Calculation of stopping power for partially stripped ions using an oscillator model

Collision of swift ions with atoms was considered in this paper. The projectile and target atoms were modeled as assemblies of quantum oscillators and it was assumed that both, target and projectile could be excited or ionized, without charge exchange. The model presented here is an extension of the one given by Sigmund and Haagerup [Phys. Rev. A 34, 892 (1986)]. The number of electrons bound to the projectile, as a function of the projectile velocity, was used from Cabrera-Trujillo et al. [Phys. Rev. A 55, 2864 (1997)]. Contributions to energy loss from excitation of the projectile and targets were separately considered. It has been found that projectile excitation contributes up to 20% to the total energy loss in the lower energy region. Comparisons with other authors, including SRIM 2003, are also given and good agreement was found.     

金属-绝缘体-半导体(Au-SiO2-Si)隧道结的负阻现象与发光特性

制备了Au-SiO_{2-Si结构MIS隧道发光结.测试并分析了该结的发光特性及电流-电压(I-V)特性.指出结的发光是由各膜层界面激发的表面等离极化激元(Surface Plasmon Polariton.SPP)与膜层表面粗糙度相互耦合的结果.观察到MIS结I-V特性中存在的负阻现象,采用SPP对电子的束缚模型对这一现象进行了初步分析.利用原子力显微镜(AFM)对结的表面形貌进行了观测,由此讨论了MIS隧道结的发光与电子在结内的隧穿输运特性之间的内在关系. 关键词：}     

Inelastic interactions of protons and electrons with biologically relevant molecules

Ionization and fragmentation of water and uracil molecules was studied both by electron and proton impact. A special coincidence technique allows on an event by event basis the investigation of product ions formed upon the collision of protons with neutral molecules including the identification of the charge state of the projectile. This enables the characterization of the ionization processes occurring, i.e. direct ionization, single electron capture or double electron capture for 0, 1 or 2 electrons that are transferred from the target to the projectile, respectively. For uracil the fragmentation patterns obtained by electron and proton impact ionization reveal close similarities and indicate a comparable amount of excitation for the two different ionization mechanisms at high enough projectile energies. Received 25 February 2002 Published online 13 September 2002     

Electronic stopping in ion–fullerene collisions

The electronic friction experienced by a multiply charged ion interacting with the valence electrons of a single fullerene is an important aspect of the collision dynamics. It manifests itself in a considerable loss of projectile kinetic energy transferred to the target, resulting in excitation. The latter mainly leads to direct ionization and multifragmentation and can be recognized in specific patterns of the fragmentation spectra. These fingerprints can be used to quantify electronic stopping and to identify its typical properties as known from particle–solid interactions, such as the oscillation of the electronic stopping with the projectile atomic number Z. These essentially many-body effects can therefore be studied in a well-defined system of finite size. Received: 4 April 2000 / Accepted: 6 November 2000 / Published online: 9 February 2001     

Spin-polarized electrons in collisions of multicharged nitrogen ions with a magnetized Fe(001) surface

We report on the first spin-resolved energy spectra for the emission of electrons during grazing scattering of 150 keV multicharged nitrogen ions from a magnetized Fe(001) surface. A substantial spin polarization for KLL Auger electrons emitted in the final stage of the neutralization sequence during the interaction of multicharged ions with a metal surface is observed. We conclude from our data that the projectile L shell is dominantly populated by electrons from the conduction band of the target. For low energy electrons we find an increase of their spin polarization with an increase of the projectile charge.     

Triple coincidence experiment to explore the two-electron continuum states of the projectile resulting from mutual ionization in 100-keV He0 + He collisions

The existence of the two-electron cusp in atomic collisions, i.e., the enhanced emission of two electrons in the forward direction with velocities equal to that of the projectile, has been investigated experimentally. Using a time-of-flight technique, the energies of the two electrons resulting from the simultaneous target and projectile ionization in 100-keV He(0)+He collisions have been measured by detecting triple coincidence between the electrons and the outgoing He(+) ion. The coincidence yield clearly shows a peak as a function of the electron energies at the expected cusp position. Furthermore, a strong correlation was found between the energies of the two electrons, which is traced back to an angular correlation of 180 degrees in the projectile-centered reference system.     

