独立成分分析与主成分分析在股票市场上的运用

展示了分析及认识金融市场结构的一种新方法.将这种方法实例应用在了股票指数CAC40的一篮子股票中,对股票价格走势进行分析,并将独立成分分析（ICA）方法与传统的主成分分析（PCA）方法进行了比较.     

对台湾工农业产品产量的主成分分析

主成分析分析法是一种将多个指标化为少数几个不相关的综合指标 (即主成分 )的多元统计分析方法 .本文通过运用主成分方法对我国台湾地区 1 989 1 996工农业主要指标的原始数据的处理分析 ,表明主成分分析确是在实用中很可行的一种常用的统计方法 .     

成分数据主成分分析及其应用

本文分析了传统主成分分析在成分数据分析中的不适应性，介绍了艾奇逊的中心化对数比变换和成分数据主成分分析，并以农民消费结构为例，重点讨论了成分数据主成分分析的实施步骤     

形体老化与疾病的非线性主成分分析

本文把 5个形体老化指标及 13种慢性病指标分别做成两个综合指标 ,再去研究人体老化、疾病与性别及年龄的关系。文中使用非线性主成分法及指出一般线性主成分法的局限性     

企业经济效益的主成分分析

经济效益是经济工作的中心，提高经济效益是企业经营管理的基本要求。本运用主成分分析法，把评价企业经济效益的多指标转化为少数几个综合指标，抓住复杂经济问题的主要矛盾，为经营、投资提供有价值的参考，为宏观调控和企业的科学管理提供了简明、规范的评价方法。     

基于MCD的稳健主成分算法及其实证分析

主成分分析方法是在经济管理中经常使用的多元统计分析方法,在变量降维方面扮演着很重要的角色,是进行多变量综合评价的有力工具。但传统的主成分分析对于异常值十分敏感,计算结果很容易受到异常值影响,而实际数据常包含异常情况,通常分析很少考虑它们的作用。本文基于MCD估计提出一种稳健的主成分分析方法,模拟和实证分析结果表明,该方法对于抵抗异常值有很好的效果。     

基于主成分分析的水质评价方法

主成分分析法能够在保证原始数据信息损失最小的情况下,以少数的综合变量取代原有的多维变量,使数据结构大为简化,并且客观地确定变量权数,避免了主观随意性.应用主成分分析法对长春市地面水环境进行评价,且与其它评价方法相比较,结果显示主成分分析法更客观且指导性较强,是一种行之有效的水质评价方法.通过主成分分析进行水质评价,可为水资源规划、利用、开发和环境系统优化提供更为客观的参考依据.     

主成分分析在中国上市公司综合评价中的作用

主要介绍了主成分分析在上市公司综合评价中的作用 .主成分分析作为一种客观赋权的方法 .权数是能随着宏观经济环境变化而变化的动态权数体系 ,因为主成分分析所应用的数据来源于上市公司年度报告所提供的财务指标 .它主要对所选择的 40只绩优股 ,进行横向的比较 ,并根据第一主成分得分进行排序 ,给广大的投资者提供参考 .     

环境质量的主成分分析

主成分分析法能够在保证原始数据信息损失最小的情况下 ,以少数的综合变量取代原有的多维变量 ,使数据结构大为简化 ,并且客观地确定权数 ,避免了主观随意性 ,因而是环境质量综合评价的一种简单易行的有效方法 .通过主成分分析 ,可以为环境质量的分区和分级治理提供重要的理论依据     

基于主成分分析的需水量预测模型研究

用水是整个水资源系统中的一个重要环节,需水预测是制定水资源规划、管理以及国民经济计划的基础和依据.提出了基于主成分分析法分析的需水量预测模型,试图能探讨需水定额与经济社会各影响关系响应,以郑州市为例对2010年、2020年和2030年的工业、农业和生活的需水量进行了预测,并与郑州市水资源规划的预测结果进行了比较,分析及比较结果表明:该模型预测结果比规划结果偏低,2010年、2020年和2030年平水年分别需水162295×104m3、179966×104m3和194696×104m3,需水结构的变化基本反映了郑州市产业结构调整和社会经济良性发展的趋势.     

Regularized Principal Component Analysis

Given a set of signals, a classical construction of an optimal truncatable basis for optimally representing the signals, is the principal component analysis (PCA for short) approach. When the information about the signals one would like to represent is a more general property, like smoothness, a different basis should be considered. One example is the Fourier basis which is optimal for representation smooth functions sampled on regular grid. It is derived as the eigenfunctions of the circulant Laplacian operator. In this paper, based on the optimality of the eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator (LBO for short), the construction of PCA for geometric structures is regularized. By assuming smoothness of a given data, one could exploit the intrinsic geometric structure to regularize the construction of a basis by which the observed data is represented. The LBO can be decomposed to provide a representation space optimized for both internal structure and external observations. The proposed model takes the best from both the intrinsic and the extrinsic structures of the data and provides an optimal smooth representation of shapes and forms.     

