基于暗原色先验的遥感图像去雾方法

针对雾天条件下获得的遥感图像清晰度、对比度和色彩保真度下降,继而影响遥感图像后续应用的问题,考虑到遥感图像数据量大、景深变化小、几乎不含有天空区域的特点,提出一种改进的基于暗原色先验规律的遥感图像快速去雾方法。在保证去雾效果的前提下,对原暗原色先验去雾算法做出了针对性的改进,采用直接求取每个像素点r、g、b三个颜色通道强度值的最小值来获取图像的暗原色图,该方法大幅降低了算法的复杂度,避免了繁重的计算。实验结果表明,改进的去雾算法能够快速有效地去除雾对遥感图像的干扰,提高图像清晰度,还原景物真实色彩,处理时间仅为原算法的2%,可以满足遥感图像实时处理的要求。     

基于中值滤波和偏振调制的雾天偏振图像快速增强方法研究

针对现有偏振去雾算法难以兼顾去雾效果和实时性问题,提出了一种基于中值滤波和偏振调制的雾天偏振图像快速增强方法。利用中值滤波估算大气光;采取半反法估计无穷远处大气光强,并基于大气散射模型对图像进行恢复;使用场景偏振度对恢复的图像进行偏振调制增强。相比较其他方法,文章通过降采样方法减少图像尺寸,选取小尺度的滤波窗口,在保持足够的大气光估算精度的同时,显著降低了处理时间,并采用偏振调制和直方图均衡化方法提高目标与背景的对比度,较好地解决了去雾效果和算法实时性问题。实验结果表明,经过该方法增强的图像,在信息熵、去雾前后梯度比、目标与背景对比度等三个指标上都有较大提升,达到了良好的去雾效果;对于分辨率为1393×986的图像,处理时间仅为16ms,完全满足实时性要求。     

基于暗通道先验的无人机图像去雾算法研究

对于单幅图像去雾处理,暗通道先验算法具有较好的效果,但该算法处理时间长,对储存资源与计算资源要求很高,很难应用于无人机图像去雾。在暗通道先验算法的基础上进行改进,提出了一种快速的去雾算法,首先通过优化滤波器直接获得高精度的透射率,避免了原算法后续的抠图处理,显著降低了计算复杂度;然后针对去雾图像偏暗、灰度分布偏离原始图像的情况,以原始图为参考,采用直方图规定化方法进行增强处理,提高了亮度,改善了去雾图像的视觉效果,与He算法相比,该算法不仅极大地降低了计算复杂度,速度提高了近5倍,而且保持了原始算法的去雾能力。     

