Generalized statistical description of adsorption of polyatomics

Multisite-occupancy adsorption is described as a fractional statistic problem, based on Haldane’s statistics. Site exclusion is characterized by a statistical exclusion parameter, g, which relates to the molecular size and lattice geometry. A general adsorption isotherm is obtained and comparisons with experiments indicate that the spatial configuration of adsorbed molecules and lateral interactions may accurately be assessed from this theory. In addition, the theoretical framework developed in this paper allows to describe orientational transitions occurring in adlayers of polyatomics.     

The energetics of NH3 adsorption at the MgO(001) surface

Ab initio quantum-mechanical calculations based on density-functional theory and the pseudopotential method have been used to study the adsorption of the NH₃ molecule at the MgO(001) surface. The calculations employ slab geometry and periodic boundary conditions, with the occupied orbitals expanded in plane waves. The reliability of the theoretical methods has been verified by calculations on the bare surface and the isolated molecule. Four different adsorption geometries have been studied, and in each case the equilibrium configuration has been determined by full relaxation of the system. The two most stable configurations have about the same adsorption energy, and this energy agrees well with the results of recent thermal desorption measurements. Intermolecular repulsion is found to be a dominant effect at monolayer coverage, but becomes small at coverages below 25%. It is shown that chemical effects are not significant, and that the adsorption mechanism is predominantly physisorption.     

Adsorption of V on a hematite (0 0 0 1) surface and its oxidation: Submonolayer coverage

The adsorption of submonolayer V on an idealized model hematite (0 0 0 1) surface and subsequent oxidation under atomic O adsorption are studied by density functional theory. The preferred adsorption sites, adsorption energy and configuration changes due to V and O adsorption are investigated. It is found that in most cases V forms threefold bonds with surface O atoms, inducing a large geometry change at the hematite surface and near surface region and a bond stretch between surface Fe and O. The adsorption energy is mainly decided by interplay between adsorbed metal-surface oxygen bonding and adsorbed metal - subsurface metal interaction. The relative energy of subsequent O adsorption and geometry depends on the reformed V/hematite structure. Electronic properties such as projected densities of states and chemical state change upon V adsorption are studied through both periodic slab and embedded cluster localized orbital calculations; both strong vanadium-oxygen and vanadium-iron interactions are found. While V generally donates electrons to a hematite surface, causing nearby Fe to be partially reduced, the Fe and V oxidization state depends very much on the coverage and detailed adsorption configuration. When the V/hematite system is exposed to atomic O, V is further oxidized and surface/near surface Fe is re-oxidized. Our theoretical results are compared with X-ray surface standing wave and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements. The influence of d-electron correlation on the predicted structures is briefly discussed, making use of the DFT + U scheme.     

纳米微结构表面与石墨烯薄膜的界面黏附特性研究

石墨烯性能的发挥受石墨烯表面形貌的影响,而石墨烯表面形貌则与基底密切相关.石墨烯在纳米微结构表面的吸附与剥离可以为石墨烯的功能化制备和转移提供理论基础.分子动力学模拟能提供石墨烯在纳米微结构表面的吸附构型和剥离特性等详细信息,可以弥补实验的不足.本文利用LAMMPS分子动力学模拟软件,从吸附能角度研究了石墨烯在矩形微结构表面的黏附特性,并进一步探讨了石墨烯从矩形微结构表面剥离的行为.研究表明:石墨烯的吸附构型在矩形微结构表面的转变是连续的,但由部分贴合状态向完全贴合状态的转变是一个反复的过程,当石墨烯完全贴合微结构表面时吸附能最大;从微结构表面剥离石墨烯时,剥离力会出现周期性的波动.剥离过程表现为两种形式:完全贴合时,石墨烯是直接滑过槽底;而当悬浮构型或部分贴合构型时,石墨烯是直接从微结构表面分离.本文给出了平均剥离力随微结构尺寸参数变化的理论公式,该公式与模拟结果拟合较好.此外,随着剥离角度的变大,平均剥离力先变大后变小,从平整基底表面剥离具有Stone-Wales缺陷结构的石墨烯会使剥离力变大.研究结果可为探究石墨烯在纳米微结构表面的剥离行为、揭示其黏附机理提供理论参考.     