质子与乙烯分子碰撞的密度泛函理论研究(英文)

采用含时局域密度近似与分子动力学相结合的方法研究了不同入射速度的质子与乙烯分子碰撞的动力学。计算了质子的能量损失及碰撞后乙烯分子的电子和离子的运动状态, 研究了质子的入射方向及入射动能对整个系统的碰撞动力学的影响。计算结果表明, 当入射质子的动能较小（E_k0<250 eV）时, 在相同的入射速度下, 当质子垂直于分子平面入射时, 系统的电离最大, 质子俘获的电子多; 当质子的入射动能E_k0>250 eV时, 质子的能量损失与入射方向有密切的关系。In the framework of the time dependent local density approximation (TDLDA),which applied to valence electrons, coupled non adiabatically to molecular dynamics of ions, the microscopic mechanisms of collisions between energetic protons and ethylene are studied. Not only the amount of energy lost of the projectile, but also the electron and vibration excitations of the target are identified. In addition, the influences of the collision orientation on the energy loss of the proton and excitation dynamics of ethylene are discussed. It is found that the ionization is enhanced and more electrons are captured by the proton when the proton with the impact energy less than 250 eV moves perpendicularly to the molecular plane. A strong relation between the proton energy lost and the impact orientation is obtained when the impact energy is larger than 250 eV.     

A comparative analysis of nuclear excitations by high energy electrons,protons, pions and alpha's

Cross sections for the excitation of resolved nuclear levels by electrons, protons, pions and alpha's of highest energy available are analysed. Reduced cross sections are shown to be approximately proportional to the squared form factors over a relatively wide range of squared momentum transfers t. The proportionality factors for given nucleus and projectile energy are nearly independent of t and the spin of the level, indicating the approximate validity of the DWIA. Ratios of B(El) values for the excitation of different levels in the same nucleus using various projectiles are found to agree. It further appears that the DWIA holds, though to a lesser extent, even for elastic scattering.     

氦原子与氯离子碰撞过程中电子损失的研究

反冲离子飞行时间-散射离子位置灵敏符合技术及多参数获取系统测量了2 MeV～8 MeV的氯离子撞击氦原子,伴随氯离子电子损失过程氦的双、单重电离相对截面比;及氦原子被电离伴随的氯离子的双、单电子损失相对截面比.对测量结果进行了分析讨论.     

Theory of light rectification in scanning tunneling microscopy in the presence of an adsorbed molecule

We consider the problem of the rectified current induced by laser radiation in the STM junction when the tip is placed above a small molecule like CO or NO. This is calculated assuming a simple tight-binding model for the tunneling junction including the adsorbate and using nonequilibrium Green's functions techniques. The coupling between tunneling electrons and the molecule vibrational modes is taken into account by a local electron-phonon interaction term. In a second step we estimate the excitation rate of the molecule vibrations for a given laser power. This value is then used to obtain the relative change in the rectified current when the laser is in resonance with a molecule vibration. For a moderate laser power of 2 kW/cm² a relative change of 1 to 3% is predicted.     

Simultaneous projectile-target ionization: a novel approach to (e, 2e) experiments on ions

A kinematically complete experiment for simultaneous ionization of a projectile and target has been performed for 3.6 MeV/u C2+ on He collisions measuring the final vector momenta of the He1+ recoil ion and of two electrons (projectile, target) in coincidence with the emerging C3+ projectile. The feasibility of an event-by-event separation of the various reaction channels, among them the ionization of C2+ by the interaction with a quasifree target electron, is demonstrated in agreement with six-body classical trajectory Monte Carlo calculations, paving the way to kinematically complete electron-ion scattering experiments.     