近红外与可见光双通道传感器信息融合的去雾技术

为了对雾霾天气下的图像进行去雾处理,多幅图像去雾算法是常用的方法之一。多幅图像去雾算法也有多种形式,部分算法面临硬件实现困难、获取途径受限或者可实施性弱等问题,而且多幅图像比对处理时常常涉及图像配准,造成算法的实时性差、计算复杂度高等问题。针对以上问题,提出的算法为多幅图像去雾提供了新的思路,基于双目传感器硬件架构能够同时捕获近红外和可见光图像,将近红外传感器图像作为新的数据源,近红外传感器能够在一定程度上穿透雾霾,在雾天捕获可见光传感器无法捕获的图像细节,而且硬件实现简单。可见光图像的颜色信息较丰富,近红外传感器图像对近处场景细节的描述能力较好,捕获的图像稍加校正就能实现完全配准,将近红外图像与可见光图像进行融合,在去雾的同时,可以将近红外传感器图像中的原始细节提取融合到彩色可见光传感器图像中,得到边缘、轮廓等细节信息更加丰富的去雾图像。基于上述思路,借助近红外传感器对边缘细节的描述能力和可见光传感器对颜色信息的反映能力,提出了一种基于近红外与可见光双通道传感器图像融合的去雾算法。首先,将彩色可见光图像转换到HIS彩色空间,分别得到亮度通道图像、色调通道图像和饱和度通道图像。先将其亮度通道图与近红外图像进行融合去雾处理。采用非下采样Shearlet变换（NSST）进行分解,对得到的高频系数进行双指数边缘平滑滤波器保边滤波处理,对低频系数进行反锐化掩蔽处理,通过融合规则和反向变换得到新的亮度通道图像。然后,在对可见光图像的色彩处理中,建立饱和度图的退化模型,采用暗原色原理对参数进行估计,得到估计的饱和度图。最后,将新的亮度通道图像,估计的饱和度图像和原色调图像反映射到RGB空间得到去雾图像。为了验证新算法的有效性,特选取四组雾天拍摄的真实近红外图像与可见光图像进行融合去雾处理,将融合结果与其他两种去雾方法对于彩色可见光图像的去雾效果进行比较。实验结果表明,该算法在提高图像的边缘对比度和视觉清晰度上有较好的效果。并提出将近红外传感器图像作为新的数据源,采用双通道图像融合方法进行去雾处理,为图像去雾提供的新的技术思路是可行的。该算法的优势在于：首先提出将图像融合方法与去雾算法相结合,得到了新的去雾算法的思路。将彩色可见光图像转换到HSI色彩空间,将其亮度通道图与近红外图像采用非下采样Shearlet变换方法进行融合处理,在去雾的同时,可以将近红外传感器图像中的原始细节提取融合到彩色可见光传感器图像中,使得去雾图像中的边缘、轮廓等细节信息更加丰富。其次,提出了在图像去雾算法中采用新的数据源--近红外传感器图像,从图像处理的角度,近红外传感器能够在一定程度上穿透雾霾,对于近处场景细节的描述能力较好,而且硬件实现简单,捕获的图像稍加校正就能实现完全配准,为后续的融合去雾算法带来了便利,为图像去雾提供了新的技术途径和路线。再次,采用的是多幅图像去雾算法,该算法基于双目传感器获取图像,可见光图像的颜色信息较丰富,近红外图像对于近处场景细节的描述能力较好,相对于单幅图像去雾算法,有更好的效果。最后,将可见光传感器图像映射到其他色彩空间,对于每个通道的图像根据其特征有针对性地进行处理。可见光图像的亮度通道图和近红外图像的处理采用了图像融合和增强处理,对于可见光图像饱和度通道的处理采用了图像复原算法,可以从整体上提升去雾效果,对细节特征有了进一步增强。该算法为图像去雾提供了新的技术途径和路线。     

基于DM6467的视频图像增强系统研究

针对雾气环境下实际图像亮度/对比度不佳的情况,提出了整体灰度拉伸和局部对比度增强算法,改善了图像的亮度和对比度。采用基于暗原色先验的图像去雾算法来去除视频监控中常常遇到的雾霾影响。为了消除块效应,将图像分成最小的块,即对每个像素提取暗原色,并采用邻近相似性原则修正暗原色,MATLAB仿真表明,改进后的算法可以很好地去除图像中的雾气。最后,完成了基于达芬奇DM6467的图像增强算法软件开发,实现了4路视频的输出、切换和图像增强。增强后的图像,其SSIM指标可提高50%以上,该系统可以有效地去除雾气对图像的影响,满足图像去雾增强的需要。     

基于双域分解的矿井下图像增强算法

为提高矿井下图像的对比度,并同步地抑制图像的雾尘和噪声,提出一种基于双域分解的矿井下图像增强算法.首先,采用双边滤波器将输入图像分解为低频图像和高频图像;其次,采用快速暗原色去雾算法和Gamma变换,实现低频图像的去雾和对比度提高;接着,采用非下采样Shearlet变换和二阶微分算子,实现高频图像降噪和增强;最后,将增强的低频、高频图像合成基础增强图像,并抑制粉尘散射模糊和过曝光白色伪影,得到最终增强图像.实验表明,该方法不仅能有效提高矿井下图像的对比度,还能有效抑制图像的雾气和噪声,具有广泛的应用前景.     

