小尺寸正方形铁磁薄膜边界效应对磁化翻转过程的影响

用自旋动力学方法系统地研究磁偶极相互作用表现的边界效应对小尺寸正方形铁磁薄膜的磁化翻转过程的影响.在确定的磁偶极相互作用强度下,针对不同的单轴各向异性强度和不同的磁化角(外磁场与易轴间的夹角),具体给出矫顽场与磁化角及单轴各向异性强度之间的依赖关系和-些有代表性的磁滞回线,并给出磁化翻转过程中-些有代表性的微观磁结构.模拟结果表明:磁偶极相互作用表现的边界钉扎作用与单轴各向异性场之间的竞争决定磁滞回线的形状和矫顽场的大小,从而在不同磁化角情况下会导致不同的矫顽场机理.本文提出可有效地描述正方形铁磁性薄膜复杂微观磁畴结构的形成与演变的五磁畴模型.这种五磁畴模型既能直接揭示单轴各向异性正方形铁磁薄膜的几何特性和物理特性,也方便于磁化翻转过程的分析.     

一维钻石链反铁磁Ising模型磁化的模拟

采用Monte Carlo模拟方法对自旋为1/2的一维钻石链反铁磁Ising系统的磁化行为进行研究.在这个系统中,反铁磁的交换作用和三角结构导致存在自旋阻挫.重点研究不同的反铁磁自旋交换作用对系统磁行为和自旋构型的影响.模拟磁化曲线中M=M_S/3磁化平台,得到平台宽度随不同的自旋交换相互作用强弱的变化关系,以及出现磁化平台时格点的自旋构型;给出亚稳态存在的条件及亚稳态时的微观构型.研究磁滞回线随温度的变化关系.结果表明,随着温度的升高,磁滞回线逐渐减小,最终消失.     

磁性单层膜磁学性质的Monte Carlo模拟

采用类Ising模型,利用Monte Carlo方法研究了磁性单层膜中退磁性偶极作用和铁磁性交换作用对系统磁学性质的影响.结果显示,随着偶极相互作用的增加,系统在低温下的磁化出现平台现象,此时磁化曲线可分为2个阶段,在低外场下,温度升高,系统易磁化,在高外场下则反之.这种新奇的磁化行为导致系统的磁熵变在低温低外场下出现大于零的反常行为.在模拟过程中,对长程力作用采用了比较精确的处理方法.     

低维螺旋磁体纳米条带中磁场驱动的磁结构演变规律

利用蒙特卡洛方法研究了低维螺旋磁体纳米条带中磁场驱动的磁结构演变规律,以及偶极相互作用对螺旋磁体纳米条带中磁结构的影响.研究表明,螺旋磁体纳米条带中的自旋结构由自旋的面内取向平行或垂直于边界的边缘态和中间聚集态两部分构成.在一定范围内增加外磁场,条带边缘平行于边界的自旋排列将增多,最终将在条带外围形成大的磁涡旋环,该涡旋环十分稳定,即使在很强的外磁场下仍然存在.处于条带中间的聚集态随着外磁场的增大,从磁螺旋态逐步过渡到Skyrmions态,最终形成铁磁态.Skyrmions的排列状况与条带尺寸密切相关.此外,偶极相互作用对磁矩平行于边界且首尾顺次连接的排列起积极作用,在无外磁场作用下,随着偶极相互作用的增大,体系终将形成涡旋态.     

CoFe2O4和MnFe2O4纳米复合介质的制备及其磁性研究

采用热分解法制备了分散程度高且平均晶粒尺寸为20 nm的CoFe₂O₄和MnFe₂O₄复合介质.低温磁化曲线测量显示,制备的复合介质具有软-硬磁交换弹性耦合效应,且合成温度以及软磁和硬磁相的成分比例对磁交换弹性耦合的强度有很大的影响.变温磁测量显示,温度为20K时,复合纳米介质的表面自旋冻结效应导致饱和磁化强度显著增加.Henkel测量显示,对分散的CoFe₂O₄和MnFe₂O₄复合介质,磁偶极相互作用占主导作用.     