高电荷态离子126Xeq+与Ti固体表面作用的激发光谱

报道用150keV的高电荷态离子¹²⁶Xe^q+（6≤q≤30）轰击Ti固 体表面产生2 00—1000nm波段发射光谱的实验结果.结果显示，用电荷态足够高的离子作光谱激发源，无 需很强的束流强度（nA量级），便可激发起样品表面的原子和离子在可见光波段的特征谱线 .当入射离子剥离度q>q_c≈20时，Ti原子及其离子的特征谱线强度突然显著增强 ；不 同金属靶，特征谱线突然增强的q_c值不同.理论分析表明，这与q大于此临界值 后，单电子转移释放能量激发靶材料传导电子气体的表面等离激元密切相关. 关键词： 低速高电荷态离子 特征谱线 经典过垒模型 等离激元     

Excitation of autoionization resonances in collisions of helium atoms with fast ions

A theoretical model of collisions between fast ions and atoms is proposed which describes the effect of projectiles on the excitation of autoionization resonances. The model takes into account the change in the binding energy of electrons in a target atom induced by the field of a projectile, the effect of the field of the atom on the kinematics of the ion scattering, as well as the effect of the intermediate (1snl)¹ L states on the two-electron excitation mechanism. The charge dependence of the excitation cross section of the (2s ²)¹ S and (2s2p)¹ P resonances is found to be weaker than in the first order of the perturbation theory and is in qualitative agreement with experimental data. The reasons for the emergence of such a charge dependence are analyzed.     

Dynamics of ionization mechanisms in relativistic collisions involving heavy and highly-charged ions

The dynamics of mechanisms associated with the ionization of inner-shell electrons in relativistic collisions involving heavy and highly-charged ions is investigated within a nonperturbative approach formulated explicitly in the time domain. The theoretical treatment is based on the exact numerical solution of the time dependent Dirac equation for two Coulomb centers on a lattice in momentum space. We present results for ionization in encounters between 100 MeV/u Au⁷⁹⁺ projectile ions impinging on a hydrogen-like uranium target. By directly visualizing the collision dynamics we identify a new ionization mechanism in which electrons are emitted from the internuclear region preferentially in the transverse direction with respect to the projectile trajectory. A striking characteristic of this ionization mechanism is that the velocity of the electron is higher than the projectile velocity. Received 26 June 2001 and Received in final form 27 November 2001     

Inner shell ionization by heavy,charged particles and associated energy loss of the projectile

The process ofL- andM-shell ionization of atoms by heavy, charged particles is analysed in detail by a semiclassical, time-dependent perturbation method. The target electrons are described by non-relativistic hydrogenic wave functions. For the projectile is assumed a well-defined straight-line path. The Coulomb deflection and the screening is partially taken into account. The theoretical values of the total cross section is in reasonable agreement with experimental values. The condition of validity for the semi-classical method is shown to be fulfilled for all non-relativistic projectile energies. The projectile energy loss by ionization is further shown to be of negligible importance for the resolution of magnetic spectrographs used in nuclear structure physics.     

共轭聚合物MEH-PPV的固态阴极射线发光

在有机／无机异质结ZnS／MEH－PPV／ZnS器件中，交流驱动条件下，实现了共轭聚合物MEH－PPV的固态阴极射线发光，器件的发光光谱与MEH－PPV的光致发光谱相同。电子经过ZnS层加速后，成为过热电子，这些过热电子直接碰撞激发MEH－PPV而发光。在日光灯照明下，可以看到器件的均匀发光。     

Incomplete-Fusion-Fragmentation Model and Nuclear Liquid-Gas Phase Transition

Incomplete-Fusion-Fragmentation Model is used to analyze the multifragmentation of the projectile remnant in 600MeV/u Au+Au reaction.The theoretical resultsof the mass number,the excitation energy and the thermodynamical temperature of the projectile remnant agree well with experimental data.The backbending structure in the curve of temperature as a function of the excitation energy per nucleon,i.e. the evidence of liquid-gas phase transition,is reproduced and reasonably related to the decay modes phase transformation from dominance of the multifragmentation mode to the vaporization mode.