挠率对螺旋管道内二次流的二阶效应

本文用螺旋坐标系和摄动法研究了在螺旋管道内的低雷诺数(R<17/(8~(1/2)))不可压缩流体的定常粘性流动,给出了完全的二阶摄动解。结果表明管道挠率在二阶摄动解时对二次涡有偏转和扭曲效应。本文还发现当雷诺数从很小值逐渐增大时,两次涡位置发生由左右相对到上下相对的有趣旋转。     

旋转方形截面螺旋管内流动与传热特性

利用数值计算方法研究了旋转矩形截面螺旋管内的粘性流动，分析了在离心力，科氏力共同作用下曲线管道中的二次流动结构、轴向流速分布、截面温度分布、摩擦系数比以及管道Nusselt数比随各参数的变化情况。计算结果表明：当旋转方向和主流方向相同时，旋转的作用与增大Dean数的作用相同，使得管道摩擦系数变大，管道换热效果增强，而当旋转方向和主流方向相反时，管道内流动结构变化十分明显，当F≈-1．2时(F为科氏力与离心力之比)，二次流出现类似于直扭管内的鞍状流动结构，轴向速度类似于静止直管内的流动结构，管道内的摩擦系数与静止直管内的摩擦系数大约相等，换热效果减至最弱；挠率对流动结构以及摩擦系数比和Nusselt系数比的影响效果与F有关。     

环形截面螺旋管道内的粘性流动

根据张量分析,建立了非正交的曲线柱坐标系巾的N-S方程,采用摄动法求解环形截面螺旋管道内的粘性流动。结果表明:环形截面上存在二次流     

环形管道与直管道中的磁流体力学流动

考虑矩形截面环形管道(图1)。轴向加匀强磁场B_0,径向电流为I.假设导电率σ及粘性系数η都是常数。设二次流小,可以忽略,其中。这时在柱坐标下无量纲方程组及边条件为     

环形激波聚焦流场特性的数值研究

针对环形激波聚焦过程产生的高温、高压特性,采用间断有限元方法模拟了环形激波在同轴圆柱 形激波管内的聚焦流场特性。计算结果表明,采用间断有限元方法能够有效地捕捉激波聚焦过程形成的二次 激波、涡环、三波交点和球面双马赫反射等主要流动特征。此外,通过改变环形管道内外半径对聚焦流场进行 模拟发现,环形管道外径对中心轴线上聚焦峰值压力的大小和位置影响较小,环形管道内径对中心轴线上聚 焦峰值压力的大小和位置影响较大。计算结果可以为工程应用提供一定的理论指导。     

复弯矩表示的非圆截面杆平衡的Schrdinger方程及其半解析解

弹性细杆的平衡和稳定性问题的研究在工程和分子生物学中有重要的应用背景。利用文中提出的复柔度概念,建立了用复弯矩表示的非圆截面杆平衡的Schrdinger方程。借助复曲率概念,导出以杆的曲率、挠率和截面相对Frenet坐标系的扭角为未知变量的2阶常微分方程,此方程与传统使用的Kirchhoff方程等价。文献中仅适用于圆截面杆平衡问题的Schrdinger方程为本文导出方程的特例。对于准对称截面杆,用小参数法分别建立了零次和一次近似方程,其中零次近似方程存在解析解。对于截面的主轴坐标轴与中心线的Frenet坐标轴重合的无扭转杆特殊情形,Schrdinger方程转化为Duffing方程,应用数值方法作出了Duffing杆变形后的三维几何图形。     

复弯矩表示的非圆截面杆平衡的Schrǒdinger方程及其半解析解

弹性细杆的平衡和稳定性问题的研究在工程和分子生物学中有重要的应用背景。利用文中提出的复柔度概念，建立了用复弯矩表示的非圆截面杆平衡的Schrǒdinger方程。借助复曲率概念，导出以杆的曲率、挠率和截面相对Frenet坐标系的扭角为未知变量的2阶常微分方程，此方程与传统使用的Kirchhoff方程等价。文献中仅适用于圆截面杆平衡问题的Schrǒdinger方程为本文导出方程的特例。对于准对称截面杆，用小参数法分别建立了零次和一次近似方程，其中零次近似方程存在解析解。对于截面的主轴坐标轴与中心线的Frenet坐标轴重合的无扭转杆特殊情形，Schrǒdinger方程转化为Duffing方程，应用数值方法作出了Duffing杆变形后的三维几何图形。     