高斯型非均匀应力对铁磁薄膜磁化性质的影响

采用Monte-Carlo方法研究了高斯型非均匀应力对的铁磁薄膜磁化性质的影响.结果表明: 与易轴平行的拉应力和与易轴垂直的压应力能够增大系统的矫顽场, 而与易轴平行的压应力和与易轴垂直的拉应力则会减小系统的矫顽场.在矫顽场增大(减小)的同时, 系统还伴随着剩磁及其矩形度的增大(减小).更有意义的是, 在与易轴平行的压应力或与易轴垂直的拉应力作用下, 在应力的集中区域会出现“易轴旋转”的现象. 这种产生“易轴旋转”的应力集中区域的范围强烈地依赖于应力的强度和分布宽度. 关键词： 铁磁薄膜 非均匀应力 Monte-Carlo方法 磁滞回线     

单一晶相氧化锰纳米颗粒的交换偏置效应

本文利用高温油相法制备出尺寸、形状均一的 MnO纳米颗粒, X射线衍射图 (XRD) 和透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 照片清晰表明MnO纳米颗粒为单一的面心立方岩盐晶体结构, 尺寸为15nm, 粒径分布很窄. 通过零场冷却 (ZFC) 和带场冷却 (FC)的磁滞回线发现MnO纳米颗粒具有明显的交换偏置效应, 而且磁滞回线同时表现出横向和纵向偏移. 横向偏移说明纳米颗粒中两相复合的存在, 纵向偏移说明了存在自旋玻璃相或者超顺磁相. 进而通过不同频率下随温度变化的交流磁化率的测定, 根据Mydosh的经验数值确认 MnO纳米颗粒表面层为自旋玻璃相, 并得到 MnO纳米颗粒表面自旋玻璃相的转变温度为T_SG=32K. 关键词： 纳米颗粒 氧化锰 交换偏置 自旋玻璃     

Co-SiO2颗粒膜中颗粒相互作用的温度和尺寸依赖关系

我们在真空离子束溅射设备中制备了Co-SiO2颗粒膜，其结构和磁性分别利用透射电子显微术（TEM）和铁磁共振（FMR）来研究。TEM分析表明Co纳米颗粒相互独立地分布在SiO2介质中，且尺寸分布非常窄。室温转角FMR实验显示薄膜具有单轴各向异性，变温FMR实验被用来研究在100－300K温度范围内的颗粒间相互作用强度随温度变化的关系（我们利用一理论模型计算了颗粒集合体中的铁磁部分所占比例和超顺磁部分所占比例）。我们发现颗粒间相互作用强度除了与温度有关之外，还与Co颗粒的尺寸直接相关。     

推广的Jaynes-Cummings模型中原子纠缠的时间演化和热纠缠态

利用共生纠缠度研究了一个推广Jaynes Cummings模型中两原子纠缠的时间演化和有限温度下系统热纠缠态. 结果表明，腔场中两原子展现出周期性的纠缠演化过程，演化周期随原子偶极 偶极相互作用强度的增大而减小；在有限温度下，系统的共生纠缠度随温度的升高而降低，当趋近临界温度时，系统纠缠现象消失，这一临界温度值与原子偶极-偶极相互作用强度成正比. 对于典型的实验数据，临界温度约在10-5K数量级. 此外，在这种Jaynes Cummings模型中存在量子相位转变. 关键词： Jaynes Cummings模型 原子纠缠态 热纠缠态 共生纠缠度 偶极 偶极相互作用     

利用光晶格自旋链中磁振子的激发模拟有限温度下光子的动力学 Casimir 效应

研究了在静磁场诱导的磁偶极-偶极相互作用和外部激光场诱导产生的偶极-偶极相互作用下光晶格自旋链中磁振子激发的动力学特征. 文中选取了蓝失谐光晶格, 提出了等效温度的概念, 并将系统中磁振子的激发过程与光学振动腔中光子的激发过程进行了类比. 研究表明, 通过选取适当的系统参数, 可以在磁振子系统中重现有限温度下光子的动力学Casimir效应. 关键词： 光晶格 偶极－偶极相互作用 磁振子 Casimir效应     

