CF4在Al2O3基金属氧化物上的分解反应

考察了在无水条件下γ-Al2O3基金属氧化物M-Al2O3(M=Mg、La、Ba、Ce、Ni、P)与CF4反应转化为金属氟化物的反应.结果表明,在所筛选的金属氧化物中,γ-Al2O3的初活性较高,但由于CF4分解时产生的强放热效应使未反应的γ-Al2O3发生了α相变,致使CF4转化率急剧下降,反应温度越高,γ-Al2O3的α相变越快,活性下降就越快.CF4在MgO-Al2O3上分解时,Mg物种比Al优先氟化生成了MgF2,Mg物种的氟化反应及其产牛的强放热效应使MgAl2O4结构发生了解体.在Al2O3表面负载助剂P、Ni,提高了其热稳定性,抑制了CF4高温分解时未反应的Al2O3发生α相变,使更多的γ-Al2O3参与了CF4分解反应.     

纳米膜组装介孔Al2O3：合成及Pt/Al2O3的硝基苯催化加氢性能

以"乙酸乙酯(EA)-偏铝酸钠-水"体系在室温下合成了纳米膜组装介孔Al2O3。研究发现:合成反应时间、静置前搅拌时间、NaAlO2用量、EA用量及反应温度等对合成产物的形貌有影响;另外,与用商品γ-Al2O3制备的Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂相比,纳米膜组装介孔Al2O3制备的Pt/Al2O3催化剂含有部分易被还原的PtOx物种。在硝基苯催化加氢反应中,用合成Al2O3为载体制备的Pt/Al2O3催化剂,比用商品γ-Al2O3制备的Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂具有更好的催化活性。     

CeO2稳定Ru/γ-Al2O3湿空气氧化催化剂的研究

用CeO2作添加剂，对以γ-Al2O3为载体、RuO2为活性组成分的Ru/Al2O3湿空气氧化催化剂掺杂改性，用分步浸渍的方法制备出Ru/CeO2/Al2O3三元复合氧化物催化剂。经XRD分析，证明CeO2进入了γ-Al2O3的晶格，并且有效抑制了高温时γ-Al2O3向α-Al2O3的相变及RuO2向γ-Al2O3晶格的渗入，在270℃、5.5MPa条件下，对苯酚的催化氧化降解结果表明，CeO2的加入可明显提高催化剂活性，其中Ru:CeO2:Al2O3(质量比)=0.6：6：100的催化剂性能最佳，反应30min，苯酚的去除率为96.0％。     

稀土改性Pd/Al2O3催化剂的性能:甲醇分解的活性和选择性

用稀土金属氧化物CeO2和La2O3改性γ-Al2O3担载Pd制备了一系列甲醇分解催化剂，并考察了Pd盐前驱体（氯盐或硝酸盐），稀土种类（镧或／和铈），经的含量（0％－30％），浸渍方法（顺序浸渍或共浸渍）地催化剂性能的影响。结果表明：CeO2能提高Pd/Al2O3催化剂的甲醇分解活性，La2O3能提高催化剂的CO和H2选择性，而CeO2和La2O3在γ-Al2O3上对Pd的催化性能表现出一种协同作用。在10％的La2O3和22％的CeO2共同改性的催化剂上，250℃，甲醇液体空速1.8h^-1条件下反应甲醇转化率达到91．4％，CO（H2）的选择性几乎为100％。     

CeO2和Pd在Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂中的助剂作用

采用脉冲微反技术研究了添加n型半导体氧化物CeO2及贵金属Pd对Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂上CH4积炭/CO2消炭反应性能的影响,并运用BET、TPR、CO2-TPSR及氢吸附等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,n型半导体氧化物CeO2的添加可以降低Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂上CH4裂解积炭活性,提高CO2消炭活性,添加少量贵金属Pd可以进一步改变载体Al2O3、助剂CeO2和活性组分Ni之间的相互作用,从而改善Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的抗积炭性能.通过Ni-Ce-Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂上CH4积炭/CO2消炭模型对上述作用机制作出了新的解释.     

