Interaction of components in the Cs2HgBr4-Cs2ZnBr4-CsBr ternary system

The interaction of components in the Cs₂HgBr₄-Cs₂ZnBr₄-CsBr ternary system was studied by differential thermal and X-ray powder diffraction analyses. The liquidus surface consists of the crystallization fields of three phases: CsBr, a solid solution of Cs₂HgBr₄ with Cs₂ZnBr₄ (??), and solid solution ?? based on Cs₃ZnBr₅. The ternary eutectic near Cs₂HgBr₄ has the coordinates ??83 mol % Cs₂HgBr₄, 2 mol % Cs₂ZnBr₄, and 15 mol % CsBr and the melting point ??415°C. The triangulating section Cs₂HgBr₄-Cs₃ZnBr₅ is characterized by the eutectic interaction with the eutectic that is degenerate near Cs₂HgBr₄, contains ??3 mol % Cs₃ZnBr₅, and melts at 420°C. This section divides the Cs₂HgBr₄-Cs₂ZnBr₄-CsBr ternary system into two ternary systems Cs₂HgBr₄-CsBr-Cs₃ZnBr₅ and Cs₂HgBr₄-Cs₃ZnBr₅-Cs₂ZnBr₄.     

Determination of phase fields in the CsBr-Cs2ZnBr4-Cs2CdBr4-Cs2HgBr4 quaternary system

Phase equilibria in the CsBr-Cs₂ZnBr₄-Cs₂CdBr₄-Cs₂HgBr₄ quaternary system were studied by differential thermal analysis. The CsBr-Cs₂ZnBr₄-Cs₂HgBr₄ ternary system has a ternary eutectic, E ₁, at ～83 mol % Cs₂HgBr₄, 2 mol % Cs₂ZnBr₄, and 15 mol % CsBr with a melting point of ～415°C. The CsBr-Cs₂ZnBr₄-Cs₂CdBr₄ ternary system has a ternary eutectic, E ₂, at ～53.5 mol % Cs₂CdBr₄, 1.5 mol % Cs₂ZnBr₄, and 45 mol % CsBr with a melting point of ～450°C. The polythermal section Cs₃ZnBr₅-Cs₂CdBr₄-Cs₂HgBr₄ in the CsBr-Cs₂ZnBr₄-Cs₂CdBr₄-Cs₂HgBr₄ quaternary system was constructed and investigated. This section is a quasi-ternary system and is characterized by the formation of regions of solid solutions Cs₂Zn _x Cd _y Hg_{1?x ? y} Br₄ and solid solutions based on Cs₃ZnBr₅. The liquidus surface of the quaternary system consists of three fields of primary crystallization of cesium bromide, a solid solution Cs₂Zn _x Cd _y Hg_{1?x ? y} Br₄, and a solid solution based on Cs₃ZnBr₅.     

Glass formation along the CsHgBr3-CsPbBr3, Cs2HgBr4-CsPbBr3, and CsHg2Br5-CsPbBr3 sections of the HgBr2-PbBr2-CsBr ternary system

Glass formation is studied along the CsHgBr₃-CsPbBr₃, Cs₂HgBr₄-CsPbBr₃, and CsHg₂Br₅-CsPbBr₃ sections of the HgBr₂-PbBr₂-CsBr ternary system. The glass formation region is demarcated. Characteristic temperatures are determined by differential thermal analysis; the ratio T _g/T _m and the Hruby factor H _R for glassy samples are determined. The data are analyzed, and the most promising glass compositions along the specified sections are determined.     

Interaction in the ternary system HgBr<Subscript>2</Subscript>-PbBr<Subscript>2</Subscript>-CsBr

Several vertical sections are investigated in the HgBr₂-PbBr₂-CsBr system by the methods of physicochemical analysis. Six compounds, namely, CsHg₂Br₅, CsHgBr₃, Cs₂HgBr₄, CsPb₂Br₅, CsPbBr₃, and Cs₄PbBr₆, are formed in the bordering binaries of the ternary system. By the results of investigation, the projection of the liquidus surface of the HgBr₂-PbBr₂-CsBr system on the composition triangle is constructed, and the fields of primary crystallization of nine phases are plotted, namely, HgBr₂, PbBr₂, CsBr, CsHg₂Br₅, CsHgBr₃, Cs₂HgBr₄, CsPb₂Br₅, CsPbBr₃, and Cs₄PbBr₆. An immiscibility region is found in the system. This region occupies a considerable part of the primary crystallization field of PbBr₂. The coordinates of invariant points are determined, and isotherms are plotted.     

