贯众多糖提取及其抗氧化作用

采用水提-醇沉法从贯众中提取多糖,脱脂、去蛋白,经冷冻干燥后得到粗多糖。通过比色法研究其体外清除羟基自由基能力。贯众多糖具有较好的清除.OH的能力,且其清除能力与多糖浓度有明显的量效关系。清除50%羟基自由基所需要的多糖浓度为3.9m g/mL。     

微波辅助提取壶瓶枣多糖及其抗氧化性

采用微波辅助法提取了壶瓶枣多糖,并对壶瓶枣粗多糖(CP)、脱蛋白多糖(DP)对·OH、O-2·和DPPH·3种自由基的清除作用进行了研究.结果表明:壶瓶枣CP和DP对3种自由基都有明显的清除作用,清除率与多糖浓度存在明显的量效关系.壶瓶枣CP和DP对·OH、O-2·和DPPH·的半清除率(IC50)值分别为0.2312、0.9326、0.1830mg/mL和0.5049、0.2016、0.0694mg/mL.CP清除能力为DPPH·＞· OH＞O-2·,DP清除能力为DPPH· ＞O-2·＞·OH.     

甘肃临泽小枣多糖提取及抗氧化性

研究了甘肃临泽小枣的抗氧化活性.采用邻二氮菲-Fe<'2+>-H<,2>O<,2>氧化法、邻苯三酚自氧化法以及卵黄脂蛋白不饱和脂肪酸过氧化体系对小枣多糖抗氧化作用进行了测定.临泽小枣多糖对羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基均有清除能力,并能抑制卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化作用,在相同浓度下,多糖提取液对羟自由基清除能力最强、抑制卵黄脂...     

蕨菜醇提取物的抗氧化特性

采用二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH)体系、羟基自由基体系、超氧阴离子自由基体系,对蕨菜醇提取物抗氧化特性进行研究,并同Vc、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)进行比较.结果表明:蕨菜醇提取物对这几种自由基均有不同程度清除作用,对DPPH自由基清除能力最强,当浓度为0.6mg/mL时,清除能力已超过BHT,当醇提物浓度为0.8mg/mL时,清除率已达83.6％,但一直小于Vc.醇提物浓度为15mg/mL时,对羟基自由基的清除率为82.4％,对超氧阴离子清除率为52.6％,在实验浓度范围内,抗氧化性小于Vc和BHT.     

南北五味子多糖的提取及清除自由基作用的对比分析

采用水提醇沉法提取五味子中多糖并用分光光度法在620nm波长下测定药物中总多糖的含量,并采用可见分光光度法测定其清除自由基的活力,对比分析南北五味子中多糖与清除自由基作用的相关性.结果显示,五味子中含有丰富的多糖,南北五味子多糖和清除自由基作用存在差异(P＜0.05).测定结果为分析中药抗衰老的药效提供参考资料.     

荚果蕨多糖的组成分析及其抗氧化活性

提取分离从陕西省宁陕县采集的荚果蕨根状茎中的多糖成分,采用高效液相色谱法分析单糖组成,应用羟自由基清除法评价其抗氧化作用.荚果蕨根状茎经超声辅助水提取、醇沉、脱蛋白和透析后得多糖,将多糖水解并用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)衍生化后进行高效液相色谱分析;同时,测定荚果蕨多糖对羟自由基的清除效果.荚果蕨根状茎中多糖由葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖3种单糖组成,摩尔比为3.50∶1.39∶1,其中葡萄糖的含量明显高于其他单糖含量;荚果蕨根状茎中多糖能有效对羟自由基的半数抑制浓度(IC50)为0.74mg/mL,具有较强的抗氧化作用,且呈浓度依赖关系.本实验方法简便灵敏,结果准确可靠,为综合开发利用荚果蕨提供科学依据.     

用化学发光法研究蜂胶对氧自由基的清除作用

应用化学发光法研究了蜂胶对超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基的清除作用.结果表明,蜂胶的乙醇提取液能有效地抑制超氧阴离子和羟基自由基诱导的鲁米诺化学发光,随着发光体系中蜂胶浓度的升高,发光强度呈现下降趋势.该结果显示,蜂胶能显著地清除机体外产生的超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基,呈现量效关系,蜂胶是一种制造抗氧化食品或药品的优质原料.     