多孔障碍物对预混火焰传播的影响

以甲烷为代表性气体,研究了半封闭管道中设置多孔障碍物对可燃气体爆炸火焰传播的影响,基于大涡模拟对实验进行了重现,对比了实验与模拟中火焰传播过程的形状、位置及速度,分析了模拟结果中火焰穿过障碍物前后的流场和表面积变化,给出了衡量火焰褶皱程度的指标及算法。结果表明:大涡模拟结果与实验结果有较好的一致性;火焰在存在障碍物的管道内传播,经历层流快速膨胀、受阻回流、湍流快速发展和脉动减速4个阶段,各阶段火焰依次分别呈现加速、减速、二次加速、二次减速的波动变化;当可燃气体在开口与点火位置同端的管道内爆炸,火焰在接近障碍物时,受管道封闭端和障碍物约束显著,而出现脉动回流现象;火焰穿过多孔障碍物后,传播速度骤升至峰值,较未穿过障碍物前的最大速度可增加58.7%;障碍物是导致火焰面破碎以及面积褶皱率增大的直接原因,火焰褶皱率最大可达44.8%,比未穿过障碍物前的最大褶皱率增大39.27%。     

方柱的涡脱落频率及端部影响的风洞实验

本文报告了用压力传感器测量方形柱体涡脱落的实验方法和结果。实验在大气边界层风洞进行。方柱的截面为正方形，高宽比为５。压力传感器在测试前经过严格的标定。测量结果表明，随着来源速度沿高度的变化，方柱的涡脱落频率也随高度而变，而且，在柱体端部附近，涡脱频率和Ｓｔ数发生明显的抑制。和二维柱体一样，在一定的Ｒｅ数范围内，三维柱体的Ｒｏ数与Ｒｅ数也存在一种线性关系。     

纳米粒子在方管中传输与沉降的研究

采用有限体积法离散并应用Simple方法对方截面弯曲管道内的纳米粒子传输和沉降进行了数值计算,结果表明Reynolds数和Schmidt数是影响纳米粒子传输和沉降的重要参数。粒子较小时,弯管中轴向速度较大的区域就是粒子的高浓度区域,沉降增强因子最大值出现在外弯侧的中心位置;粒子较大时,截面浓度的梯度值降低,沉降增强因子趋于平均,此时整个截面的粒子平均沉降。弯曲作用对于粒子较大且Dean数也较大时的影响更加明显。     

Fluid flow in a helical pipe

Without simplifying the N-S equations of Germano's^[5], we study the flow in a helical circular pipe employing perturbation method. A third perturbation solution is fully presented. The first- second- and third-order effects of curvature κ and torsion τ on the secondary flow and axial velocity are discussed in detail. The first-order effect of curvature is to form two counter-rotating cells of the secondary flow and to push the maximum axial velocity to the outer bend. The two cells are pushed to the outer bend by the pure second-order effect of curvature. The combined higher-order (second-, third-) effects of curvature and torsion, are found to be an enlargement of the lower vortex of the secondary flow at expense of the upper one and a clockwise shift of the centers of the secondary vortices and the location of maximum axial velocity. When the axial pressure gradient is small enough or the torsion is sufficiently larger than the curvature, the location of the maximal axial velocity is near the inner bend. The equation of the volume flux is obtained from integrating the perturbation solutions of axial velocity. From the equation the validity range of the perturbation solutions in this paper can be obtained and the conclusion that the three terms of torsion have no effect on the volume flux can easily be drawn. When the axial pressure gradient is less than 22.67, the volume flux in a helical pipe is larger than that in a straight pipe.     

Theoretical and Numerical Investigation of Flow Transition in Rotating Curved Annular Pipes

Flows in rotating curved annular pipes are investigated by employing a theoretical and numerical method. The numerical results and the perturbation solutions confirm each other. The variations of the flow structure, including the secondary flow and the axial flow, with the force ratio (the ratio of the Coriolis force to the centrifugal force), the curvature and the radius ratio (the ratio of the radius of the inner circle to the radius of the outer circle of the annular pipe) are discussed in detail. The nature of the wall shear stress and the friction factor ratio are also shown. This study is the first to shows the flow transition of the flow in a rotating curved annular pipe and covers large ranges of parameters. Many interesting and previously unreported flow characteristics are obtained. Received 4 February 2002 and accepted 21 May 2002 Published online 30 October 2002 RID="*" ID="*" This research was supported by the Department of Energy under Contact Number W-7405-ENG-36. Communicated by H.J.S. Fernando     

