铝在阿尔茨海默氏病和帕金森氏病及透析病发病中的毒性及减轻铝负荷的药物研究进展

本文综述了近年来铝在阿尔茨海默氏病和帕金森氏病及透析脑、骨及血病发病中的毒性及减轻人体铝负荷的药物研究的进展。介绍了该类病的病理学及病源学的研究成果。减轻铝负荷的药物主要涉及了去铁胺、羟基吡啶酮、儿茶酚类、肌醇或其衍生物等铝的螫合剂。讨论了血中铁转移蛋白在铝的存储及传输中的作用。     

阿尔茨海默氏病及其药物治疗研究进展

阿尔茨海默氏病(AD)是一种中枢神经系统进行性退变疾病,其病因仍未确定。文章综述了近年来AD的研究以及所出现的AD治疗药物的新进展。     

The Role of Bile Acids in the Human Body and in the Development of Diseases

Bile acids are specific and quantitatively important organic components of bile, which are synthesized by hepatocytes from cholesterol and are involved in the osmotic process that ensures the outflow of bile. Bile acids include many varieties of amphipathic acid steroids. These are molecules that play a major role in the digestion of fats and the intestinal absorption of hydrophobic compounds and are also involved in the regulation of many functions of the liver, cholangiocytes, and extrahepatic tissues, acting essentially as hormones. The biological effects are realized through variable membrane or nuclear receptors. Hepatic synthesis, intestinal modifications, intestinal peristalsis and permeability, and receptor activity can affect the quantitative and qualitative bile acids composition significantly leading to extrahepatic pathologies. The complexity of bile acids receptors and the effects of cross-activations makes interpretation of the results of the studies rather difficult. In spite, this is a very perspective direction for pharmacology.     

化学浸提法研究中药茯苓中活性铝的形态分布

利用KCl、NH4Ac、HCl、NaOH四种浸提液对中药茯苓中铝的存在形态分别进行浸取溶出,采用分光光度法对不同形态的铝含量进行测定,得到茯苓中活性铝的形态分布,有机铝含量占总量的58.9%;胶态Al(OH)3占总量41.1%;浸提液中铝的回收率为97.0%~109.3%。     

环境中羟基聚合铝型体的形成和形态转化规律

本文综述了近十年来可溶态铝在水体、土壤溶液及水和土壤矿物界面上的水解、聚合、絮凝和沉积行为及其形态转化过程和机理的研究进展，系统地总结并评价了目前已经报道过的各种羟基聚合铝型体及其形成条件、测试方法、热力学稳定常数以及可能结构等，分析了各种因素如粘土矿物的种类、OH^-／Al摩尔比、各种有机和无机配体离子以及实验条件等对羟基聚合铝形态变化的影响规律。引用文献50篇。     

Ceria Nanoparticle Systems for Selective Scavenging of Mitochondrial,Intracellular, and Extracellular Reactive Oxygen Species in Parkinson's Disease

Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the critical factors that involves in the pathogenesis and progression of many diseases. However, lack of proper techniques to scavenge ROS depending on their cellular localization limits a thorough understanding of the pathological effects of ROS. Here, we demonstrate the selective scavenging of mitochondrial, intracellular, and extracellular ROS using three different types of ceria nanoparticles (NPs), and its application to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). Our data show that scavenging intracellular or mitochondrial ROS inhibits the microglial activation and lipid peroxidation, while protecting the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the striata of PD model mice. These results indicate the essential roles of intracellular and mitochondrial ROS in the progression of PD. We anticipate that our ceria NP systems will serve as a useful tool for elucidating the functions of various ROS in diseases.     

Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol,Ascorbic Acid and Codeine by Differential Pulse Voltammetry on the Aluminum Electrode Modified by Thin Layer of Palladium

In the present work an aluminum electrode was modified with thin layer of metallic palladium. The ability of the electrode for electrooxidation and subsequent differential pulse voltammetric determination of paracetamol (PCT), ascorbic acid (AA) and codeine (CO) was evaluated. The results obtained indicated that a linear range from 0.1–3 mM and a detection limit of 5 μM for both three compounds is accessible. The peak separation of AA, PCT and CO is more than 300 mV large enough, allowed simultaneous determination of these compounds. The proposed method was applied for determination of AA, PCT and CO in some real samples.     

心脑血管疾病与微量元素研究进展

心脑血管疾病发病日益增多的原因之一是机体缺乏人体必需微量元素,目前报道硒、锗、锌、钴、铜、锰、铬、钼、钒、镍等与心脑血管疾病有密切关系。用微量元素调控防治心脑血管疾病,目前是国内外研究的新课题,其目的是降低心脑血管疾病的死亡率和发病率,促进人类健康长寿。     

Characterization and Applications of Red Mud,an Aluminum Industry Waste Material,in the Construction and Building Industries,as well as Catalysis

The disposal of red mud (RM), a waste material generated by the aluminum industry, remains a global environmental concern because of its high alkalinity and smaller particle size, which have the potential to pollute air, soil, and water. Recently, efforts have been made to develop a strategy for reusing industrial byproducts, such as RM, and turning waste into value-added products. The use of RM as (i) a supplementary cementitious material for construction and building materials, such as cement, concrete, bricks, ceramics, and geopolymers, and (ii) a catalyst is discussed in this review. Furthermore, the physical, chemical, mineralogical, structural, and thermal properties of RM, as well as its environmental impact, are also discussed in this review. It is possible to conclude that using RM in catalysis, cement, and construction industries is the most efficient way to recycle this byproduct on a large scale. However, the low cementitious properties of RM can be attributed to a reduction in the fresh and mechanical properties of composites incorporating RM. On the other hand, RM can be used as an efficient active catalyst to synthesize organic molecules and reduce air pollution, which not only makes use of solid waste but also lowers the price of the catalyst. The review provides basic information on the characterization of RM and its suitability in various applications, paving the way for more advanced research on the sustainable disposal of RM waste. Future research perspectives on the utilization of RM are also addressed.     

河南省地甲病、克山病、大骨节病病区不同人群发硒含量及全血GSH-Px活性的对比分析

测定了河南省地甲病、克山病、大骨病病区不同人群发硒含量及GSH－Px活性，并作了对比分析，结果表明，对照组人群发硒含量及GSH－Px活力显著高于地甲病、克山病及大骨节病区，病区之间无显著性差异。     

Role of Gut Microbiota,Probiotics and Prebiotics in the Cardiovascular Diseases

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in identifying and applying new, naturally occurring molecules that promote health. Probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits on the host”. Quite a few fermented products serve as the source of probiotic strains, with many factors influencing the effectiveness of probiotics, including interactions of probiotic bacteria with the host’s microbiome. Prebiotics contain no microorganisms, only substances which stimulate their growth. Prebiotics can be obtained from various sources, including breast milk, soybeans, and raw oats, however, the most popular prebiotics are the oligosaccharides contained in plants. Recent research increasingly claims that probiotics and prebiotics alleviate many disorders related to the immune system, cancer metastasis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. However, little is known about the role of these supplements as important dietary components in preventing or treating cardiovascular disease. Still, some reports and clinical studies were conducted, offering new ways of treatment. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss the roles of gut microbiota, probiotics, and prebiotics interventions in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.