醛氨气相合成3,5-二甲基吡啶催化剂的研究

以醛氨气相合成3,5-二甲基吡啶（DMP）为探针反应,考察了γ-Al2O3负载不同金属氧化物催化剂的催化活性。实验结果显示Cr2O3／γ-Al2O3对DMP有较好选择性和收率。较优化的反应条件为：Cr2O3／γ—Al2O3,[w（Cr2O3）=8％]1．0g,反应温度340℃-400℃,常压,V（醛）：V（氨）为1：4—1：6,V（丙醛）：V（甲醛）为1：1—1：2,GHSV 1200h～,DMP收率76．1％,丙醛转化率92．7％。     

CO预处理对CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂性能的影响

采用XRD,TPR,CO吸附in-situIR,CO氧化反应等对CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂经CO处理前后的结构、组成和催化性能进行了研究。结果表明,经CO在250℃下处理1h后CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂中出现了分散态Cu 物种,该物种的产生使催化剂的活性明显提高。     

临氢水热处理对Ni/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂结构和性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了Ni负载量为17%的Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂.在氢气压力4 MPa,温度180℃条件下对Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂进行了不同时间的水热处理.通过XRD、TG、H2-TPR和低温氮气物理吸附等手段对水热处理前后的催化剂进行表征,并考察其催化1,4-丁炔二醇加氢反应性能.结果表明,临氢水热处理导致载体γ-Al2O3水合相变为薄水铝石,随着水热处理时间的延长,薄水铝石的结晶度逐渐增大.γ-Al2O3的水合相变引起活性组分Ni晶粒的聚集及催化剂比表面积和孔容下降,从而导致催化剂活性降低.     

PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂的丙烷脱氢催化性能

用微型催化反应装置评价, 并结合X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、表面积和孔结构测试、程序升温还原(TPR)、氢化学吸附和热重分析等方法研究了负载型PtSn/γ-Al2O3, PtSn/MCM-41和PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂的丙烷脱氢反应催化性能. 发现PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂具有较PtSn/MCM-41催化剂高的丙烷脱氢反应活性和较PtSn/γ-Al2O3催化剂高的反应稳定性. 实验结果表明, 纯硅MCM-41载体表面的锡物种因与载体相互作用较弱故易被还原, 导致铂金属分散度和催化剂的丙烷脱氢活性较低. 用Al2O3修饰MCM-41可以增强Sn物种与Al2O3/MCM-41载体之间的相互作用, 提高PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂铂金属分散度和丙烷脱氢催化活性. 并且, 积炭后的PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂具有较高的铂金属表面裸露度, 故具有较高的丙烷脱氢反应稳定性. PtSn/Al2O3/MCM-41催化剂优良的丙烷脱氢催化性能可能不仅与Sn-载体Al2O3/MCM-41较强的相互作用有关, 而且与Al2O3/MCM-41载体的介孔结构有关.     

尿素水解法制备球形磁性Al2O3复合材料

利用酸化法在磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子表面包覆SiO2膜,制备了Fe3O4/SiO2复合粒子。然后将该复合粒子超声分散在尿素和铝盐的混合溶液中,利用油中成型法制备出球形纳米磁性Al2O3复合材料,通过水热焙烧等工序处理得γ-Al2O3。实验中采用XRD、TEM、BET、AGM等方法对复合粒子的性能进行了表征,探讨了制备过程对产物晶型的影响、产物的孔结构变化和磁学性能。另外添加的SiO2膜阻止了磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子的进一步团聚,使得Fe3O4纳米粒子保持较小尺寸并均匀分散在产物中,复合材料表现出超顺磁性;同时SiO2膜防止了磁核部分与Al2O3包覆层在高温焙烧时发生反应;还起到加强粘结的作用,使得Al2O3在使用过程中不容易脱落。     

Comparative Study of CuO Species on CuO/Al2O3, CuO/CeO-Al2O3 andCuO/La2O-Al2O3 Catalysts for CO Oxidation

CuO/Al2O3, CuO/CeO2-Al2O3, and CuO/La2O3-Al2O3 (denoted as Cu/Al, Cu/CeAl, and Cu/LaAl) catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method. CuO species and CuO/Al2O3 thermal solid-solid interaction were characterized by in situ XRD, Raman spectroscopy and H2-TPR techniques. For the Cu/Al catalyst, a CuAl2O4 phase exists between the CuO and Al2O3 layer and the CuO phase exists on the surface in both highly dispersed and bulk forms. For the Cu/CeAl catalyst, there is highly dispersed and bulk CuO on the surface, but most of the CuO has transferred into the internal layer of CeO2 as bulk CuO and CuAl2O4. For the Cu/LaAl catalyst, only bulk CuO is present on the surface of the catalyst and no CuAl2O4 is formed. The catalytic activity order for CO oxidation is Cu/CeAl>Cu/Al>Cu/LaAl. The highly dispersed CuO on the catalyst surface may be the active phase for CO oxidation. The results show that the addition of CeO2 not only promotes both the transference of CuO and the formation of CuAl2O4 but also favors the CO oxidation due to the association of highly dispersed CuO with CeO2, while La2O3 hinders the transference of CuO and the formation of CuAl2O4.     

