拟反相液相色谱法快速测定饮料中咖啡因含量的研究

本文建立了饮料中咖啡因含量的快速检测方法。采用拟反相色谱法,以极性硅胶柱配以高水量的流动相,所测9种饮料样品均能在4min内快速完成分离测定。系统研究了影响咖啡因保留的多种因素,优化后的最佳测定条件为:采用Inertsil100-5SIL色谱柱(150×4.6mm i.d.,5μm),以乙腈-0.03mol·L-1甲酸钠溶液(pH=2.9)(体积比5∶95)为流动相,检测波长274nm。将其用于饮料中咖啡因的测定,线性范围为0.2~1 000μg·mL-1(r=0.9995),检出限(S/N=3)为0.05μg·mL-1。回收率为92.3%~105.7%,精密度(RSD)<3.5%。同时还对咖啡因的保留机理进行了探讨。     

拟反相液相色谱法快速测定奶茶中咖啡因含量的研究

采用拟反相色谱法以极性硅胶柱配以高水量的流动相,测定奶茶中咖啡因的含量,以0.03 mol·L-1甲酸钠溶液(pH 2.9)-乙腈(95∶5)为流动相,5 min内可快速完成样品测定。其线性范围为0.2～1 000mg·L-1,线性系数(r)为0.999 5,检出限(S/N=3)为0.05 mg·L-1。方法的回收率为98%～103%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为1.9%～3.6%。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定对虾组织中噁喹酸残留

建立了测定对虾血淋巴、肌肉和肝胰腺等组织中噁喹酸含量的反相高效液相色谱法。采用乙腈提取对虾血淋巴、肌肉、肝胰腺和鳃组织中噁喹酸,色谱柱为Aglient Zorbax SB-C18柱(150×4.6mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.01mol·L-1四丁基溴化铵(磷酸调节pH为2.75)为流动相,流速1.0mL·min-1,荧光检测器检测。噁喹酸在0.002~10μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2=0.9996~0.9999。加标回收率为84.70%~90.60%,日内、日间精密度(RSD)分别为1.60%~4.02%、2.91%~4.73%,定量限分别为0.02μg·mL-1、0.01μg·g-1、0.02μg·g-1和0.02μg·g-1。该方法操作简单,重现性好,适用于对虾样品中噁喹酸含量的分析。     

氟甲砜霉素注射液含量及其有关物质的HPLC测定

为建立测定氟甲砜霉素注射液含量的方法,采用高效液相色谱法,选用Agilent EclipseXDB-C8柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),Lab Alliance C8保护柱(4.6 mm×10 mm,5μm),流动相为(V乙腈) V(水)=35 65,流量1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长224 nm,进量样20μL,柱温为室温。结果表明,方法的线性范围为10.0～400μg.mL-1(r=0.999 6),最低检测限2.0 ng。回收率98.7%～101.2%,RSD 0.30%～1.22%(n=5)。方法简便灵敏,结果准确可靠,可用于氟甲砜霉素注射液的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定玫瑰花口服液中没食子酸、芦丁、槲皮素和山奈素

建立了同时测定玫瑰花口服液中没食子酸、芦丁、槲皮素和山奈素的高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定方法。采用Agilent HC-C18色谱柱(250×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为0.5%磷酸-甲醇,梯度洗脱;流速0.8mL·min-1;柱温30℃;检测波长260nm。结果显示:没食子酸在40.7～244.20μg·mL-1、芦丁在25～150μg·mL-1、槲皮素在13.3～80μg·mL-1、山奈素在2.69～16.2μg·mL-1线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.9997、0.9993、0.9998、0.9994。4组分平均回收率分别为99.2%、101.2%、98.8%、99.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.60%、1.02%、0.62%、0.57%(n=3)。该方法准确、简便,适合上述4种有效成分的同时测定。     

超声辅助分散液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定蜂蜜中的咖啡因

采用超声辅助分散液相微萃取技术结合高效液相色谱法测定蜂蜜中的咖啡因。将样品用水溶解配制成100g·L-1样品溶液,取7.5 mL样品溶液,加入三氯甲烷120μL和甲醇1.5mL,混匀后超声5min,离心后吸取5μL沉积相,在WondasilTM C18色谱柱上分离,以甲醇(1+1)溶液为流动相进行洗脱,紫外检测波长为274nm。咖啡因的线性范围为10.0~500μg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)为9μg·L-1。测定值的相对标准偏差为2.7%~4.1%,加标回收率在96.6%~104%之间。     

高效液相色谱法测定贯叶连翘中的4种成分

本文利用高效液相色谱法同时测定中药贯叶连翘中绿原酸、芦丁、金丝桃苷和槲皮素四种成分的含量。采用Tiahhe Kromasil C18 100 A(5μm,250mm×4.6 mm)反相色谱柱;流动相为V(乙腈)∶V(水)=20∶80(含0.02%三氟乙酸);紫外检测波长270nm;流速1.0 ml/min;柱温40℃。绿原酸、芦丁、金丝桃苷和槲皮素线性范围分别为3.4~34μg.mL-1(r=0.9993),1.8~18μg.mL-1(r=0.9998),2.3~23μg.mL-1(r=0.9999),3.5~35μg.mL-1(r=0.9991),平均回收率(n=5)分别为98.4%(RSD=1.48%),101.8%(RSD=0.74%),103.7%(RSD=0.77%),103.5%(RSD=1.28%)。方法线性范围宽、相对标准偏差低、精密度高、重现性好,应用于贯叶连翘及制剂样品的测定,结果令人满意。     

高效液相色谱法测定氧氟沙星胶囊中氧氟沙星的含量

建立测定氧氟沙星胶囊中氧氟沙星含量的高效液相色谱法。选用AgilentEclipseXDBC8柱(250mm×4.6mmi.d.,5μm)及LabAllianceC8保护柱(10mm×4.6mmi.d.,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(体积比为25∶75,含20.0mmol/L磷酸二氢钾及0.2%三乙胺,用0.2%磷酸溶液调至pH=5.50),流动相流速为1.0mL/min,检测波长为293nm,进样量为20μL,外标法定量。测定氧氟沙星胶囊中氧氟沙星含量的线性范围为1.00～200μg/mL(r=0.9998),回收率为98.8%～100.7%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.75%～1.17%(n=5)。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定牙膏中黄芩甙

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测牙膏中黄芩甙的分析方法。样品用75%乙醇超声提取20min,8 000r/min离心10min,取5mL上清液经MAX固相萃取柱处理,5%甲酸-甲醇溶液洗脱后氮吹浓缩后分析。采用ZORBAX SB C18色谱柱;流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸(体积比22∶78),检测波长为276nm。该方法线性范围1～100μg·mL-1,加标回收率81.3%～101.6%,检出限3.0mg·kg-1。方法准确、重现性好,干扰能力强,适用于牙膏中黄芩甙的检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定间甲氧基苯硫酚

提出了用反相高效液相色谱法测定间甲氧基苯硫酚,样品用乙腈作溶液,以EclipseXDB-C8色谱柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)为分离柱,乙腈-水体积比60比40混合溶液作流动相,测定波长为254nm,外标法定量测定了间甲氧基苯硫酚及杂质间甲氧基苯酚和间甲氧基苯硫酚二硫化物的含量。三者的检出限(3S/N)分别为0.51,0.48,0.50mg·mL-1,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.03%～1.77%之间,回收率在98.1%～100.5%之间。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.