咖啡酸分子表面增强拉曼光谱的理论与实验研究

咖啡酸（CA）是一种具有很高的医学价值的药物成分,在抗菌抗病毒方面应用广泛,尤其是咖啡酸及其衍生物在抗肿瘤方面有着巨大作用,现在对咖啡酸的相关研究越来越多,但大部分都是关于咖啡酸医学性质的研究,所以对咖啡酸分子的微观结构研究是非常有必要的。目前关于CA在Ag表面上的表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）光谱的理论与实验结合的研究尚未见报道,而对其振动光谱及表面增强机理的研究可以为咖啡酸的各种药学机理的研究提供一种科学的物理解释,所以有必要将密度泛函理论（DFT）方法与表面增强拉曼散射技术相结合,对咖啡酸在Ag纳米颗粒上的吸附性质及表面增强机理进行全面的研究,这对推进它们在医药学等领域的相关研究有着重要的参考价值。采用SERS与DFT技术对CA分子在Ag纳米颗粒表面上的表面增强拉曼光谱进行了研究。在实验方面,利用热还原反应原理,使用柠檬酸三钠和硝酸银在加热搅拌情况下制备Ag纳米颗粒,并使用激光共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪测量了CA分子的常规拉曼散射（NRS）光谱及其表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）光谱。在理论计算方面,采用DFT的B3LYP方法,以6-31+G**和LANL2DZ分别作为C,H,O和Ag的计算基组来优化咖啡酸的分子构型,羟基与Ag₄的吸附构型,羧基与Ag₄的吸附构型,羟基与羧基共同与Ag₄吸附的构型,并以此为基础分析计算了CA分子的NRS光谱以及三种可能吸附模型的SERS光谱,并结合实验结果进行比较。同时对CA分子的振动模式进行了详细指认。根据实验数据和理论结果分析,在452 cm-1处的谱峰归属为环面外弯曲振动和O-H面外弯曲振动的耦合,这说明CA分子上的酚羟基是与Ag纳米颗粒表面作用的,不过相互作用较弱,推测CA分子平面可能与Ag基底表面不垂直;出现在1 338 cm-1处的谱峰归属于COO-伸缩振动,则可以说明CA分子上的羧基可能与Ag纳米颗粒垂直吸附。结果表明,CA分子是以羧基和酚羟基为吸附位吸附在Ag纳米颗粒表面上的。同时对CA分子的振动模式进行了详细指认。该工作对推进咖啡酸在生物医药等领域进一步的应用将起到重要作用。     

本征及掺杂磷烯对2,3,7,8-TCDD吸附机理的计算模拟研究

2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并对二噁英(2,3,7,8-TCDD)是二噁英家族中危害人类和环境最显著的一种.设计一种高效,灵敏的吸附剂来检测和去除2,3,7,8-TCDD对人类和环境的影响是亟需解决的问题.本研究利用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的计算模拟方法探索了本征磷烯对2,3,7,8-TCDD的吸附机理,并详细考察了掺杂Ti, Fe, Ca, Al金属原子后磷烯对2,3,7,8-TCDD吸附的影响.研究结果表明2,3,7,8-TCDD初始构型会影响磷烯对其吸附,当平躺于磷烯表面时有较大的吸附.而且掺杂金属原子的磷烯对2,3,7,8-TCDD的吸附也存在较大的影响,掺杂金属原子均增大了磷烯对2,3,7,8-TCDD的吸附,其中Ca掺杂磷烯>Fe掺杂磷烯>Ti掺杂磷烯>Al掺杂磷烯.研究结论对于2,3,7,8-TCDD的处理带来了新的思考方向,有望为二噁英的检测和去除提供有用的理论指导.     

CO在Pu(100)表面吸附的研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了CO分子在Pu (100)面上的吸附. 计算结果表明：CO在Pu (100)表面的C端吸附比O端吸附更为有利,属于强化学吸附. CO吸附态的稳定性为穴位倾斜>穴位垂直>桥位>顶位. CO分子与表面Pu原子的相互作用主要源于CO分子的杂化轨道和Pu原子的杂化轨道的贡献. 穴位倾斜吸附的CO分子的离解能垒较小(0.280eV),表明在较低温度下,CO分子在Pu (100)表面会发生离解吸附,离解的C,O原子将占据能量最低的穴位. 关键词： 密度泛函理论 Pu (100) CO 分子和离解吸附     

奥硝唑在TiO_2(101)晶面上吸附特征的理论研究

奥硝唑残留是一种新兴污染物,对环境和人类健康具有巨大的威胁.采用密度泛函理论,研究了奥硝唑在锐钛矿TiO_2(101)晶面的吸附特性.优化了奥硝唑在锐钛矿TiO_2(101)晶面的吸附结构,计算了最佳吸附位点,吸附能,态密度,电子结构图.结果表明,当咪唑环上N(3)原子吸附在TiO_2的Ti(5)原子上时,吸附能最大,为最稳定的吸附构型.通过对吸附构型的分析,我们发现C(2)-N(3)键呈现变弱趋势,我们推测奥硝唑在TiO_2表面降解的可能性以及反应活性位点就是咪唑环上C-N键.     