基于神经网络的低照度彩色图像增强算法

由于低照度彩色图像存在整体亮度低、对比度低、颜色偏暗和信噪比低等特点,所以经典图像增强算法对其增强效果非常有限。提出了一种利用BP神经网络进行彩色图像增强的算法,并将RGB图像转换成HSI图像,以保证增强处理不引起图像的色彩失真。实验证明:该方法显著地改善了低照度彩色图像的视觉效果,提高了图像整体亮度和图像的信噪比,可调节图像的动态范围,能增强图像的对比度和细节,可增加图像信息熵。     

结合光场深度估计和大气散射模型的图像去雾方法

目前大部分基于物理模型的图像去雾算法存在复原图像色彩失真和天空边界区域出现光晕效应的问题.为了解决这些问题,本文提出了一种将光场深度计算与大气散射模型相结合的图像去雾方法.该方法通过光场极平面图像计算得到场景深度,将场景深度信息计算所得的透射率与暗通道透射率融合得到最终透射率.同时利用场景深度对天空边界进行判定,单独对天空区域进行处理.在合成雾天图像和真实雾天图像上的实验结果表明,与现有的单幅图像去雾算法相比,本文提出的方法在峰值信噪比以及结构相似性上均有提升.同时对去雾之后的图像的色彩保真度以及光晕效应的抑制方面都取得了较好的结果 .     

基于优势特征图像融合的水下光学图像增强

针对水下光学图像颜色失真、非均匀光照、对比度低的问题,提出基于优势特征图像融合的水下光学图像增强算法.首先,提出改进的暗通道先验算法去除退化图像中的不均匀浑浊并均衡色彩;其次,对颜色校正图像分别使用基于加权分布的自适应伽玛校正算法和限制对比度自适应直方图均衡-同态滤波算法,增强颜色校正图像对比度并使其亮度均衡;最后,定义三幅融合图像即颜色校正图像、亮度均衡图像、对比度增强图像的关联权重图,通过多尺度融合算法获得融合图像.与单一预处理算法只能解决对应的退化现象相比,该算法对单幅退化图像进行多算法处理,得到三幅优势特征图像,通过不同权重的组合最大程度地将各优势特征相结合,得到的综合效果远超各单一算法优化效果,不再局限于解决颜色失真等单一问题.将本文算法与现有算法在主观评价和客观评价两方面进行实验对比,结果表明,该算法可以有效平衡水下图像的色度、饱和度及清晰度,视觉效果接近自然场景下的图像.     

一种基于单尺度Retinex的雾天降质图像增强新算法

雾图增强是智能管理系统的一个组成部分,在交通管理系统、公路收费站、轮船、飞机场等场合有着广泛的应用场景。比较了对数函数、双曲正切函数、反双曲正切函数对雾天降质图像亮度分量的调节能力,证明双曲正切函数具有比对数函数更宽的亮度调节能力。在此基础上提出一种基于单尺度Retinex的雾天图像增强方法。该算法首先把图像从RGB彩色空间转换到HSV空间,保持色调分量不变,采用中心可自适应调节的双曲正切函数增强图像的全局亮度,局部细节非线性变换处理进一步提高图像的局部对比度,运用线性拉伸对饱和度进行调整,实现颜色补偿。实验结果表明该方法去雾效果显著,且颜色自然。实验还结合方差、熵和算法运算时间等参数,对该算法与多尺度Retinex算法作比较,验证了该算法在图像对比度、细节增强方面的优越性,且算法速度快,具有应用于实时图像处理的能力。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Optical Pulse Compression Schemes That Use Nonlinear Bragg Gratings

Nonlinear optical pulse compression of picosecond pulses typically requires long lengths of optical fiber and multiple components. Periodic structures, such as fiber Bragg gratings, are highly dispersive at wavelengths outside of the photonic bandgap. This implies that such gratings can be used as very short all-fiber compressors. In this paper a number of such compression schemes are reviewed involving uniform and nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings, relying on both soliton and nonsoliton compression principles. Experimental results supporting the corresponding underlying theory are also presented. Finally, an extension of one of the compression schemes is shown, which allows the generation of adjustable high-repetition rate soliton trains.