Revealing pion and kaon structure via generalised parton distributions

Clear windows onto emergent hadron mass(EHM)and modulations thereof by Higgs boson interactions are provided by observable measures of pion and kaon structure,many of which are accessible via generalised parton distributions(GPDs).Beginning with algebraic GPD Ans?tze,constrained entirely by hadron-scaleπand K valence-parton distribution functions(DFs),in whose forms both EHM and Higgs boson influences are manifest,numerous illustrations are provided.They include the properties of electromagnetic form factors,impact parameter space GPDs,gravitational form factors and associated pressure profiles,and the character and consequences of allorders evolution.The analyses predict that mass-squared gravitational form factors are stiffer than electromagnetic form factors;reveal that K pressure profiles are tighter than profiles,with both mesons sustaining near-core pressures at magnitudes similar to that expected at the core of neutron stars;deliver parameter-free predictions for and K valence,glue,and sea GPDs at the resolving scale l=2GeV;and predict that at this scale the fraction of meson mass-squared carried by glue and sea combined matches that lodged with the valence degrees-of-freedom,with a similar statement holding for mass-squared radii.     

Phase relations in the ZnO-V2O5-K2O system

The subsolidus phase relations of a ZnO-V 2 O 5-K 2 O system are investigated by X-ray powder diffraction.There is 1 ternary compound,11 binary compounds and 14 three-phase regions in this system.The phase diagrams of V 2 O 5 K 2 O with the K 2 O content ranging from 0 to 71 mol% and pseudo-binary system of ZnO-K 2 ZnV 2 O 7 are also studied by X-ray powder diffraction and differential thermal analysis methods.     

Lax pair and vector semi-rational nonautonomous rogue waves for a coupled time-dependent coefficient fourth-order nonlinear Schrodinger system in an inhomogeneous optical fiber

Optical fibers are seen in the optical sensing and optical fiber communication. Simultaneous propagation of optical pulses in an inhomogeneous optical fiber is described by a coupled time-dependent coefficient fourth-order nonlinear Schr?dinger system, which is discussed in this paper. For such a system, we work out the Lax pair, Darboux transformation, and corresponding vector semi-rational nonautonomous rogue wave solutions. When the group velocity dispersion(GVD) and fourth-order dispersion(FOD) coefficients are the constants, we exhibit the first-and second-order vector semirational rogue waves which are composed of the four-petalled rogue waves and eye-shaped breathers. Both the width of the rogue wave along the time axis and temporal separation between the adjacent peaks of the breather decrease with the GVD coefficient or FOD coefficient. With the GVD and FOD coefficients as the linear, cosine, and exponential functions, we respectively present the first-and second-order periodic vector semi-rational rogue waves, first-and second-order asymmetry vector semi-rational rogue waves, and interactions between the eye-shaped breathers and the composite rogue waves.     

Gravitational collapse with standard and dark energy in the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity

A perfect fluid with self-similarity of the second kind is studied within the framework of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity(TEGR).A spacetime which is not asymptotically flat is derived.The energy conditions of this spacetime are studied.It is shown that after some time the strong energy condition is not enough to satisfy showing a transition from standard matter to dark energy.The singularities of this solution are discussed.     

Breakdown voltage model and structure realization of a thin silicon layer with linear variable doping on a silicon on insulator high voltage device with multiple step field plates