Cs NMR study of the cryptand-222-Cs complex in binary solvent mixtures

The formation constants of the cryptand-222 complex with the cesium ion were studied by ¹³³Cs NMR measurements in four binary solvent systems: acetonedimethylsulfoxide (Me₂Co---Me₂SO), acetonitrile (MeCN)---Me₂SO, propylene carbonate(PC)---Me₂SO and PC-dimethylformamide (DMF). In the neat solvents the formation constant increases in the order Me₂SO < DMF < Me₂CO < PC < MeCN, which is the inverse order of their solvating abilities as given by the Gutmann donor number. In binary mixtures the stabilities varied monotonically with the decomposition. As expected, there is no correlation between the stabilities of the complexes and the dielectric constant of the medium. It seems that, for aprotic solvents with similar Pearson basicities and in the absence of ion pair formation, the donor ability of a binary solvent mixture can be qualitatively predicted from the donicities of the two solvents and the composition of the mixture.     

Cs2BeCl4 und Cs2 YbCl4: Endglieder der homologen Reihe Cs2MCl4

Cs₂BeCl₄ and Cs₂YbCl₄: End Members of the Homologous Series Cs₂MCl₄ Cs₂BeCl₄ belongs to the β-K₂SO₄ type structure (orthorhombic, Pnma, Z = 4, a = 964.2(4), b = 717.8(3), c = 1246.8(5) pm) and Cs₂YbCl₄ to the K₂NiF₄ type (tetragonal, I4/mmm, Z = 2, a = 541.8(2), c = 1727.6(10) pm). They are with the exception of Cs₂TmCl₄ the end members of minimum and maximum molar volume of the homologous series Cs₂MCl₄. The application of the “theorem of optimal (preferred) volumes” suggests that the other members of the series also can only belong to one of these two structure types (β-K₂SO₄ and K₂NiF₄ type, respectively).     

HgBr2-CsPbBr3 and CsHgBr3-PbBr2 joins of the HgBr2-PbBr2-CsBr system

The HgBr₂-CsPbBr₃ (1) and CsHgBr₃-PbBr₂ (2) joins of the HgBr₂-PbBr₂-CsBr system are studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray powder diffraction. Both joins are non-quasi-binary. The primary phase fields, joint crystallization fields, and invariant temperatures are determined along these joins. X-ray powder diffraction results validate the diagrams mapped for these joins.     

Study on the equilibria in the ZnBr2(CdBr2)?H2O?C2H5OH Systems at 25°C

The solubility isotherms of the three-component systems: ZnBr₂? H₂O? C₂H₅OH and CdBr₂? H₂O? C₂H₅OH at 25°C have been studied. Crystallization fields of the equilibrium coexistence of the salts ZnBr₂ · 2H₂O, ZnBr₂, CdBr₂ · 4H₂O, CdBr₂ and CdBr₂ · 1.5 C₂H₅OH in water-ethanol solvent have been found. The dehydration processes of crystalline hydrates and the probable solvation of Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ ions in the saturated solutions have been discussed.     

Phase diagram for the ternary system LiClCaCl2CaCrO4

The phase diagram for the system LiClCaCl₂CaCrO₄ has been studied using differential thermal analysis. LiClCaCl₂CaCrO₄ has been shown by X-ray diffraction to be a stable, diagonal section of the Li, Ca//Cl, CrO₄ reciprocal ternary system. The three binary systems are: LiClCaCl₂ which exhibits a double salt (LiCaCl₃), which decomposes without melting at 439°C and a eutectic at 36.3 mole % CaCl₂ (m.p. 487°C); CaCl₂CaCrO₄ which shows a eutectic at 23.4 mole % CaCrO₄ (m.p. 660°C); and LiClCaCrO₄ with a eutectic at 14.3 mole % CaCrO₄ (m.p. 538°C).In the ternary system, a eutectic exists at 63.2 mole % LiCl32.9% CaCl₂3.9% CaCrO₄ (m.p. 479°C). In addition, a four-phase equilibrium, involving all solid phases, exists at nearly all compositions at 435°C.Isotherms are shown for the liquidus surface (primary crystallization) and for the secondary crystallization surface. Isothermal and vertical sections through the ternary phase diagram are shown.     

Mutual interactions in a ternary protein/bioprotectant/water system

The dynamics of hydration water play a key role in many biological processes. The activity and function of proteins are strongly affected by the presence of water, which interacts primarily by means of hydrogen bonding. These interactions are examined in this work by a comparison of neutron vibrational spectra (Inelastic Neutron Scattering, INS) of dry lysozyme and hydrated lysozyme at h = 0.7 (g of H₂O/g of protein) with those of a lysozyme/water mixture at the same hydration value in the presence of the glass-forming bioprotectant trehalose. A difference spectrum, obtained by subtracting the dry lysozyme spectrum from that of the lysozyme/water mixture, yields the hydration water spectrum which is compared to the INS spectra of different kinds of ice in order to determine the changes induced by lysozyme on the hydrogen-bonded network of water. An additional comparison is performed by using a double-difference spectrum obtained by subtracting both the dry lysozyme and the trehalose spectra from the lysozyme/trehalose/water ternary spectrum. The effects of the mutual interactions among the three components, i.e. protein, disaccharide and water, are determined by comparison of the spectra of the dry systems (lysozyme, trehalose) with the difference spectra obtained from subtraction of the dry systems from the binary systems. It is concluded that the interfacial water more strongly affects the intermolecular mode region at low frequencies, whereas the vibrational spectra at high frequencies are more influenced by lysozyme and trehalose.     