CO在Pu(100)表面吸附的研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了CO分子在Pu (100)面上的吸附. 计算结果表明：CO在Pu (100)表面的C端吸附比O端吸附更为有利，属于强化学吸附. CO吸附态的稳定性为穴位倾斜>穴位垂直>桥位>顶位. CO分子与表面Pu原子的相互作用主要源于CO分子的杂化轨道和Pu原子的杂化轨道的贡献. 穴位倾斜吸附的CO分子的离解能垒较小(0.280eV)，表明在较低温度下，CO分子在Pu (100)表面会发生离解吸附，离解的C，O原子将占据能量最低的穴位.     

N2在页岩干酪根上的吸附特征

采用密度泛函理论的wB97XD方法、RDG函数方法和counterpoise correction理论,研究氮气在干酪根C₂₈H₁₄O和氮掺杂干酪根C₂₇H₁₄ON上的吸附特征。结果表明：N₂在干酪根上的活性吸附位点为苯环上方中心位置,吸附能在8~10 kJ·mol^-1之间,N₂和干酪根之间的相互作用主要是范德华相互作用和空间排斥作用。氮掺杂改变了干酪根的构型和电子云分布,导致含氮杂环不再是稳定的活性吸附位点,增强了排斥作用,使吸附能略有减小。研究结果对理解干酪根吸附小分子的特征有重要意义,能够为页岩气的开采提供理论支持。     

Energetics of Carbon deposition on Fe(100) and Fe(110) surfaces and subsurfaces

Spin-polarized density functional theory calculations have been performed to investigate carbon deposition and carbide formation on Fe(100) and Fe(110) at different carbon coverage. On Fe(100) with increasing carbon coverage, the most stable carbon adsorption configuration changes from surface carbon adsorption to surface carbon diffusion into subsurface, and surface carbon clustering is not favored thermodynamically. However, surface carbon clustering is more favored kinetically than carbon diffusion; and carbon diffusion into subsurface and surface carbon clustering become competitive. On Fe(110) with increasing surface carbon coverage, the most stable adsorption configuration changes from surface carbon adsorption to surface carbon diffusion into subsurface, and this process is favored both kinetically and thermodynamically, and surface carbon clustering is neither favored nor competitive. Surface carbon deposition might form on Fe(100), while carbide formation might be found on Fe(110).     

Pulse Characteristics of Cavityless Solid-State Laser

We propose a theoretical model(cavityless pulsed solid-state-laser theory) to analyze the pulse characteristics of cavity-less solid-state lasers. A high gain Nd:YVO_4 end-pumped cavityless laser system is adopted to verify the theoretical model. It shows that the performance of output energy and pulse width achieved in cavityless configuration is better than that in resonator configuration when the small-signal gain reaches the saturated level.The simulation results calculated by our theoretical model agree very well with the experimental results. This agreement proves the validity of our theoretical model, which has great importance for theoretical analyses of high gain pulsed laser.     

N_2在单原子催化剂Ir/MoS_2表面上吸附的第一性原理研究

利用密度泛函理论,在slab模型下,研究N_2在单原子催化剂Ir_1/MoS_2上的吸附行为,结果表明,N_2的优势吸附位为Ir原子的顶位,构型为垂直向下,吸附能达到1.57 eV,是化学吸附.电子结构说明主要是吸附N原子的2Pz轨道在Z方向上与Ir的5d_z~2、5d_(xz)、5d_(yz)、6P_z混合得以使N_2稳定吸附在Ir原子上.     

Study of the adsorption of interacting dimers on square lattices by using a cluster-exact approximation

A theoretical approach, based on exact calculation of the partition function on finite rectangular clusters, is introduced to study the adsorption of interacting homonuclear dimers on square lattices. An efficient algorithm allows us to calculate the detailed structure of the configuration space for m=(k×l) clusters with m varying from 8 to 48. The adsorption process has been monitored by following thermodynamic properties such as coverage versus chemical potential, internal energy and specific heat of the adlayer, etc. The analytical results are compared with those in [Surf. Sci. 411 (1998) 294], which were obtained by using Monte Carlo simulation and finite-size scaling techniques. The theoretical adsorption isotherms and phase diagrams (critical temperature versus coverage) for both attractive and repulsive lateral interactions are in good qualitative agreement with the computational data. This agreement between simulated and theoretical results supports the validity of the cluster-exact approximation proposed in this paper.     