Microscopic measurements in La-NQR of the ternary carbide superconductor LaNiC2

¹³⁹La-NQR measurements have been carried out in the ternary carbide superconductor LaNiC₂. The nuclear quadrupole frequency and the asymmetry parameter of ¹³⁹La in LaNiC₂ were estimated to be about 1.9 MHz and 0, respectively. In the normal state, the nuclear spin relaxation rate (1/T₁) in the ¹³⁹La NQR signal was proportional to temperature (T) in zero external field above the superconducting transition temperature (T_c) or in an external field larger than the superconducting critical field, which means the system is in the Fermi-liquid state. In the superconducting state, on the other hand, 1/T₁ decreases no more linearly with T, but decreases rapidly exponentially as exp (−Δ/k_BT) at low T with an appreciable enhancement just below T_c. The value of the superconducting energy gap, 2Δ, was estimated to be 3.34k_BT_c, compared with 3.52k_BT_c of the BCS-value. This result strongly suggests that the superconductivity in LaNiC₂ is of a conventional BCS type.     

Cross relaxation of the proton magnetization in ammonium compounds

Expressions are derived for the time constants T_1D and T_SD of the NH₄ protons in tunneling ammonium compounds below the line-width transition temperature. T_1D characterizes the speed of the spin-lattice relaxation of the dipolar energy and T_SD the speed of the cross relaxation between the A and T symmetry species. The expressions should be valid if all the tunnel splittings between the T species levels are larger than the magnetic dipolar interaction. Predictions are compared with new experimental results on T_SD in (NH₄)₂PbCl₆ and with some earlier results on T_SD and T_1D in (NH₄)₂ SnBr₆ and NH₄ClO₄. They support the conclusion that for T_1D>T_SD the T levels are nondegenerate, while the condition T_1D< T_SD refers to at least a partial degeneracy.     

Cu NMR study of the superconducting thiospinel Cu1.5Rh1.5S4

The ⁶³Cu NMR Knight shift K and spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T₁ have been measured to study the thiospinel superconductor Cu_1.5Rh_1.5S₄ from a microscopic viewpoint. K is negative and has a weak dependence on temperature, and the hyperfine coupling constant H_hf^d is estimated to be −52.4 kOe/μ_B. 1/T₁ is proportional to the temperature in the normal state. In the superconducting state, 1/T₁ takes a coherence peak just below T_c, and decreases exponentially well below T_c, from whose temperature dependence the superconducting energy gap has been proved to be close to 2Δ = 3.52k_BT_c given by the BCS theory.     

Investigation of the static and dynamic magnetic properties of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles

We have investigated the magnetic behavior of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 7.2 nm. AC susceptibility of colloidal cobalt ferrite nanoparticles was measured as a function of temperature T from 2 to 300 K under zero external DC field for frequencies ranging from f=10 to 10,000 Hz. A prominent peak appears in both χ′ and χ″ as a function of T. The peak temperature T₂ of χ″ depends on f following the Vogel–Fulcher law. The particles show superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature, with transition to a blocked state at T_B^m94 K in ZFC and 119 K in AC susceptibility measurements, respectively, which depends on the applied field. The saturation magnetization and the coercivity measured at 4.2 K are 27.3 emu/g and 14.7 kOe, respectively. The particle size distribution was determined by fitting a magnetization curve obtained at 295 K assuming a log-normal size distribution. The interparticle interactions are found to influence the energy barriers yielding an enhancement of the estimated magnetic anisotropy, K=6×10⁶ erg/cm³. Mössbauer spectra obtained at higher temperatures show a gradual collapse of the magnetic hyperfine splitting typical for superparamagnetic relaxation. At 4.2 K, the Mössbauer spectrum was fitted with two magnetic subspectra with internal fields H_int of 490, 470 and 515 kOe, corresponding to Fe³⁺ ions in A and B sites.     

High temperature susceptibility of semimagnetic-semiconductor Zn1-xMnxS

This paper gives an analysis of the high temperature susceptibility of diluted semimagnetic-semiconductor Zn_{1 − x}Mn_xS. The high-temperature susceptibility of Zn_{1 − x}Mn_xS was found to behave in accordance with the Curie-Weiss law. From _χ(T) measurements the exchange integral of Mn²⁺ -Mn²⁺ interaction 2J₁/k_B = (-34.6±0.5) K (effective exchange integral) was obtained. A spin S = 2.6±0.1, close to its atomic value S = , was also found. The role of the superexchange in this alloy is shortly discussed at the end of the paper.     