硫酸铯/聚乙二醇双水相体系在298.15K的相平衡

水溶性高聚物的双水相体系可用于纯化一些无机盐,获得高纯晶体。由于高聚物的存在会减小盐在溶液中的溶解度,从而可能析出晶体。本文采用自制的相平衡装置,测定了硫酸铯／聚乙二醇(PEG1000,4000,10000)双水相体系在298．15K时的等温平衡溶解度。     

Phase equilibrium in the Cs2MoO4-Bi2(MoO4)3-Zn(MoO4)2 system and the crystal structure of new triple molybdate Cs5BiZr(MoO4)6

The subsolidus region of the Cs₂MoO₄-Bi₂(MoO₄)₃-Zr(MoO₄) system was studied by X-ray powder diffraction. Quasi-binary sections were elucidated, and triangulation performed. Triple molybdates with the component ratios 5: 1: 2 (S ₁) and 2: 1: 4 (S ₂) were prepared for the first time. Crystals of cesium bismuth zirconium molybdate of the 5: 1: 2 stoichiometry (Cs₅BiZr(MoO₄)₆) were grown from fluxed melts with spontaneous nucleation. The composition and crystal structure of this triple molybdate were refined using X-ray diffraction data (collected on X8 APEX automated diffractometer, MoK _α radiation, 2348 F(hkl), R = 0.0226). The trigonal unit cell parameters were as follows: a = b = 10.9569(2), c = 39.804(4) Å, V = 4138.4(4) ų, Z = 6, space group R $ \bar 3 The subsolidus region of the Cs₂MoO₄-Bi₂(MoO₄)₃-Zr(MoO₄) system was studied by X-ray powder diffraction. Quasi-binary sections were elucidated, and triangulation performed. Triple molybdates with the component ratios 5: 1: 2 (S ₁) and 2: 1: 4 (S ₂) were prepared for the first time. Crystals of cesium bismuth zirconium molybdate of the 5: 1: 2 stoichiometry (Cs₅BiZr(MoO₄)₆) were grown from fluxed melts with spontaneous nucleation. The composition and crystal structure of this triple molybdate were refined using X-ray diffraction data (collected on X8 APEX automated diffractometer, MoK _α radiation, 2348 F(hkl), R = 0.0226). The trigonal unit cell parameters were as follows: a = b = 10.9569(2), c = 39.804(4) ?, V = 4138.4(4) ?³, Z = 6, space group R c. The mixed-metal three-dimensional framework in this structure is built of Mo tetrahedra and two sorts of (Bi,Zr)O₆ octahedra. Large interstices accommodate two sorts of cesium atoms. The Bi³⁺ and Zr⁴⁺ cation distributions over two positions were refined during structure solution. Original Russian Text ? B.G. Bazarov, T.V. Namsaraeva, R.F. Klevtsova, A.G. Anshits, T.A. Vereshchagina, R.V. Kurbatov, L.A. Glinskaya, K.N. Fedorov, Zh.G. Bazarova, 2008, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2008, Vol. 53, No. 9, pp. 1585–1589.     

Pressure-induced internal redox reaction of Cs2[PdI4].I2, Cs2[PdBr4].I2, and Cs2[PdCl4].I2

The pressure-induced redox reaction within the system Cs2[Pd2+I4].I2/Cs2[Pd4+I6] was investigated by means of powder X-ray diffraction. Analogous high-pressure X-ray diffraction experiments were performed on the isostructural compounds Cs2[PdX4].I2 (X = Cl, Br). Additionally, the phase transition of Cs2[PdBr4].I2 to Cs2[PdBr4I2] was characterized by means of Raman scattering experiments as well as theoretical calculations based on density functional theory. On the basis of experimentally determined crystal structure data, a pathway for the topology of the redox reactions was developed and outlined.     

On the ternary B 2-phase in the Al-Co-Ga system

Summary Lattice parameter values were determined for the ternary B 2-phase in the Al-Co-Ga system, and it was found that a continuous solid solution exists between -AlCo and -CoGa. Phase boundaries of the ternary phase at 1 100 K were derived from the variation of the lattice parameter with composition.

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Über die ternäre B 2-Phase im System Al-Co-Ga

Zusammenfassung Im Bereich der ternären B 2-Phase im System Al-Co-Ga wurden die Werte des Gitterparameters bestimmt; es stellte sich heraus, daß eine durchgehende feste Lösung zwischen -AlCo und -CoGa besteht. Die Phasengrenzen der ternären Phase bei 1 100 K wurden aus der Änderung des Gitterparameters mit der Zusammensetzung abgeleitet.