Based on the theoretical and experimental investigation of a thin silicon layer(TSL) with linear variable doping(LVD) and further research on the TSL LVD with a multiple step field plate(MSFP),a breakdown voltage(BV) model is proposed and experimentally verified in this paper.With the two-dimensional Poisson equation of the silicon on insulator(SOI) device,the lateral electric field in drift region of the thin silicon layer is assumed to be constant.For the SOI device with LVD in the thin silicon layer,the dependence of the BV on impurity concentration under the drain is investigated by an enhanced dielectric layer field(ENDIF),from which the reduced surface field(RESURF) condition is deduced.The drain in the centre of the device has a good self-isolation effect,but the problem of the high voltage interconnection(HVI) line will become serious.The two step field plates including the source field plate and gate field plate can be adopted to shield the HVI adverse effect on the device.Based on this model,the TSL LVD SOI n-channel lateral double-diffused MOSFET(nLDMOS) with MSFP is realized.The experimental breakdown voltage(BV) and specific on-resistance(R on,sp) of the TSL LVD SOI device are 694 V and 21.3 ·mm 2 with a drift region length of 60 μm,buried oxide layer of 3 μm,and silicon layer of 0.15 μm,respectively.     

Phase properties of odd and even circular states

Phase properties of the even and odd circular states are studied within the Hermitian phase formalism of Pegg and Barnett. Exact analytical formulas for the distribution function and the variance of the phase operator are obtained and used to examine whether or not the even and odd circular states exhibit photon-number squeezing and phase squeezing.     

A new complex variable element-free Galerkin method for two-dimensional potential problems

In this paper, based on the element-free Galerkin (EFG) method and the improved complex variable moving least- square (ICVMLS) approximation, a new meshless method, which is the improved complex variable element-free Galerkin (ICVEFG) method for two-dimensional potential problems, is presented. In the method, the integral weak form of control equations is employed, and the Lagrange multiplier is used to apply the essential boundary conditions. Then the corresponding formulas of the ICVEFG method for two-dimensional potential problems are obtained. Compared with the complex variable moving least-square (CVMLS) approximation proposed by Cheng, the functional in the ICVMLS approximation has an explicit physical meaning. Furthermore, the ICVEFG method has greater computational precision and efficiency. Three numerical examples are given to show the validity of the proposed method.     

Neutron star cooling and GW170817 constraint within quark-meson coupling models

In the present work,we used five different versions of the quark-meson coupling(QMC)model to compute astrophysical quantities related to the GW170817 event and the neutron star cooling process.Two of the models are based on the original bag potential structure and three versions consider a harmonic oscillator potential to confine quarks.The bag-like models also incorporate the pasta phase used to describe the inner crust of neutron stars.With a simple method studied in the present work,we show that the pasta phase does not play a significant role.Moreover,the QMC model that satisfies the GW170817 constraints with the lowest slope of the symmetry energy exhibits a cooling profile compatible with observational data.     

Decoy-state method for quantum-key-distribution-based quantum private query

The quantum private query(QPQ)is a quantum solution for the symmetrically private information retrieval problem.We study the security of quantum-key-distribution-based QPQ with weak coherent pulses.The result shows that multiphoton pulses have posed a serious threat to the participant’s privacy in QPQ protocols.Then we propose a decoy-state method that can help the honest participant detect the attack by exploiting multiphoton pulses and improving the key distillation process to defend against such attack.The analysis demonstrates that our decoy-state method significantly improves the security of the QPQ with weak coherent pulses,which solves a major obstacle in the practical application of the QPQ.     

Contributions of qqqq components to nucleon spin structure

The spin structure of nucleons is presented in the framework of an extended quark model which in addition to the conventional qqq structure also takes into account qqqq admixtures in the nucleon wave functions, where the qqqq components are in colored quark cluster configurations. The axial vector weak coupling constant and spin distributions for polarized nucleons as well as spin content are obtained for the lowest positive parity qqqq configurations in flavor-spin dependent interaction. In particular, the contributions of the down and strange quarks to the proton spin and the sum rule for polarized neutron are negative, in agreement with recent experiments.     