用气相色谱和红外光谱对羧甲基化南瓜多糖结构的研究

采用超声辅助法提取南瓜多糖并对其进行分离和羧甲基化;邻苯三酚自氧化法测定羧甲基南瓜多糖对超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用;气相色谱法、红外光谱对南瓜粗多糖及其组分AP1的化学结构进行了分析.结果表明,羧甲基南瓜多糖能有效清除超氧阴离子自由基,并随着浓度的增加清除作用增强.该结果提示羧甲基南瓜多糖具有抗氧化性.气相色谱证明南瓜多糖由阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、核糖、甘露塘、果糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖组成.南瓜AP1多糖由阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、核糖、果糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖组成.红外光谱分析证实南瓜多糖具有糖类物质的特征吸收峰,同时存在呋喃环和吡喃环.     

新疆肉苁蓉多糖清除活性氧自由基

研究了肉苁蓉多糖体外抗氧化活性。以抗坏血酸为对照,以类Fenton反应产生羟自由基,多巴胺自氧化反应产生超氧阴离子自由基,次氯酸钠与过氧化氢反应产生单线态氧、二苯代苦味肼基自由基为实验模型,采用紫外-可见分光光度法和化学发光分析法,首次测定新疆肉苁蓉多糖对超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基、DPPH.自由基（二苯代苦味肼基自由基）、单线态氧的清除作用。结果表明：新疆肉苁蓉多糖对上述自由基均有明显清除作用,且清除作用与多糖浓度呈正相关性。     

三种中草药抗氧化性研究

微波辅助法提取3种中草药中黄酮类化合物,从还原能力、清除羟基自由基和抗油脂氧化方面,研究其抗氧化活性。结果表明：3种中草药中,总黄酮含量从高到低依次为：老鹤草（132.516mg/g）、豨莶草（78.4749mg/g）、白花蛇舌草（35.6519mg/g）。其提取物具有较好的还原能力,且对羟基自由基均有明显的清除作用,其清除效果随提取物浓度的增加而增强。三种中草药提取物也具有一定的抗油脂氧化能力,它们的抗氧化能力存在差异。实验结果为我们更加合理开发利用这些药用植物提供了很好的科学依据。     

臭牡丹黄酮类化合物提取及其抗氧化作用

研究臭牡丹中黄酮类化合物的最佳提取工艺条件及其抗氧化活性.以提取时间、料液比、提取温度、乙醇体积分数为主要影响因素,以黄酮类化合物提取率为考察指标,确定最佳提取工艺条件,并通过对亚硝酸盐、超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基的清除效果及对猪油的抗氧化研究其抗氧化活性.结果表明,臭牡丹中黄酮类化合物的最佳提取工艺条件为提取时间2.0h、料液比1∶40（g/mL）、提取温度70℃、乙醇体积分数70％的条件下提取效果最好,臭牡丹中黄酮类化合物在各抗氧化体系中均表现出较强的抗氧化活性,且其作用具有剂量效应关系,其抗氧化活性均强于维生素C.     

葡萄籽中多酚类物质对氧自由基清除作用的ESR研究

用ESR自旋捕集技术研究了从葡萄籽分离的单体、二聚体和三聚体等多酚类物质对羟基自由基和超氧阴离子的精除作用,并与化学发光法的测定结果进行了比较,得到了较一致的结果,证明葡萄籽中多酚类物质对氧自由基的确有较好的清除作用,这很可能是喝少量葡萄酒有利于身体健康的原因.     

Effects of resveratrol and its analogs on scavenging hydroxyl radicals: Evaluation by EPR spin trapping method

Resveratrol (3,4′,5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) and six analogs, polyhydroxystilbenes, were synthesized. Their effects on scavenging hydroxyl radicals were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping method. The EPR signal intensity of the spin adduct of hydroxyl radical to 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide was detected and used as a standard for the evaluation of the effect of the seven compounds on scavenging hydroxyl radicals. While all seven compounds exhibited hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity, some of them proved to be more effective than resveratrol in this model. Another stable but low-intensity spin adduct was also observed by EPR. A possible assignment is proposed.     