Syngas production by combined carbon dioxide reforming and partial oxidation of methane over Ni/α-Al2O3 catalysts

Ni/α-Al2O3 catalysts were found to be active in the temperature range 600~900 ℃ for both CO2 reforming and partial oxidation of methane. The effects of Ni loading, reaction temperature and feed gas ratio for the combination of CO2 reforming and partial oxidation of CH4 over Ni/α-Al2O3 were investigated. Catalysts of xwt%Ni/α-Al2O3 (x = 2.5, 5, 8 and 12) were prepared by wet impregnating the calcined support with a solution of nickel nitrate. XRD patterns and activity tests have verified that the 5wt%Ni/α-Al2O3 was the most active catalyst, as compared with the other prepared catalyst samples. An increase of the Ni loading to more than 5 wt% led to a reduction in the Ni dispersion. In addition, by combining the endothermic carbon dioxide reforming reaction with the exothermic partial oxidation reaction, the loss of catalyst activity with time on stream was reduced with the amount of oxygen added to the feed.     

NF3 decomposition over some metal oxides in the absence of water

NF3 decomposition in the absence of water over Al2O3, Fe2O3, Co3O4 and NiO, and transition metal oxides (Fe2O3, Co3O4 and NiO) coated Al2O3 reagents was investigated. The results show that Al2O3 is an active reagent for NF3 decomposition with 100% conversion lasting for 8.5 h at 400 ℃. Fe2O3, Co3O4 and NiO coated Al2O3 reagents are superior to bare Al2O3, and 5%Co3O4/Al2O3 has a high reactivity with NF3 full conversion maintaining for 10.5 h. It is suggested that the presence of transition metal oxide is beneficial to the reactivity of Al2O3, and results in a significant enhancement in the fluorination of Al2O3.     

TiO2对Ni/Al2O3催化剂CO甲烷化性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了一系列不同TiO₂含量的TiO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体,并通过浸渍法制备了NiO/TiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂。分别考察了不同TiO₂含量的NiO/TiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂及反应温度对CO甲烷化催化性能的影响。实验结果表明,当复合载体中TiO₂质量分数为30%,反应温度为350～450 ℃时,催化剂催化活性较高。利用N₂吸附-脱附(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)及H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)等手段对催化剂物化性能进行了表征。结果表明,加入适量的TiO₂能抑制镍铝尖晶石NiAl₂O₄物种的生成,改善NiO的表面分散性能,避免大晶粒NiO的形成,也改善了催化剂的还原性能,从而提高催化剂的CO甲烷化活性。     

CuO/TiO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂表征及对NO+CO反应性能研究

采用色谱-微反流动法反应装置考察了w%CuO/15%TiO₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂对NO+CO的反应活性;催化剂经空气氛或氢气氛预处理后,NO转化率达100%的反应温度分别是325和275 ℃;XRD仅能检测到γ-Al₂O₃晶相,负载15%CuO后可以检测到微弱的CuO晶相;H₂-TPR能检测到2个CuO的还原峰(α和β峰),将其归属于高度分散的CuO分别在裸露的γ-Al₂O₃和TiO₂/γ-Al₂O₃载体上的还原;原位红外分析结果表明催化剂经空气氛或氢气氛预处理后,吸附NO+CO反应气后,反应的中间产物N₂O出现的温度分别为200和150 ℃。     

Pt/Al2O3和Pt-Cu/Al2O3催化CCl4氢化脱氯反应

制备了Al2O3负载Pt单金属催化剂和负载Pt-Cu双金属催化剂,比较了二者不同还原温度对其催化CCl4氢化脱氯反应性能的影响。 单金属Pt催化剂上主要生成CHCl3,而双金属Pt-Cu催化剂上产物随催化剂制备时的还原温度不同而异,当催化剂经400 ℃用H2还原后产物主要为CHCl3,而当催化剂经800 ℃用H2还原后产物主要为CCl2CCl2。 由于CCl4氢化反应是强放热反应,催化剂表面局部过热使得在反应中生成的C2等产物聚合结焦,覆盖了催化剂的活性中心,导致催化剂失活。 因此,通过加入甲醇作为稀释剂以带走部分反应热可提高催化剂的稳定性。 同时也降低了CHCl3的选择性,提高了CCl2CCl2的选择性。     