Time domain finite volume method for the transient response and natural characteristics of structural-acoustic coupling in an enclosed cavity

A time domain finite volume method（TDFVM）based on wave theory is developed to analyze the transient response and natural characteristics of structural-acoustic coupling problems in an enclosed cavity.In the present method,the elastic dynamic equations and acoustic equation in heterogeneous medium are solved in solid domains and fluid domains respectively.The structural-acoustic coupling is implemented according to the continuity condition of the particle velocity along the normal direction and the normal traction equilibrium condition on the interface.Several numerical examples are presented to validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the present TDFVM.Then the effects of water depth on the acoustic and vibration characteristics and the natural characteristics of a structural-acoustic coupling system are analyzed.The numerical results show that the increase of water depth leads to a stronger coupling between the water and structure and the decrease of natural frequencies of coupling system,The computational cost and memory of this method are small and it can be applicable to structural-acoustic coupling problems in the heterogeneous fluid.     

Modeling Gain Dynamics in EDFAs: Space-Resolved Versus Lumped Models

We present a detailed comparison of dynamic space- and frequency-resolved and lumped erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) models. The space- and frequency-resolved models are based on an iterative solution of propagation equations for pump, multiple signals, and spectral components of forward and backward propagating amplified spontaneous powers and rate equations for pump, metastable, and ground energy level population densities of erbium ion. In contrast to space-resolved models, the lumped model solves a single ordinary differential equation for time evolution of the length-averaged metastable level population and is therefore substantially less computer time consuming. Both the space, and frequency-resolved and the lumped models give almost identical results when used for an analysis of surviving channel power excursions in concatenated EDFAs fed by multiwavelength signal and add/drop scenarios. For a statistical analysis of output power and signal-tonoise ratio fluctuations in EDFA cascades fed by burst-mode packet traffic, only lumped models can be used.     

镧和铕与邻菲罗啉谷氨酸配合物的NMR和IR研究

合成了稀土镧和铕与谷氨酸，邻菲罗啉形成的二元及三元配合物，经元素分析确定该配合物的组成为Ｌｎ（ｐｈｅｎ）（Ｇｌｕ）３．７Ｈ２Ｏ（Ｌｎ＝Ｌａ，Ｅｕ）；Ｅｕ（Ｇｌｕ）３；１２Ｈ２Ｏ。用核磁共振和红外光谱研究与配体与稀土离子的配位方式，讨论了稀土离子的顺磁性及屏蔽效应对配合物的ＮＭＲ谱图的影响。     

利用ICP-AES分析大豆体内Mn和Zn分配及收支平衡

长期定位试验和ICP-AES测试相结合,研究了下辽河平原土壤有效Mn和Zn浓度变化以及不同施肥制度下大豆体内Mn和Zn浓度与含量的变化。结果表明：下辽河平原土壤有效Zn浓度已濒临临界值,应加强对其监测;大豆籽实和秸秆体内Zn浓度受施肥影响变化较小;而籽实中Mn浓度受施肥影响变化较大,且NPK和NPKO处理显著高于O和CK处理;养分循环再利用在增加大豆生物量的同时,Mn和Zn携出亦呈增加趋势;土壤-作物系统中,Mn和Zn均出现收支赤字,其赤字大小顺序为NPKO＜O＜CK＜NPK,表明养分循环可以显著减缓这种赤字,使生态系统更可持续。     

Comparison between formulas of rotational band for axially symmetric deformed nuclei

The experimental rotational spectra of the deformed nuclei available in even-even and odd-A nuclei in the rare-earth and actinide regions are systematically analyzed with several rotational spectra formulas,including Bohr-Mottelson's I(I+l)-expansion,Harris'w2-expansion,ab and abc formulas.It is shown that the simple 2-parameter ab formula is much better than the widely used 2-parameter Bohr-Mottelson's AB formula and Harris'αβ formula.The available data of the rotational spectra of both ground-state band in even-even nuclei and one-quaasiparticle band in odd-A nuclei can be conveniently and rather accurately reproduced by ab formula and abc formula.The moment of inertia and the variation with rotational frequency of angular momentum can be satisfactorily reproduced by ab and abc formulas.     

