０．０６４，Ｒ_ｗ＝０．０８３。Ｖ_（１０）簇阴离子可以看成由１０个ＶＯ_６变形八面体形成，其中氧原子有４种类型：端氧、二桥氧、三桥氧和六桥氧。结果表明，阳离子相同但结晶水的数目不同时，十钒酸盐的晶系和空间群不同。     

三核苯甲酸铁配合物[Fe3O(OBZ)6(H2O)3](NO3)(acetone)5(OBZ-=苯甲酸根)的结构和磁性

合成了三核苯甲酸铁配合物［Ｆｅ３Ｏ（ＯＢＺ）６（Ｈ２Ｏ）３］（ＮＯ３）（ａｃｅｔｏｎｅ）５。测定了其晶体结构，其中三个铁形成等边三角形结构。配合物的变温磁化率表明，分子内三个铁之间有弱的反应磁性交换作用，Ｊ＝－３３．１８ｃｍ＾－１。分子之间则有更弱的反铁磁性交换作用，ＺＪ＾＇＝－１．１４ｃｍ＾－１。     

二茂铁基正庚基β－二酮的合成及晶体结构

在氢化钠存在下，用乙酰基二茂铁与正辛酸乙酯进行缩合反应，合成了标题化合物ＦｅＣＯＣＨ_２ＣＯＣ_７Ｈ_（１５）（Ｆｃ＝Ｃ_５Ｈ_５ＦｅＣ_５Ｈ_４）．Ｘ射线衍射测定其晶体学数据为：Ｃ_（２０）Ｈ_（２６）ＦｅＯ_２，空间群Ｐ２_１／ｎ，ａ＝０．５７９０（１）ｎｍ，ｂ＝４．１６３４（４）ｎｍ，ｃ＝０．７６３５（１）ｎｍ，β＝１０１．３９（１）°，Ｚ＝４．最终的偏离因子Ｒ＝０．０５０．结构分析表明，该化合物分子以烯醇式形式存在，通过分子内氢键，形成六元环，环中Ｏ…Ｈ氢键距离为０．１４６ｎｍ．β－二羰基中与正庚基相连接的羰基易于烯醇化。     

等瓣置换反应的研究──手性簇合物［（η~5－MeO_2CC_5H_4）（CO）_2Mo］·［（η~5－MeO_2CC_5H_4）（CO）_2W］Fe（CO）_3（μ_3－S）的分子结构及晶体结构

用Ｘ射线衍射法测定了由η~５－ＭｅＯ_２ＣＣ_５Ｈ_４）（ＣＯ）_３ＭｏＮａ和［（η~５－ＭｅＯ_２ＣＣ_５Ｈ_４）（ＣＯ）_２Ｗ］Ｆｅ－（ＣＯ）_３Ｃｏ（Ｃｏ）_３（μ_３－Ｓ）的等瓣置换反应所生成的手性簇合物──［（η~５－ＭｅＯ_２ＣＣ_５Ｈ_４）（ＣＯ）_２Ｍｏ］－［（η~５－ＭｅＯ_２ＣＣ_５Ｈ_４）（ＣＯ）_２Ｗ］Ｆｅ（ＣＯ）_３（μ_３－Ｓ）的分子结构及晶体结构。晶体属Ｐ１空间群，晶胞参数α＝０．８７１６２（５）ｎｍ，ｂ＝０．７６２１８（４）ｎｍ，ｃ＝１．８７１１１（８）ｎｍ；α＝９４．１６４（４）°，β＝９７．９７９（２）°，γ＝９９．１０８（２）°，Ｚ＝２，μ＝５．９ｃｍ~（－１）。最终的一致性因子Ｒ＝０．０３６，Ｒｗ＝０．０３７．该簇合物含ＭｏＷＦｅＳ四面体簇核，其中Ｍｏ、Ｗ原子以１：１的比例无序地分占了四面体的２个顶点．     

[Pt(TMCPDA)(Ac-Cl)2]的分子结构和晶体结构

[Pt(TMCPDA)(Ac-Cl)_2]属四方晶系,空间群为P4_32,2,单胞参数为:a=b=14.618(4),c=16.654(2)A,V=3558.9A~3,Z=8,D_c=1.957gcm~(-3).在Enraf-Nonius CAD4衍射仪上用MoK,射线,收集了0(?)2θ(?)44°的独立衍射点2184个。铂原子坐标用直接法解法。非氢原子和部分氢原子的坐标用数轮差富利叶合成得到。部分氢原子坐标用理论计算定出。铂原子各向异性热振动参数和其他原子的各向同性热参数经全矩阵最小二乘法修正。最后偏离因子R=0.065,R_w=0.077.分子的绝对构型已测定,不对称碳原子为1s,3R.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。