不同参数下环形通道内湍流旋流流动的模拟

应用一种合理考虑湍流一旋流相互作用及湍流脉动各向异性的新的代数ＲｅｙｎｏｌｄＳ应力模型,对环形通道内的湍流旋流流动进行了数值模拟．研究了旋流数、进口轴向速度和内外半径比等参数对环形通道内湍流旋流流动的影响,以及由此产生的流场变化对强化环形通道内传热的作用．     

Theoretical study on the bifurcation of vortexes structure for flow in curved tube

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Electrokinetic flow and energy conversion in a curved microtube

Curved channels are ubiquitous in microfluidic systems. The pressuredriven electrokinetic flow and energy conversion in a curved microtube are investigated analytically by using a perturbation analysis method under the assumptions of the small curvature ratio and the Reynolds number. The results indicate that the curvature of the microtube leads to a skewed pattern in the distribution of the electrical double layer (EDL) potential. The EDL potential at the outer side of the bend is larger than that at the inner side of the bend. The curvature shows an inhibitory effect on the magnitude of the streaming potential field induced by the pressure-driven flow. Since the spanwise pressure gradient is dominant over the inertial force, the resulting axial velocity profile is skewed into the inner region of the curved channel. Furthermore, the flow rate in a curved microtube could be larger than that in a straight one with the same pressure gradient and shape of cross section. The asymptotic solutions of the axial velocity and flow rate in the absence of the electrokinetic effect are in agreement with the classical results for low Reynolds number flows. Remarkably, the curved geometry could be beneficial to improving the electrokinetic energy conversion (EKEC) efficiency.     

Dean instability and secondary flow structure in curved rectangular ducts

The pressure driven, fully developed turbulent flow of incompressible viscous fluid (water) in 120° curved ducts of rectangular cross-section is investigated experimentally and numerically. Three different types of curved duct (A-CL, B-SL and C-IL) with continuously varying curvature conform to blade profile as the inner and outer curvature walls to simplify and guide the impeller design of pumps. After validating the numerical method against Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements, the flow development in the ducts is analyzed in detail by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for a wide range of Reynolds numbers (Re = 2.4 × 10⁴–1.4 × 10⁵) and aspect ratios (Ar > 1.0, =1.0 and <1.0). The results clearly depict the existence of multiple Dean vortices along the duct: while the axial velocity profile is more related to an inner Dean vortex (called split base vortex), the wall pressure is more influenced by the Dean vortex attached to the inner curvature wall (called ICW Dean vortex). The induced multiple Dean vortices and the secondary flow patterns in the duct cannot be faithfully predicted by using traditional techniques. Therefore, a new criterion based on the vortex core velocities is proposed. With this approach, the effects of Re, Cr and Ar on the Dean instabilities in curved ducts are carefully studied. Decreasing Re promotes the generation of Dean vortices closer to the duct inlet, a trend that is as opposed to laminar flow. In addition, a new pair of vortices called entrainment Dean vortex occurs near the outlet of the curved duct with Ar = 1.0, which has not been previously reported in the literature.     

A study on the unsteady flow in a helical pipe

IntroductionRecently ,theresearchofunsteadyflowincurvedpipesmaintainsclosetiewiththatofbloodflowinbio_mechanics.Sothecharacteristicsofbloodflowinvesselscanbestudiedthroughtheresearchofflowincurvedpipesandthelocationthattheatherosclerosistakeplacecanbeprejudged[1].Theessentialcauseofatherosclerosiscanbeprobedinto ,too .In 1 971 ,Lyne[2 ]successfullysolvedtheproblemofflowinacircularcross_sectioncurvedpipeundertheconditionthattheaxialpressuregradientvariedinaccordwiththecosinelawusingthemethodof…     

A criterion for detection of the onset of Dean instability in Newtonian fluids

Dean instability for Newtonian fluids in laminar secondary flow in 180° curved channels was studied experimentally and numerically. The numerical study used Fluent CFD code to solve the Navier–Stokes equations, focusing on flow development conditions and the parameters influencing Dean instability. An accurate criterion based on the radial gradient of the axial velocity was defined that allows detection of the instability threshold, and this criterion is used to optimize the grid geometry. The effects on Dean instability of the curvature ratio (from 5.5 to 20) and aspect ratio (from 0.5 to 12) are studied. In particular, we show that the critical value of the Dean number decreases with the increasing duct curvature ratio. The variation of the critical Dean number with duct aspect ratio is less regular.In the experimental study, flows were visualized in several tangential positions of a 180° curved channel with aspect ratio 8 and curvature ratio 10. The flow is hydrodynamically developed at the entrance to the curved channel. The critical Dean number is detected and the development of secondary flow vortices by additional counter-rotating vortex pairs is observed. A diagram of different critical Dean numbers is established.