共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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一、物理学中的对称及启示对称就是指物体相同部分有规律的重复。对称变换亦称对称操作,是指使对称物体(或图形)中的各个相同部分,作有规律重复的变换动作。德国女数学家艾米.诺特(EmmyNoether,1882~1935)指出:如果运动规律在某一变换下具有不变性,必然存在一个对应的守恒定律。爱因斯坦建立狭义相对论的开创性论文《论动体的电动力学》开头是这样写的:大家知道,麦克斯韦电动力学(像现在通常为人们所理解的那样)在用于运动物体时,就要引起一些不对称,而这种不对称似乎不是现象所固有的。他这里所说的不对称,指的是闭合导体(如螺线管)相对磁… 相似文献
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传统的经典扩散理论常常将分子和物体假设为球形,这些分子和物体的扩散是无偏移各向同性的。然而,当我们在纳米尺度去看分子和物体时,这些分子和物体呈现出各种不对称的结构。进一步,当我们观察的时间有限到小于几十纳秒时,我们会看到这些分子和物体的自由扩散表现出与它们的初始方位相关的特性。对于像甲醇分子这样的小分子,在约100 ps的有限时间内,常温下,不对称扩散能占到总扩散的10%左右。这样的不对称扩散丰富了分子的扩散理论,对生命和其他自然界现象的理解具有重要的意义,同时也可能提供一种通过控制分子的方向来驱动分子的方法。 相似文献
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传统的经典扩散理论常常将分子和物体假设为球形,这些分子和物体的扩散是无偏移各向同性的。然而,当我们在纳米尺度去看分子和物体时,这些分子和物体呈现出各种不对称的结构。进一步,当我们观察的时间有限到小于几十纳秒时,我们会看到这些分子和物体的自由扩散表现出与它们的初始方位相关的特性。对于像甲醇分子这样的小分子,在约100 ps的有限时间内,常温下,不对称扩散能占到总扩散的10%左右。这样的不对称扩散丰富了分子的扩散理论,对生命和其他自然界现象的理解具有重要的意义,同时也可能提供一种通过控制分子的方向来驱动分子的方法。 相似文献
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引入了一类新的积分变换,即对称变换。这类变换在空间域和空间频率域中实现的变换操作是相同的。换句话说,如果一个积分变换器对信号本身及其Fourier频谱作相同的变换操作,那么这种变换即为对称变换。给出了对称变换的成立条件,即当积分变换核是所谓的类自Fourier变换函数时,此变换即为对称变换。并提出了类自Fourier变换函数的一种构造方式。同时还指出,光学中的分数Fourier变换即是一种对称变换。 相似文献
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考虑各向异性油藏渗透率张量的表征,利用Green函数和拉普拉斯变换建立裂缝流动的一维单元,裂缝的流量分布采用节点线性插值,裂缝内的流动处理为线性积分,耦合地层与人工裂缝的流动,建立有限导流裂缝井底压力的求解方法.结果表明:多裂缝压裂水平井存在压裂裂缝线性流、地层线性流、系统径向流3种流动形态,压裂裂缝条数越多,相同的生产时间,无因次井底压降越小;裂缝条数对流动影响明显.随着裂缝条数的增加,压降变化减小;裂缝长度和导流能力有相似的变化.人工裂缝与井筒角度越大,产能越大,当裂缝垂直于井筒时,产量最大;地层最大渗透率方向垂直于人工裂缝时产量最大,平行裂缝时产量最小.当人工裂缝垂直于井筒,并同时垂直于地层最大渗透率方向时,达到最大产量值. 相似文献
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本文研究了耦合布朗马达在溶液摩擦对称性破缺条件下的定向输运问题.详细讨论了溶液阻尼系数比,周期外力以及耦合作用对布朗粒子定向输运的影响.研究发现:溶液摩擦的不对称性不仅能促进摩擦棘轮的定向输运,且合适的溶液阻尼系数比还可以使耦合棘轮的定向输运达到最强.此外,一定摩擦阻尼条件下外力振幅可以使耦合粒子的定向输运呈现多峰结构.研究还发现合适的自由长度和耦合强度也能增强摩擦棘轮的输运特性.研究结果不仅能够启发实验上选取合适的摩擦阻尼来优化布朗马达的输运,也可为信息容量大、反应速度快的纳米器件的制备提供一定的理论参考. 相似文献
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基于分形理论和连续性假设,考虑页岩气吸附解吸、基质-裂缝窜流等机制,建立分形裂缝性页岩气藏多段压裂水平井试井解释模型,并通过拉氏变换、点源函数及压降叠加原理等方法得到模型的解.绘制无因次压力随时间变化的双对数曲线,研究分形裂缝性页岩气藏多段压裂水平井的压力特征,分析分形指数、分形维数等参数对压力动态的影响.结果表明:分形裂缝性页岩气藏多段压裂水平井的压力动态可划分为7个流动阶段;分形指数越大或分形维数越小,晚期径向流直线段的斜率越大;其它参数对水平井的压力动态也有一定的影响. 相似文献
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Through the research presented herein, it is quite clear that there are two thermodynamically distinct types (A and B) of energetic processes naturally occurring on Earth. Type A, such as glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, apparently follows the second law well; Type B, as exemplified by the thermotrophic function with transmembrane electrostatically localized protons presented here, does not necessarily have to be constrained by the second law, owing to its special asymmetric function. This study now, for the first time, numerically shows that transmembrane electrostatic proton localization (Type-B process) represents a negative entropy event with a local protonic entropy change () in a range from −95 to −110 J/K∙mol. This explains the relationship between both the local protonic entropy change () and the mitochondrial environmental temperature (T) and the local protonic Gibbs free energy () in isothermal environmental heat utilization. The energy efficiency for the utilization of total protonic Gibbs free energy ( including ) in driving the synthesis of ATP is estimated to be about 60%, indicating that a significant fraction of the environmental heat energy associated with the thermal motion kinetic energy (kBT) of transmembrane electrostatically localized protons is locked into the chemical form of energy in ATP molecules. Fundamentally, it is the combination of water as a protonic conductor, and thus the formation of protonic membrane capacitor, with asymmetric structures of mitochondrial membrane and cristae that makes this amazing thermotrophic feature possible. The discovery of energy Type-B processes has inspired an invention (WO 2019/136037 A1) for energy renewal through isothermal environmental heat energy utilization with an asymmetric electron-gated function to generate electricity, which has the potential to power electronic devices forever, including mobile phones and laptops. This invention, as an innovative Type-B mimic, may have many possible industrial applications and is likely to be transformative in energy science and technologies for sustainability on Earth. 相似文献
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基于保角变换和镜像反映原理,建立五点法水平井与直井混合注采井网流场数学模型,导出其势函数和流函数数学表达式,得到五点法混合注采井网内部等势线和流线分布.研究水平井长度、水平井与直井连线夹角、平面各向异性及水平井不同平面位置等因素对混合注采井网内部流场分布的影响.结果表明:混合注采井网水平井跟端和趾端,流线分布相对密集,两端位置产液能力较强;水平段越长,其流线控制的泄油面积越大;水平井与直井连线成45°角时,水平井与正对的两口直井间的驱替强度相对较大;水平井垂直于主渗透率方向时,流线均匀密集地汇聚到生产井,易形成线性驱替;混合注采井网内部水平井偏离中心位置程度越大,流线分布疏密分化越明显. 相似文献
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We consider a one-dimensional totally asymmetric exclusion model with quenched random jump rates associated with the particles, and an equivalent interface growth process on the square lattice. We obtain rigorous limit theorems for the shape of the interface, the motion of a tagged particle, and the macroscopic density profile on the hydrodynamic scale. The theorems are valid under almost every realization of the disordered rates. Under suitable conditions on the distribution of jump rates the model displays a disorder-dominated low-density phase where spatial inhomogeneities develop below the hydrodynamic resolution. The macroscopic signature of the phase transition is a density discontinuity at the front of the rarefaction wave moving out of an initial step-function profile. Numerical simulations of the density fluctuations ahead of the front suggest slow convergence to the predictions of a deterministic particle model on the real line, which contains only random velocities but no temporal noise. 相似文献
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This article uses the phse space path integral method to
find the propagator for a particle with a force quadratic in velocity.
Two specific canonical transformations has been used for this purpose. 相似文献
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A. D. Alhaidari 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》2003,42(12):2999-3009
Given a spatially dependent mass, we obtain the 2-point Green's function for exactly solvable nonrelativistic problems. This is accomplished by mapping the wave equation for these systems into well-known exactly solvable Schrödinger equations with constant mass using point canonical transformation. The one-dimensional oscillator class is considered and examples are given for several mass distributions. 相似文献
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