Autothermal reforming of methane over Ni catalysts supported over ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3

Ni catalysts supported on Al2O3, ZrO2-Al2O3, CeO2-Al2O3 and ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 were prepared by coprecipitation method, and their catalytic performances for autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen were investigated. The Ni-supported catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR and XPS. The relationship between the structures and catalytic activities of the catalysts was discussed. The results showed that the catalytic activity and stability of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst was better than those of other catalysts with the highest CH4 conversion, H2/CO and H2/COx ratio at 750 ℃. The catalyst showed a little deactivation along the reaction time during its 72 h on stream with the mean deactivation rate of 0.08%/h. The catalytic performance of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst was also affected by reaction temperature, no2 ： nCH4 molar ratio and nH2O ： nCH4 molar ratio. TPR, XRD and XPS measurements indicated that the formation of ZrO2-CeO2 solid solution could improve the dispersion of NiO, and inhibit the formation of NiAl2O3, and thus significantly promoted the catalytic activity of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst.     

焙烧温度对CuO/γ-Al2O3和CeO2-CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂NO还原活性的影响

用浸渍法制备了CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂和CeO2改性的CeO2-CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂,考察了焙烧温度对CuO/γ-Al2O3和CeO2-CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂C3H6还原NO反应活性的影响,以及CeO2的添加量对CeO2-CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂C3H6还原NO反应活性的影响。结果表明,在200 ℃～500 ℃的焙烧温度范围内,焙烧温度对CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的活性影响很小；在500 ℃～800 ℃的焙烧温度范围内,随着焙烧温度的升高CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的活性急剧下降,由XRD物相测定结果可知,归因于对反应表现惰性的尖晶石CuAl2O4相的生成。当焙烧温度为500 ℃时,CeO2的添加对CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的活性影响很小；当焙烧温度为800 ℃时,CeO2的添加对CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂有明显的助催化作用,当Ce和Cu的摩尔比为1∶10时,NO转化率较为理想。     

Cross metathesis of butene-2 and ethene to propene over Mo/MCM-22-Al2O3 catalysts with different Al2O3 contents

A series of 3.0Mo/MCM-22-Al2O3 catalysts with γ-Al2O3 contents in the range of 0-100 wt% were prepared and applied in the metathesis reaction of ethene and butene-2. Addition of γ-Al2O3 did not affect the structure of MCM-22 zeolite as evidenced by XRD and N2 adsorption measurements. It was deduced from TPR experiments that γ-Al2O3 phase favored the formation of polymolybdate or multilayered Mo oxide, while more Al2(MoO4)3 species were generated over MCM-22 zeolites. Alumina content in the support was directly related to the metathesis activity of ethene and butene-2 to propene. Mo species with higher valence (Mo⁶⁺or Mo⁵⁺) contributed more to the excellent performance of catalyst than metallic Mo. The best catalyst activity and stability was obtained over 3.0Mo/(MCM-22-30%Al2O3) under the reaction condition of 1.0 MPa and 125 ℃ using N2 as the pretreatment gas.     

Ni/Al2O3催化甲烷裂解

分别通过浸渍法和共沉淀法制备了不同Ni负载量的Ni/Al2O3催化剂。考察了Ni负载量、制备方法以及反应温度对Ni/Al2O3催化甲烷裂解性能的影响。结果表明,在550℃,浸渍法制备的Ni/Al2O3催化剂,当Ni负载量为20%(质量分数)、Ni金属平均粒径为11.25 nm时,具有最佳的甲烷催化裂解效果,其每摩尔Ni的氢气产量和每克Ni碳产量分别为164 mol和15.30 g。催化剂制备方法对Ni/Al2O3甲烷催化裂解反应有显著影响,相同Ni负载量共沉淀法制备的Ni/Al2O3甲烷催化裂解总体效果要好于浸渍法制备的Ni/Al2O3,而且反应过程中生成的碳纤维较长,管径也较均一。550℃时,共沉淀法制备的Ni负载量为41.2%(质量分数)的Ni/Al2O3催化剂在反应至350 min时,仍保持着30%以上的转化率。