三氧化钨表面氢吸附机理的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,在广义梯度近似下,研究了立方WO_3,WO_3(001)表面结构及其氢吸附机理.计算结果表明立方晶体WO_3理论带隙宽度为0.587 eV.WO_3(001)表面有WO终止(001)表面和O终止(001)表面两种结构,表面结构优化后W—O键长和W—O—W键角改变,从而实现表面弛豫;WO终止(001)表面和O终止(001)表面分别呈现n型半导体特征和p型半导体特征.分别计算了H原子吸附在WO终止(001)表面和O终止(001)表面的H—O_(2c)—H,H—O_(2c)…H—O_(2c),H—O_(1c)—H和H—O_(1c)…H—O_(1c)四种吸附构型,其中H—O_(1c)—H吸附构型的吸附能最小,H—O键最短,H失去电子数最多,分别为-3.684 eV,0.0968 nm和0.55e,此吸附构型最稳定.分析其吸附前后的态密度,带隙从吸附前的0.624 eV增加到1.004 eV,价带宽度基本不变.H的1s轨道电子与O的2p,2s轨道电子相互作用,在-8和-20 eV附近各形成了一个较强的孤立电子峰,两个H原子分别与一个O_(1c)原子形成化学键,最终吸附反应生成了一个H_2O分子,同时产生了一个表面氧空位.     

Shift of whispering-gallery modes in microspheres by protein adsorption

Biosensors based on the shift of whispering-gallery modes in microspheres accompanying protein adsorption are described by use of a perturbation theory. For random spatial adsorption, theory predicts that the shift should be inversely proportional to microsphere radius R and proportional to protein surface density and excess polarizability. Measurements are found to be consistent with the theory, and the correspondence enables the average surface area occupied by a single protein to be estimated. These results are consistent with crystallographic data for bovine serum albumin. The theoretical shift for adsorption of a single protein is found to be extremely sensitive to the target region, with adsorption in the most sensitive region varying as 1/R(5/2). Specific parameters for single protein or virus particle detection are predicted.     

An ab initio study of SiH2 fragments on the Si(001) surface

Density functional theory calculations have been performed to find the minimum energy adsorption configuration for SiH₂ on the Si(001) surface. Of the four sites considered, the two most stable are found to differ in adsorption energy by less than 0.01 eV. The energy of a second adsorption event on an adjacent site has been evaluated for the two favourable structures; in one case a strong repulsive interaction is found between the adsorbates, effectively preventing this structure from contributing to the growth mechanism. Recent experimental studies are assessed in the light of these results.     

Growth of unidirectional molecular rows of cysteine on Au(110)-(1 x 2) driven by adsorbate-induced surface rearrangements

Using scanning tunneling microscopy we have studied the nucleation and growth of unidirectional molecular rows upon adsorption of the amino acid cysteine onto the anisotropic Au(110)-(1 x 2) surface under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. By modeling a large variety of possible molecular adsorption geometries using density-functional theory calculations, we find that in the optimum, lowest energy configuration, no significant intermolecular interactions exist along the growth direction. Instead the driving force for formation of the unidirectional molecular rows is an adsorbate-induced surface rearrangement, providing favorable adsorption sites for the molecules.     

Atomic and electronic structure of styrene on Ge(100)

Coverage-dependent adsorption structures of styrene on a Ge(100) surface were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The most favorable configuration at room temperature is that the two styrene molecules are bound to two Ge dimers with paired end-bridged (PEB) configuration via the reaction of the vinyl CC double bond. The phenyl rings of the two styrene molecules are trans relative to the Ge dimer rows. Due to the bulky and electronic nature of the phenyl ring, its spatial orientation relative to the Ge surface affects the thermodynamic stability of each configuration. The buckling properties of surface Ge dimers also affect their interaction with the phenyl ring. Simulated STM images of this PEB configuration for empty states explain well the adsorption features observed in the experiment, as well as for filled states. Detailed electronic structures were also investigated through the PDOS analysis.     

五角石墨烯吸附H2S的第一性原理计算

硫化氢作为一种神经毒物和腐蚀性气体污染物,严重威胁人体健康并限制工业的发展.本文采用第一性原理计算的方法,研究了H₂S气体分子在原始五角石墨烯、非金属掺杂及金属掺杂五角石墨烯上的吸附行为.详细计算了H₂S气体分子与五角石墨烯之间的吸附构型、吸附能及电荷转移.结果表明:1)原始五角石墨烯和非金属元素掺杂五角石墨烯与H₂S气体分子间仅为微弱的物理吸附,无法直接用于吸附H₂S气体;2) Co、Ni、Cu及Ti掺杂的五角石墨烯对H₂S气体的吸附作用显著增强.当金属掺杂在sp~2C位置时,掺杂五角石墨烯对H₂S气体的吸附效果较好,此时的吸附均为化学吸附;3) Co、Ni、Cu及Ti掺杂的五角石墨烯均可作为H₂S气体的传感/捕获材料.其中Cu掺杂五角石墨烯吸附H₂S气体的效果最好.本文的研究结果对设计开发基于五角石墨烯的H₂S气体传感/捕获材料提供了理论指导.