Temperature Sensitivity Control and Mechanical Stress Effect of Boron-Doped Long-Period Fiber Gratings

We will present in this work the quantitative analysis of the relationship between the doping concentrations of GeO 2 and B 2 O 3 in the core and cladding regions and the temperature sensitivity of the resonance wavelength shift in long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs). Based on this analysis, the temperature sensitivity was suppressed and enhanced to 0.002 nm/°C and 0.28 nm/°C, respectively. We will also discuss the effect of the residual mechanical stress on the optical and mechanical properties of LPFGs. In particular, we will present the measurement results of the dependence of the refractive index change and mechanical strength on the residual mechanical stress in the boron-doped fibers with depressed clad and matched clad.     

Synthesis of Pd and Rh metal nanoparticles in the interlayer space of organically modified montmorillonite

This study reports the synthesis of palladium and rhodium metal nanoparticles supported on montmorillonite (MMT) and partially organically modified MMT (POMM) using tetraamine palladium and hexaamine rhodium complex as precursor for palladium and rhodium respectively. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction PXRD and TEM. The PXRD study shows characteristic crystallographic planes for Pd and Rh metal and confirm the formation of metal nanoparticles in MMT and POMM. The TEM images reveal the effect of organic modification of MMT on decreasing particle size of Pd and Rh metal. The Pd and Rh metal nanoparticles are agglomerated in pristine MMT while nanoparticles are well dispersed in POMM. ICP-AES analysis was carried out to estimate quantitative amount of Pd and Rh metal in MMT and POMM.     

Astrophysical combustion

There are three main astrophysical combustion systems: the evolution of stars, formation of interstellar dust and particulates, and the transition to hadrons in the early universe. These are described in terms of general combustion concepts, such as ignition, laminar and turbulent flames, detonations, multiphase flows, and particle and soot formation. Viewed in this way, the universe and many of its most important astronomical components are combustion systems, and we should use these as naturally occurring laboratories for exploring new and familiar combustion regimes. A more detailed discussion focuses on one type of combustion system, the ignition and development of turbulent flames in Type Ia supernovae, and the importance of the transition to a detonation.     

Music,empathy and cultural understanding

In the age of the Internet and with the dramatic proliferation of mobile listening technologies, music has unprecedented global distribution and embeddedness in people's lives. It is a source of intense experiences of both the most intimate and solitary, and public and collective, kinds – from an individual with their smartphone and headphones, to large-scale live events and global simulcasts; and it increasingly brings together a huge range of cultures and histories, through developments in world music, sampling, the re-issue of historical recordings, and the explosion of informal and home music-making that circulates via YouTube. For many people, involvement with music can be among the most powerful and potentially transforming experiences in their lives. At the same time, there has been increasing interest in music's communicative and affective capacities, and its potential to act as an agent of social bonding and affiliation. This review critically discusses a considerable body of research and scholarship, across disciplines ranging from the neuroscience and psychology of music to cultural musicology and the sociology and anthropology of music, that provides evidence for music's capacity to promote empathy and social/cultural understanding through powerful affective, cognitive and social factors; and explores ways in which to connect and make sense of this disparate evidence (and counter-evidence). It reports the outcome of an empirical study that tests one aspect of those claims, demonstrating that ‘passive’ listening to the music of an unfamiliar culture can significantly change the cultural attitudes of listeners with high dispositional empathy; presents a model that brings together the primary components of the music and empathy research into a single framework; and considers both some of the applications, and some of the shortcomings and problems, of understanding music from the perspective of empathy.     

Design and simulation of the wire scanner for the injector linac of BEPC Ⅱ

BEPC Ⅱ,the upgrade project of Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC),is an accelerator with large beam current and high luminosity,so an efficient and stable injector is required.Several beam diagnostic and monitoring instruments are used.A new diagnostic instrument--wire scanner,has been designed and will be used to nleasure the profile of the linac beam of BEPC Ⅱ.This paper describes the prototype of this system and the cause of heat generating of the wire.Some simulation results of the heat and force by using finite element method software-ANSYS(R),2) are presented and discussed.