基于T2截止值的幂函数构建毛管压力曲线

岩心核磁共振（NMR）T₂谱和毛管压力曲线都在一定程度上反映了岩石孔隙结构，理论分析表明可利用T₂谱构建毛管压力曲线，由此快速获取储层孔隙结构的信息．本文对18块岩样T₂分布和毛管压力曲线进行了分析，提出将T₂截止值作为幂函数的分段点，采用分段幂函数方法构建岩样的NMR毛管压力曲线，并与采用不分段幂函数方法获得的毛管压力曲线进行了对比．研究结果表明，与不分段幂函数方法相比，分段幂函数方法得到的结果和压汞实验测定的毛管压力曲线吻合度更高，平均拟合度（R²）达到0.943 1，并且论证了T₂截止值作为分段点进行分段幂函数法构建NMR毛管压力曲线的合理性和可靠性．T₂截止值的引入提高了幂函数法构建NMR毛管压力曲线的精度，是利用NMR T₂谱构建岩样毛管压力曲线的有价值探索．     

Evidence of Verwey transition in iron- and iron oxide-encapsulated carbon nanotubes

Magnetization measurements in two different samples of iron- and iron oxide-encapsulated carbon nanotubes are presented. The samples showed coercivity smaller than 1 kOe. The dependence of the coercivity with the temperature has an abrupt change at temperatures close to 125 K. In this temperature the ZFC and FC magnetization curves also present an abrupt change. This effect is attributed to a Verwey transition.     

The effect of Magic Angle Spinning on proton spin–lattice relaxation times in some organic solids

Proton spectra of solids are usually broadened by strong proton homonuclear dipolar interactions. However, substantial line narrowing may be achieved by Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) in systems of low proton density or in systems in which rapid molecular motions occur. In such conditions, T₁(H) measurements are often used to characterise the dynamics of each resolved proton site. We show that T₁(H) values measured for solid organic compounds with high proton abundance, such as adamantane and glycine, may be strongly dependent on the spinning rate employed, so that care is required when values are compared. The effects of molecular motion and proton density on T₁(H) and its dependence on spinning rate were investigated. We found that an increase in molecular motion leads to an increase of T₁(H) at higher spinning rates. The opposite is found for systems with low proton densities which show relatively lower T₁(H), at higher spinning rates. A possible interpretation is suggested in terms of the reduced spin diffusion efficiency at higher spinning rates.     

Magnetic properties and domain structure of polycrystalline DyFe3

Magnetization σ vs. temperature T was measured from 80 to 700 K in polycrystalline DyFe₃ in a magnetic field H = 10 kOe. From σ = f(T), the Curie temperature was determined. Also, σ was measured vs. H from 0 to 70 kOe at 4.2 K. Magnetization at saturation σ₀ at 4.2 K and the magnetic moment of DyFe₃ were also determined. First observations of domain structure in DyFe₃ are reported. The mean domain with is determined in its dependence on the grain size . The magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant of polycrystalline DyFe₃ is determined as K₁ = -1.2×10⁷ erg/cm³.     

Molecular dynamics of polycrystalline cellobiose studied by solid-state NMR

Molecular motions of polycrystalline cellobiose have been investigated by measuring proton spin–lattice relaxation times, T₁ and T_1ρ, and the second moment, M₂, in both protonated and D₂O exchanged forms over the temperature range 120–380 K. T₁ relaxation is dominated by the motions of hydroxyl groups between 150 and 380 K, characterised by an activation energy of about 8.74 kJ/mol, whereas T_1ρ relaxation is driven by the motions of the same groups between 120 and 300 K. T_1ρ results suggest that hydroxyl groups have a distribution of dynamics. Motion of methylene groups was detected in the second-moment experiments at about 350 K, characterised by activation energy of about 40 kJ/mol. Consideration of the calculated and observed rigid-lattice second moments suggests that the reported X-ray data are incorrect for the inter-proton distance on C6′. ¹³C CPMAS spectra of both protonated and deuterated cellobiose have also been measured. Spectra of the deuterated material showed the existence of a second crystalline form in addition to the normal form.