Measurement of hydroxyl radical production in ultrasonic aqueous solutions by a novel chemiluminescence method

Measurement methods for ultrasonic fields are important for reasons of safety. The investigation of an ultrasonic field can be performed by detecting the yield of hydroxyl radicals resulting from ultrasonic cavitations. In this paper, a novel method is introduced for detecting hydroxyl radicals by a chemiluminescence (CL) reaction of luminol-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-K5[Cu(HIO6)2](DPC). The yield of hydroxyl radicals is calculated directly by the relative CL intensity according to the corresponding concentration of H2O2. This proposed CL method makes it possible to perform an in-line and real-time assay of hydroxyl radicals in an ultrasonic aqueous solution. With flow injection (FI) technology, this novel CL reaction is sensitive enough to detect ultra trace amounts of H2O2 with a limit of detection (3sigma) of 4.1 x 10(-11) mol L(-1). The influences of ultrasonic output power and ultrasonic treatment time on the yield of hydroxyl radicals by an ultrasound generator were also studied. The results indicate that the amount of hydroxyl radicals increases with the increase of ultrasonic output power (< or = 15 W mL(-1)). There is a linear relationship between the time of ultrasonic treatment and the yield of H2O2. The ultrasonic field of an ultrasonic cleaning baths has been measured by calculating the yield of hydroxyl radicals.     

Effective ultrasound electrochemical degradation of methylene blue wastewater using a nanocoated electrode

A novel sonoelectrochemical catalytic oxidation-driven process using a nanocoated electrode to treat methylene blue (MB) wastewater was developed. The nano-scale (nanocoated) electrode generated more hydroxyl radicals than non-nano-scale (non-nanocoated) electrodes did. However, hydroxyl radicals were easily adsorbed by the nanomaterial and thus were not able to enter the solution. Supersonic waves were found to enhance the mass-transfer effect on the nanocoated electrode surface, resulting in rapid diffusion of the generated hydroxyl radicals into the solution. In solution, the hydroxyl radicals then reacted with organic pollutants in the presence of ultrasonic waves. The effect of the nanocoated electrode on the MB wastewater treatment process was enhanced by ultrasound when compared to the non-nanocoated electrode used under the same conditions. The synergy of the nanocoated electrode and ultrasonic waves towards MB degradation was then studied. The optimum operating conditions resulted in a 92% removal efficiency for TOC and consisted of a current of 600 mA, an ultrasound frequency of 45 kHz, and a supersonic power of 250 W. The mechanism of ultrasound enhancement of the nanocoated electrode activity with respect to MB treatment is discussed. The reaction intermediates of the sonoelectrochemical catalytic oxidation process were monitored, and degradation pathways were proposed. The sonoelectrochemical catalytic oxidation-driven process using nanocoated electrodes was found to be a very efficient method for the treatment of non-biodegradable wastewater.     

Computational mechanistic investigation of radiation damage of adenine induced by hydroxyl radicals

The radiation damage of adenine base was studied by B3LYP and MP2 methods in the presence of hydroxyl radicals to probe the reactivities of five possible sites of an isolated adenine molecule. Both methods predict that the C8 site is the more vulnerable than the other sites. For its bonding covalently with the hydroxyl radicals, B3 LYP predicts a barrierless pathway, while MP2 finds a transition state with an energy of 106.1 kJ/mol. For the hydroxylation at the C2 site, the barrier was calculated to be 165.3 k J/mol using MP2 method. For the dehydrogenation reactions at five sites of adenine, B3 LYP method predicts that the free energy barrier decreases in the order of H8 H2 HN62 HN61 HN9.     

甘青铁线莲花不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化性比较

采用邻二氮菲-Fe²⁺氧化法,邻苯三酚自氧化法以及卵黄脂蛋白不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）过氧化体系,对甘青铁线莲花乙醚提取物、甲醇提取物、乙醇提取物和槲皮素的抗氧化活性进行测定和比较。结果表明,甘青铁线莲花不同溶剂提取物对不同的自由基清除作用差异较大。与槲皮素相比较,各提取物对超氧阴离子自由基（·O₂^-）清除的强弱为:槲皮素>乙醚提取物>乙醇提取物>甲醇提取物。对于羟基自由基（·OH）的清除能力乙醚提取物优于其他2种提取物,但低于槲皮素,对抑制卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化（LPO）作用的大小依次为乙醇提取物>槲皮素>乙醚提取物>甲醇提取物。因此,不同溶剂的提取物均具有一定的抗氧化性,其中乙醚提取物对几种自由基的清除作用相对较好,三种提取物对脂质过氧化物作用抑制最强,可以作为潜在的天然抗氧化剂开发利用。     

香菇中总黄酮含量的测定及抗氧化活性研究

采用浓度为70%的乙醇提取香菇中的总黄酮物质,分光光度法测定香菇中的总黄酮含量,研究了香菇中黄酮类化合物对超氧自由基、羟基自由基的清除作用,结果表明：香菇中总黄酮提取率为0.738%,香菇中黄酮类化合物对清除自由基有一定的作用,且黄酮类化合物的添加量在试验范围内与其抗氧化性呈正相关。