主成分分析方法在学生评价体系中的应用

建立学生评价体系的主成分分析模型,随机抽取中国计量学院理学院部分学生,采集实际数据,进行实例分析.计算结果显示,模型有效.     

Supervised Sparse and Functional Principal Component Analysis

Principal component analysis (PCA) is an important tool for dimension reduction in multivariate analysis. Regularized PCA methods, such as sparse PCA and functional PCA, have been developed to incorporate special features in many real applications. Sometimes additional variables (referred to as supervision) are measured on the same set of samples, which can potentially drive low-rank structures of the primary data of interest. Classical PCA methods cannot make use of such supervision data. In this article, we propose a supervised sparse and functional principal component (SupSFPC) framework that can incorporate supervision information to recover underlying structures that are more interpretable. The framework unifies and generalizes several existing methods and flexibly adapts to the practical scenarios at hand. The SupSFPC model is formulated in a hierarchical fashion using latent variables. We develop an efficient modified expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for parameter estimation. We also implement fast data-driven procedures for tuning parameter selection. Our comprehensive simulation and real data examples demonstrate the advantages of SupSFPC. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

VC Dimensions of Principal Component Analysis

Motivated by statistical learning theoretic treatment of principal component analysis, we are concerned with the set of points in ℝ ^d that are within a certain distance from a k-dimensional affine subspace. We prove that the VC dimension of the class of such sets is within a constant factor of (k+1)(d−k+1), and then discuss the distribution of eigenvalues of a data covariance matrix by using our bounds of the VC dimensions and Vapnik’s statistical learning theory. In the course of the upper bound proof, we provide a simple proof of Warren’s bound of the number of sign sequences of real polynomials.     

Group-Wise Principal Component Analysis for Exploratory Data Analysis

In this article, we propose a new framework for matrix factorization based on principal component analysis (PCA) where sparsity is imposed. The structure to impose sparsity is defined in terms of groups of correlated variables found in correlation matrices or maps. The framework is based on three new contributions: an algorithm to identify the groups of variables in correlation maps, a visualization for the resulting groups, and a matrix factorization. Together with a method to compute correlation maps with minimum noise level, referred to as missing-data for exploratory data analysis (MEDA), these three contributions constitute a complete matrix factorization framework. Two real examples are used to illustrate the approach and compare it with PCA, sparse PCA, and structured sparse PCA. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

关于主成分分析做综合评价的改进

本文结合具体事例 ,讨论并改进利用主成分分析做综合评价的方法。     

Principal Component Analysis of Two-Dimensional Functional Data

This article presents and compares two approaches of principal component (PC) analysis for two-dimensional functional data on a possibly irregular domain. The first approach applies the singular value decomposition of the data matrix obtained from a fine discretization of the two-dimensional functions. When the functions are only observed at discrete points that are possibly sparse and may differ from function to function, this approach incorporates an initial smoothing step prior to the singular value decomposition. The second approach employs a mixed effects model that specifies the PC functions as bivariate splines on triangulations and the PC scores as random effects. We apply the thin-plate penalty for regularizing the function estimation and develop an effective expectation–maximization algorithm for calculating the penalized likelihood estimates of the parameters. The mixed effects model-based approach integrates scatterplot smoothing and functional PC analysis in a unified framework and is shown in a simulation study to be more efficient than the two-step approach that separately performs smoothing and PC analysis. The proposed methods are applied to analyze the temperature variation in Texas using 100 years of temperature data recorded by Texas weather stations. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

Regularized Principal Component Analysis for Spatial Data

In many atmospheric and earth sciences, it is of interest to identify dominant spatial patterns of variation based on data observed at p locations and n time points with the possibility that p > n. While principal component analysis (PCA) is commonly applied to find the dominant patterns, the eigenimages produced from PCA may exhibit patterns that are too noisy to be physically meaningful when p is large relative to n. To obtain more precise estimates of eigenimages, we propose a regularization approach incorporating smoothness and sparseness of eigenimages, while accounting for their orthogonality. Our method allows data taken at irregularly spaced or sparse locations. In addition, the resulting optimization problem can be solved using the alternating direction method of multipliers, which is easy to implement, and applicable to a large spatial dataset. Furthermore, the estimated eigenfunctions provide a natural basis for representing the underlying spatial process in a spatial random-effects model, from which spatial covariance function estimation and spatial prediction can be efficiently performed using a regularized fixed-rank kriging method. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by several numerical examples.